Uimastite tarvitamine Eesti noorte ja täisealiste seas. AAA-uuringu esmased tulemused

Taust ja eesmärk. Alkoholi, tubakatoodete ja illegaalsete uimastite tarvitamine on üha suurenev üleilmne probleem. Artikli eesmärk on anda ülevaade Eesti noorte inimeste uimastite kasutamise levimusuuringu „Ained ja arenevad ajud“ (AAA-uuring) esmastest tulemustest. Metoodika. Uuringus osales 4922 isikut, kelle keskmine vanus oli 21,4 ± 6,8 aastat (vahemik 16–45 a). Elu jooksul ja viimase 3 kuu jooksul tarvitatud uimastite määr tuvastati mõõtevahendi ASSIST (Alcohol, Smoking and Substance use Involvement Screening Test) abil. Andmete kogumiseks kasutati veebiplatvormi REDCap. Tulemused. Uuringus osalejatest oli elu jooksul vähemalt korra tarvitanud alkoholi 86,1% ja tubakatooteid 60,5%. Kanep oli kõige sagedamini (43,0%) proovitud illegaalne uimasti. Amfetamiinitüüpi stimulante oli vähemalt korra elus proovinud 15,2%, hallutsinogeene 12,5%, inhalante 8,1%, kokaiini 7,7% ja opioide 3,7% küsimustikule vastanutest. Kolme viimase kuu jooksul oli 77,6% uuringus osalenutest pruukinud alkoholi, sageduselt järgnesid tubaka (43,0%) ja kanepi (24,5%) tarvitamine. Esitatud on ka andmed erinevaid uimasteid elu jooksul vähemalt korra tarvitanud isikute jaotuse kohta maakonniti ning piirkonniti. Arutelu. Uuring kinnitab varasemaid tulemusi, et noorte hulgas on uimastite tarvitamise levimus suur. Nii legaalsete kui ka illegaalsete uimastite tarvitamine on sagedasem kui arvatud, eriti noorte hulgas. Seetõttu on soovitatav tõhustada alkoholi, tubaka ja illegaalsete ainete tarvitamise vähendamisele suunatud ennetuse ja sekkumisega seotud tegevusi Eesti noorte hulgas

Procesos de Gestión del Talento Humano

Un factor clave para el éxito en las organizaciones es tratar a sus colaboradores como parte fundamental en los procesos, es realizar una adecuada gestión de este talento humano, lo cual implica una planeación, organización, dirección y control de actividades de tal forma en funcionamiento del logro de los objetivos misionales; en concordancia con lo expuesto por Chiavenato 2011, la gestión del talento humano en las organizaciones es la función que permite la colaboración eficaz de las personas. Es así, que este Objeto Virtual de Aprendizaje (OVA) pretende describir como es el desempeño de los procesos, procedimientos y análisis en la gestión del talento humano en aras de alcanzar los objetivos organizacionales

Altered Expression Profile of IgLON Family of Neural Cell Adhesion Molecules in the Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex of Schizophrenic Patients

Neural adhesion proteins are crucial in the development and maintenance of functional neural connectivity. Growing evidence suggests that the IgLON family of neural adhesion molecules LSAMP, NTM, NEGR1, and OPCML are important candidates in forming the susceptibility to schizophrenia (SCZ). IgLON proteins have been shown to be involved in neurite outgrowth, synaptic plasticity and neuronal connectivity, all of which have been shown to be altered in the brains of patients with the diagnosis of schizophrenia. Here we optimized custom 5′-isoform-specific TaqMan gene-expression analysis for the transcripts of human IgLON genes to study the expression of IgLONs in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) of schizophrenic patients (n = 36) and control subjects (n = 36). Uniform 5′-region and a single promoter was confirmed for the human NEGR1 gene by in silico analysis. IgLON5, a recently described family member, was also included in the study. We detected significantly elevated levels of the NEGR1 transcript (1.33-fold increase) and the NTM 1b isoform transcript (1.47-fold increase) in the DLPFC of schizophrenia patients compared to healthy controls. Consequent protein analysis performed in male subjects confirmed the increase in NEGR1 protein content both in patients with the paranoid subtype and in patients with other subtypes. In-group analysis of patients revealed that lower expression of certain IgLON transcripts, mostly LSAMP 1a and 1b, could be related with concurrent depressive endophenotype in schizophrenic patients. Additionally, our study cohort provides further evidence that cannabis use may be a relevant risk factor associated with suicidal behaviors in psychotic patients. In conclusion, we provide clinical evidence of increased expression levels of particular IgLON family members in the DLPFC of schizophrenic patients. We propose that alterations in the expression profile of IgLON neural adhesion molecules are associated with brain circuit disorganization in neuropsychiatric disorders, such as schizophrenia. In the light of previously published data, we suggest that increased level of NEGR1 in the frontal cortex may serve as molecular marker for a wider spectrum of psychiatric conditions