Excess weight and factors associated in preschool of southwest of Bahia

Objectives: this study aimed to evaluate the environmental factors associated with excess weight in preschool children. Methods: a cross-sectional study involving 664 full-time preschoolers enrolled in public childcare centers in Vitória da Conquista (BA). The excess weight status has been defined according to the BMI/Age index and score Z above +2. The independent variables were grouped into maternal characteristics, socioeconomic, related to children and child care. We conducted multiple logistic regression to assess the association between excess weight and the variables studied. Results: a prevalence of excess weight was 5.7 %; 3.9% were overweight and 1.8% were obese. The factors associated with excess weight in children were cesarean delivery (OR: 2.59; IC95%: 1.11; 6.01); being singletons (OR: 3.32; IC95%: 1.44; 7.67); and exclusive breastfeeding of less than 4 months (OR: 2.59; IC95%: 1.12; 5.99). Conclusions: the results show that interventions to reduce and/or prevent excess weight should begin prenatally, with promotion of exclusive breastfeeding and natural birth, as well as nutritional advice for mothers with singletons.

Prevalência e fatores associados à anemia em crianças de creches: uma análise hierarquizada

Objective: To determine the prevalence and factors associated with anemia in children younger than five years old enrolled in public daycare centers in a city in southwestern Bahia, in the northeast of Brazil. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study that included a sample of 677 children enrolled in public daycare centers in Vitória da Conquista, Bahia, Brazil. A portable hemoglobinometer was used to measure hemoglobin. The concentration of <11 g/dL was considered the cutoff point for a diagnosis of anemia. A questionnaire was applied to parents/guardians in order to collect socioeconomic data, maternal characteristics and information on the child’s health and nutrition. Height and weight were measured to assess the child’s nutritional status. Poisson regression with robust variance and hierarchical selection of variables was used to identify factors associated with anemia. Results: The prevalence of anemia was 10.2% and was more frequent in children whose homes had no sanitary facilities (PR 3.36; 95%CI 1.40-8.03); in those who did not exclusively breastfeed (PR 1.80; 95%CI 1.12-2.91); in children aged less than 36 months (PR 1.85; 95%CI 1.19-2.89) and those who had low height for age (PR 2.06; 95%CI 1.10-3.85). Conclusions: The prevalence of anemia is considered to be a mild public health problem in the children, who are enrolled in daycare centers. Children with inadequate sanitary conditions, and that were not exclusively breastfed, as well as younger children and children with a nutritional deficit, were more likely to present the condition.Objetivo: Determinar a prevalência e os fatores associados à anemia em crianças menores de cinco anos assistidas em creches públicas de um município no sudoeste da Bahia. Métodos: Estudo transversal com uma amostra de 677 crianças matriculadas nas creches públicas de Vitória da Conquista, Bahia. Para determinação da hemoglobina por meio de punção digital, utilizou-se hemoglobinômetro portátil, considerando-se valores de hemoglobina <11 g/dL como ponto de corte para o diagnóstico da anemia. Aplicou-se questionário aos pais ou responsáveis para coleta de informações socioeconômicas, características maternas e de saúde e nutrição da criança. Medidas antropométricas de peso e estatura foram utilizadas para avaliação do estado nutricional da criança. Análise de regressão de Poisson com variância robusta e seleção hierárquica das variáveis foi usada para verificar fatores associados com anemia. Resultados: A prevalência de anemia foi de 10,2% e houve mais prevalência nas crianças cujas moradias não apresentavam instalação sanitária (RP 3,36; IC95% 1,40-8,03); naquelas que não receberam aleitamento materno exclusivo (RP 1,80; IC95% 1,12-2,91); nas crianças com idade inferior a 36 meses (RP 1,85; IC95% 1,19-2,89) e com baixa estatura para a idade (RP 2,06; IC95% 1,10-3,85). Conclusões: A prevalência de anemia pode ser considerada um problema de Saúde Pública menor em crianças de creches populares nesse município. Crianças com condições sanitárias inadequadas, que não receberam leite materno exclusivo, bem como as em idades mais precoces e com déficit nutricional foram mais suscetíveis

Catálogo Taxonômico da Fauna do Brasil: setting the baseline knowledge on the animal diversity in Brazil

The limited temporal completeness and taxonomic accuracy of species lists, made available in a traditional manner in scientific publications, has always represented a problem. These lists are invariably limited to a few taxonomic groups and do not represent up-to-date knowledge of all species and classifications. In this context, the Brazilian megadiverse fauna is no exception, and the Catálogo Taxonômico da Fauna do Brasil (CTFB) (http://fauna.jbrj.gov.br/), made public in 2015, represents a database on biodiversity anchored on a list of valid and expertly recognized scientific names of animals in Brazil. The CTFB is updated in near real time by a team of more than 800 specialists. By January 1, 2024, the CTFB compiled 133,691 nominal species, with 125,138 that were considered valid. Most of the valid species were arthropods (82.3%, with more than 102,000 species) and chordates (7.69%, with over 11,000 species). These taxa were followed by a cluster composed of Mollusca (3,567 species), Platyhelminthes (2,292 species), Annelida (1,833 species), and Nematoda (1,447 species). All remaining groups had less than 1,000 species reported in Brazil, with Cnidaria (831 species), Porifera (628 species), Rotifera (606 species), and Bryozoa (520 species) representing those with more than 500 species. Analysis of the CTFB database can facilitate and direct efforts towards the discovery of new species in Brazil, but it is also fundamental in providing the best available list of valid nominal species to users, including those in science, health, conservation efforts, and any initiative involving animals. The importance of the CTFB is evidenced by the elevated number of citations in the scientific literature in diverse areas of biology, law, anthropology, education, forensic science, and veterinary science, among others

Prevalence and factors associated to vitamin A deficiency in children attending public day care centers in the Southwest of Bahia

Abstract Objectives: to determine the prevalence of vitamin A deficiency and factors associated to children attending public day care centers in the Southwest of Bahia. Methods: a cross-sectional study involving 303 children aged 24 to 60 months attending public day care centers in the city of Vitória da Conquista, BA. A questionnaire was applied for the parents or legal guardians to answer and the children's height and weight were measured. Blood samples were collected to analyze serum retinol taking in consideration the values below 0.70 imol/L as inadequate. The vaccination card was verified in relation to the adequacy of vitamin A supplementation. Food weighting was done to evaluate the consuming of lipids and vitamin A. The association between the variables and vitamin A deficiency was verified by logistic regression. Results: the prevalence of inadequate serum retinol levels was 13.1% (1.99 ± 1.17 imol/L); 4.3% were low height and 1.2% of thinness. Most children (91.7%) had their vitamin A doses outdated on their vaccination cards. The variables associated to vitamin A deficiency were children aged less or equal to 34 months (OR: 2.66, 95% CI: 1.23 - 5.74) and maternal age was less than 26 years (OR: 2.39; 95% CI: 1.11 - 5.17). Conclusions: vitamin A deficiency configures as a moderate public health problem in children attending public day care centers in the Southwest of Bahia

Excess weight and factors associated in preschool of southwest of Bahia

Abstract Objectives: this study aimed to evaluate the environmental factors associated with excess weight in preschool children. Methods: a cross-sectional study involving 664 full-time preschoolers enrolled in public childcare centers in Vitória da Conquista (BA). The excess weight status has been defined according to the BMI/Age index and score Z above +2. The independent variables were grouped into maternal characteristics, socioeconomic, related to children and child care. We conducted multiple logistic regression to assess the association between excess weight and the variables studied. Results: a prevalence of excess weight was 5.7 %; 3.9% were overweight and 1.8% were obese. The factors associated with excess weight in children were cesarean delivery (OR: 2.59; IC95%: 1.11; 6.01); being singletons (OR: 3.32; IC95%: 1.44; 7.67); and exclusive breastfeeding of less than 4 months (OR: 2.59; IC95%: 1.12; 5.99). Conclusions: the results show that interventions to reduce and/or prevent excess weight should begin prenatally, with promotion of exclusive breastfeeding and natural birth, as well as nutritional advice for mothers with singletons

PREVALÊNCIA E FATORES ASSOCIADOS À ANEMIA EM CRIANÇAS DE CRECHES: UMA ANÁLISE HIERARQUIZADA

RESUMO Objetivo: Determinar a prevalência e os fatores associados à anemia em crianças menores de cinco anos assistidas em creches públicas de um município no sudoeste da Bahia. Métodos: Estudo transversal com uma amostra de 677 crianças matriculadas nas creches públicas de Vitória da Conquista, Bahia. Para determinação da hemoglobina por meio de punção digital, utilizou-se hemoglobinômetro portátil, considerando-se valores de hemoglobina <11 g/dL como ponto de corte para o diagnóstico da anemia. Aplicou-se questionário aos pais ou responsáveis para coleta de informações socioeconômicas, características maternas e de saúde e nutrição da criança. Medidas antropométricas de peso e estatura foram utilizadas para avaliação do estado nutricional da criança. Análise de regressão de Poisson com variância robusta e seleção hierárquica das variáveis foi usada para verificar fatores associados com anemia. Resultados: A prevalência de anemia foi de 10,2% e houve mais prevalência nas crianças cujas moradias não apresentavam instalação sanitária (RP 3,36; IC95% 1,40-8,03); naquelas que não receberam aleitamento materno exclusivo (RP 1,80; IC95% 1,12-2,91); nas crianças com idade inferior a 36 meses (RP 1,85; IC95% 1,19-2,89) e com baixa estatura para a idade (RP 2,06; IC95% 1,10-3,85). Conclusões: A prevalência de anemia pode ser considerada um problema de Saúde Pública menor em crianças de creches populares nesse município. Crianças com condições sanitárias inadequadas, que não receberam leite materno exclusivo, bem como as em idades mais precoces e com déficit nutricional foram mais suscetíveis