The Increase in Renal Sodium Excretion in Response to Angiotensin II Infusion in Exercised Female Rats is Dependent on a Rise in Renal Perfusion Pressure

Prior studies in this lab have shown that chronically exercised female spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats excrete a greater amount of sodium in response to angiotensin II (Ang II) infusion than do sedentary rats. The current study determined if the difference in renal sodium excretion persisted when the renal perfusion pressure (RPP) was held constant. Female SHR and female WKY rats were separated into sedentary and exercised groups at 4 weeks of age. The exercise group voluntarily exercised for at least eight weeks using an exercise wheel and time/distance monitor. At 13 weeks of age or older, rats were anesthetized and catheters were placed into the jugular vein, and carotid and femoral arteries. A noose, placed around the abdominal aorta, was continually adjusted to maintain a constant RPP during Ang II infusion. Ang II was infused at 0, 0.125, 0.5, and 2.0 micrograms/ml saline, each for 15 minutes. MAP and RPP were measured continually. Urine was collected during each 15 minute period and analyzed for sodium excretion. Sodium excretion did not significantly increase with the Ang II infusions when RPP was held constant, and no difference was found between the exercised and sedentary rats. The increase in renal sodium excretion observed in exercised female rats compared to sedentary appears to be due to a difference in the pressure natriuresis response

RELEVANSI KURIKULUM SMK TEKNOLOGI & INDUSTRI 1999 PROGRAM KEAHLIANTEKNIKINSTALASI LISTRIK DENGAN TUNTUTAN PEKERJAAN INSTALATUR LISTRIK : Studi Evaluatif Terhadap Kemampuan dan Tugas-Tugas yang dituntut dari Instalatur Listrik di Lingkungan Asosiasi Kontraktor Listrik Indonesia dan Perusahaan Listrik Negara Kota Cimahi

Pendidikan sebagai wahana untuk meningkatkan kualitas sumber daya manusia merupakan faktor vital yang menunjang pertumbuhan ekonomi di Indonesia. Dari dunia usaha dan industri muncul keluhan bahwa lulusan yang memasuki dunia kerja belum memiliki kesiapan kerja yang baik. Studi Blazely dkk (1997) melaporkan bahwa pembelajaran di sekolah cenderung sangat teoritik, yang berakibat peserta didik tidak mampu menerapkan apa yang dipelajari di sekolah guna memecahkan masalah kehidupan yang dihadapi dalam kesehariannya. Secara internasional tahun 2003 AFTA (Asean Free Trade Area) dan AFLA (Asean Free Labour Area) akan dimulai, yang berarti sejak saat itu persaingan tenaga kerja akan menjadi terbuka. Konsekuensinya tenaga kerja kita harus mampu bersaing secara terbuka dengan tenaga kerja asing dari berbagai negara, yang selama ini menjadi suatu kekhawatiran bagi ketenagakerjaan di Indonesia. Di dalam UUSPN tahun 1989 pasal 11 ayat 3 dinyatakan secara tegas bahwa " Pendidikan kejuman merupakan pendidikan yang mempersiapkan peserta didiknya untuk dapat bekerja pada bidang pekerjaan tertentu ". Penelitian ini merupakan suatu studi evaluatif dengan metodologi penelitian kualitatif dan bersifat deskriptif berdasarkan fakta-fakta, terhadap kemampuan dan tugastugas yang dituntut dari Instalatur Listrik, dengan maksud untuk menjawab pertanyaan penelitian "bagaimanakah relevansi antara komponen pembelajaran pengetahuan / keterampilan dari Garis-Garis Besar Program Diklat paket keahlian program produktif kurikulum SMK 1999 Program Keahlian Teknik Instalasi Listrik, dengan pekerjaan dan tugas-tugas yang dibebankan kepada instalatur listrik ?". Untuk menemukan jawaban dari pertanyaan tersebut dilakukan penelitian di dua kontraktor listrik yang berlokasi di kota Cimahi. Metoda pengumpulan data yang digunakan terdiri dari; observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Dari hasil interpretasi dan pembahasan diperoleh temuan-temuan sebagai berikut; • Bidang pekerjaan instalatur listrik terdiri dari; (a) pekerjaan instalasi listrik penerangan dan tenaga untuk rumah tinggal, (b) pekerjaan instalasi listrik penerangan dan tenaga untuk kebutuhan yang bersifat komersial, (c) pekerjaan instalasi listrik industri, dan (d) pekerjaan penarikan jaringan tegangan menengah dan rendah. • Komponen pembelajaran pengetahuan / keterampilan dari mata diklat paket keahlian program produktif, kurikulum tertulis SMK 1999 Program Keahlian Teknik Instalasi Listrik, relevan dengan kemampuan dan tugas-tugas yang dituntut dari instalatur listrik. • Komponen pembelajaran pengetahuan / keterampilan dari mata diklat paket keahlian program produktif, kurikulum tertulis SMK 1999 Program Keahlian Teknik Instalasi Listrik, belum mencukupi terhadap kemampuan dan tugas-tugas yang dituntut dari - instalatur listrik. Kesenjangan ditemukan terhadap bidang pekerjaan instalatur listrik, yang berkaitan dengan penarikan jaringan listrik tegangan rendah dan menengah, hal mana bidang pekerjaan ini belum ada dan diberikan pada kurikulum tertulis SMK 1999 program keahlian Teknik Instalasi Listrik. Implikasinya adalah direkomendasikan menambah mata diklat dan komponen pembelajaran pengetahuan/keterampilan, serta penyesuaian (penggabungan) beberapa keahlian menjadi satu keahlian, yang dapat mewadahi pekerjaan dan tugas-tugas instalatur listrik

Iran and its Proxy Hezbollah: Strategic Penetration in Latin America

Since his inauguration in 2005, Iran’s foreign policy focus has shifted from Africa to Latin America in order to, as Ahmadinejad puts it, ‘counter lasso’ the US

Removing Parallax-Induced False Changes in Change Detection

Accurate change detection (CD) results in urban environments is of interest to a diverse set of applications including military surveillance, environmental monitoring, and urban development. This work presents a hyperspectral CD (HSCD) framework. The framework uncovers the need for HSCD methods that resolve false change caused by image parallax. A Generalized Likelihood Ratio Test (GLRT) statistic for HSCD is developed that accommodates unknown mis-registration between imagery described by a prior probability density function for the spatial mis-registration. The potential of the derived method to incorporate more complex signal proccessing functions is demonstrated by the incorporation of a parallax error mitigation component. Results demonstrate that parallax mitigation reduces false alarms

Medical Assisting Credentialing

The purpose of this study was to investigate the hiring practices of physicians’ offices as they relate to medical assistants and to gain insight into their hiring preferences. Knowing how physicians and medical office managers view the profession of medical assisting may help medical assisting professionals improve the standing of the profession and provide a consistent foundation for education programs. I surveyed 15 physicians’ practices in eight states across the country to obtain a cross-country perspective and found that many practices hire credentialed or non-credentialed individuals for clinical positions for various reasons. The reasons were minimally due to the lack of credentialed applicants and more due to personal preferences, financial decisions, and governmental regulations. This study contributes to medical assisting program directors, medical assisting professional organizations, and credentialing agencies in promoting medical assisting

K-5 Educators\u27 Perceptions of the Role of Speech Language Pathologists

Rarely is a school-based speech language pathologist (SLP) thought of as an active contributor to the achievement of students or to the learning community in general. Researchers have found benefits for students when members of the learning community collaborate, and the SLP should be a part of this community collaboration. This qualitative case study examined elementary school teachers\u27, administrators\u27, and reading specialists\u27 perspectives related to knowledge of and the inclusion of the SLP in the learning community at a local elementary school in central Georgia. Schon\u27s theory of reflective practice and Coleman\u27s theory of social capital provided the conceptual framework. Via an open-ended questionnaire and intensive interviews, 8 educators with 3 or more years of experience in 1 of the K-5 elementary schools in this local community provided data for this study. Data were recorded, transcribed, and analyzed through inductive methods using open and axial coding with thematic analysis. The results of the study showed 4 common themes that the participants felt were important. These themes included the fact that teachers understood the SLP to be a resource, but were unsure how to access their specialty; teachers and SLPs needed allotted time to work together; teachers and SLPs needed to communicate frequently; and teachers desired more knowledge of the SLP\u27s role in the educational setting. Important implications for social change in elementary school learning communities include increasing involvement of the SLP, promoting SLP involvement in the identification of at-risk students, increasing educator awareness of the SLP\u27s benefit, and increasing collaboration between SLPs and educators promoted through a 3-day professional learning project