1,159 research outputs found
Factors perceived to influence exercise adherence in women with breast cancer participating in an exercise programme during adjuvant chemotherapy: a focus group study
Aims and objectives. To explore factors influencing exercise adherence among women with breast cancer while following an exercise programme.
Background. Earlier research shows that women with breast cancer decrease physical activity following the cancer diagnosis and that adhering to exercise interventions can be a challenge. Research is needed to identify motivational factors and barriers for exercise adherence among women during treatment for
breast cancer.
Design. This was a qualitative study to explore patientâs perceptions of the challenges to exercise adherence during a randomised, controlled trial.
Methods. Twenty-seven women with early-stage breast cancer were purposively sampled for focus group interviews during 2011â2012 from their participation in the exercise intervention group during 2010â2012. Five focus groups were performed,
and data analysis was completed using the systematic text condensation method.
Results. During the focus group study, five main themes were identified, which described factors participants perceived to influence their adherence to exercise during chemotherapy: âside effects of breast cancer treatment as a barrier to exerciseâ, ârestoring and maintaining normality in daily life motivates exerciseâ, âother valued activities compete with exerciseâ, âconstructive support enhances exerciseâ and âpositive beliefs about efficacy and outcomes motivate exerciseâ.
Conclusion. Adherence to exercise in women with breast cancer is challenged by internal and external conditions and may be improved by attention to the impact of treatment side effects and by supporting patient self-efficacy towards changing
health behaviour.
Relevance to clinical practice. Nurses should be aware that exercise adherence could be a challenge among women with breast cancer. They should help identify obstacles to exercise for women and ways to overcome them, as well as support them in their beliefs that they are capable of changing their health behaviou
Exercise: a path to wellness during adjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer?
Background: Breast cancer treatment can represent a threat to a patientâs wellness. The role of exercise in perceived wellness in women with breast cancer merits further study.
Objective: The objective of this study was to describe how
exercise is perceived by women to influence their physical and psychosocial wellness at the time they were receiving chemotherapy.
Methods: Five focus group interviews with a total of 27 women with early-stage breast cancer were conducted. Prior to the focus groups, the women had participated in an exercise intervention during chemotherapy treatment.
Results: Three themes emerged from the analysis: exercise shapes feelings of psychological wellness; exercise stimulates feelings of physical wellness; and exercise influences social wellness. The women reported feeling stronger in a psychological sense after exercising, that the strength exercise
improved their upper-limb functioning, and that engaging in exercise triggered social support and interactions.
Conclusions: Exercise during breast cancer treatment is perceived to enhance the patientsâ wellness on several dimensions and in particular psychological wellness. Exercise might support the patientsâ efforts to restore their sense of wellness and enhance their level of daily life functioning.
Implications for Practice: Cancer nurses should promote exercise as a wellness-fostering intervention during chemotherapy treatment. Focusing on how
exercise can contribute to feelings of wellness may help women with breast cancer choose exercise as a health-promoting activity that contributes to their recovery
Polynomial Cointegration among Stationary Processes with Long Memory
n this paper we consider polynomial cointegrating relationships among
stationary processes with long range dependence. We express the regression
functions in terms of Hermite polynomials and we consider a form of spectral
regression around frequency zero. For these estimates, we establish consistency
by means of a more general result on continuously averaged estimates of the
spectral density matrix at frequency zeroComment: 25 pages, 7 figures. Submitted in August 200
On Nonlinear Stochastic Balance Laws
We are concerned with multidimensional stochastic balance laws. We identify a
class of nonlinear balance laws for which uniform spatial bounds for
vanishing viscosity approximations can be achieved. Moreover, we establish
temporal equicontinuity in of the approximations, uniformly in the
viscosity coefficient. Using these estimates, we supply a multidimensional
existence theory of stochastic entropy solutions. In addition, we establish an
error estimate for the stochastic viscosity method, as well as an explicit
estimate for the continuous dependence of stochastic entropy solutions on the
flux and random source functions. Various further generalizations of the
results are discussed
On the polarization properties of the charmed baryon Lambda^+_c in the Lambda^+_c -> p + K^- + pi^+ + pi^0 decay
The polarization properties of the charmed Lambda^+_c baryon are investigated
in weak non-leptonic four-body Lambda^+_c -> p + K^- + pi^+ + pi^0 decay. The
probability of this decay and the angular distribution of the probability are
calculated in the effective quark model with chiral U(3)XU(3) symmetry
incorporating Heavy Quark Effective theory (HQET) and the extended
Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model with a linear realization of chiral U(3)XU(3)
symmetry. The theoretical value of the probability of the decay Lambda^+_c -> p
+ K^- + pi^+ + pi^0 relative to the probability of the decay Lambda^+_c -> p +
K^- + pi^+ does not contain free parameters and fits well experimental data.
The application of the obtained results to the analysis of the polarization of
the Lambda^+_c produced in the processes of photo and hadroproduction is
discussed.Comment: 10 pages, no figures, Late
Association between Antibodies to the MR 67,000 Isoform of Glutamate Decarboxylase (GAD) and Type 1 (Insulin-Dependent) Diabetes Mellitus with Coexisting Autoimmune Polyendocrine Syndrome Type II
By using an immunoprecipitation assay, we analysed reactivity of autoantibodies to human recombinant GAD65 and GAD67 in sera from patients with autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome Type II (APS II) with and without Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus (IDDM) compared to patients with organ-specific autoimmunity. Overall antibodies to GAD65 were correlated with IDDM in all study groups, whereas GAD67 antibodies were associated with IDDM when APS II coexists. Antibodies to GAD65 and GAD67 were detected in 13 (44.8%) and 7 (24.1%) out of 29 APS II patients with IDDM, but in only 4 (13.8%) and 2 (6.9%) out of 29 APS II patients without IDDM, respectively (p < 0.05). In short-standing IDDM (< 1 year), antibodies to GAD67 were significantly more frequent in patients with APS II (5 of 9 [55.6%] subjects) compared to matched diabetic patients without coexisting polyendocrinopathy (1 of 18 [5.6%] subjects) (p < 0.02). The levels of GAD65 (142 ± 90 AU) and GAD67 antibodies (178 ± 95 AU) were significantly higher in patients with polyglandular disease than in patients with isolated IDDM (91 ± 85 AU and 93 ± 57 AU) (p < 0.02). Interestingly, all 11 GAD67 antibody positive subjects also had GAD65 antibodies (p < 0.0001), and in 10 of 11 anti-GAD67 positive sera the GAD67 antibodies could be blocked by either GAD67 or GAD65, suggesting the presence of cross-reactive autoantibodies. No correlation was observed between GAD antibodies and age, sex or any particular associated autoimmune disease, besides IDDM. GAD antibodies were present in only 1 of 6 (16.7%) patients with APS Type I, in 1 of 26 (3.9%) patients with autoimmune thyroid disease but in none of the patients with Addison's disease (n = 16), pernicious anaemia (n = 7) or normal controls (n = 50). Our data suggest distinct antibody specificities reactive to GAD isoforms in APS II and IDDM, which might reflect different mechanisms of autoimmune response in IDDM with coexisting autoimmune polyendocrine autoimmunity
A theory of -dissipative solvers for scalar conservation laws with discontinuous flux
We propose a general framework for the study of contractive semigroups
of solutions to conservation laws with discontinuous flux. Developing the ideas
of a number of preceding works we claim that the whole admissibility issue is
reduced to the selection of a family of "elementary solutions", which are
certain piecewise constant stationary weak solutions. We refer to such a family
as a "germ". It is well known that (CL) admits many different contractive
semigroups, some of which reflects different physical applications. We revisit
a number of the existing admissibility (or entropy) conditions and identify the
germs that underly these conditions. We devote specific attention to the
anishing viscosity" germ, which is a way to express the "-condition" of
Diehl. For any given germ, we formulate "germ-based" admissibility conditions
in the form of a trace condition on the flux discontinuity line (in the
spirit of Vol'pert) and in the form of a family of global entropy inequalities
(following Kruzhkov and Carrillo). We characterize those germs that lead to the
-contraction property for the associated admissible solutions. Our
approach offers a streamlined and unifying perspective on many of the known
entropy conditions, making it possible to recover earlier uniqueness results
under weaker conditions than before, and to provide new results for other less
studied problems. Several strategies for proving the existence of admissible
solutions are discussed, and existence results are given for fluxes satisfying
some additional conditions. These are based on convergence results either for
the vanishing viscosity method (with standard viscosity or with specific
viscosities "adapted" to the choice of a germ), or for specific germ-adapted
finite volume schemes
Resonant Two-body D Decays
The contribution of a resonance to is
calculated by applying the soft pion theorem to , and is
found to be about 30% of the measured amplitude and to be larger than the
component of this amplitude. We estimate a 70% contribution to
the total amplitude from a higher resonance. This implies large
deviations from factorization in D decay amplitudes, a lifetime difference
between D^0 and D^+, and an enhancement of mixing due to SU(3)
breaking.Comment: To be published in Physical Review Letters, some corrections,
references update
Bone and Cartilage from Stem Cells: Growth Optimalization and Stabilization of Cell Phenotypes
Infrasound initiates directional fast-start escape responses in juvenile roach Rutilus rutilus
Acoustic stimuli within the sonic range are effective triggers of C-type escape behaviours in fish. We have previously shown that fish have an acute sensitivity to infrasound also, with acceleration thresholds in the range of 10(-5) m s(-2). In addition, infrasound at high intensities around 10(-2) m s(-2) elicits strong and sustained avoidance responses in several fish species. In the present study, the possible triggering of C-escapes by infrasonic single-cycle vibrations was examined in juvenile roach Rutilus rutilus. The fish were accelerated in a controlled and quantifiable manner using a swing system. The applied stimuli simulated essential components of the accelerations that a small fish would encounter in the hydrodynamic flow field produced by a predatory fish. Typical C- and S-type escape responses were induced by accelerations within the infrasonic range with a threshold of 0.023 m s(-2) for an initial acceleration at 6.7 Hz. Response trajectories were on average in the same direction as the initial acceleration. Unexpectedly, startle behaviours mainly occurred in the trailing half of the test chamber, in which the fish were subjected to linear acceleration in combination with compression, i.e. the expected stimuli produced by an approaching predator. Very few responses were observed in the leading half of the test chamber, where the fish were subjected to acceleration and rarefaction, i.e. the stimuli expected from a suction type of predator. We conclude that particle acceleration is essential for the directionality of the startle response to infrasound, and that the response is triggered by the synergistic effects of acceleration and compression
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