Hochschulbildung und Hochschuldidaktik - (K)ein Thema in der Erziehungswissenschaft? Eine historische Spurensuche

Fragen rund um das Lehren und Lernen an Hochschulen sowie Bildungsfragen im Kontext von Studium lassen sich nicht eindeutig einer Disziplin zuordnen. Gleichwohl legen die The-men Lehren, Lernen und Bildung es nahe, dass die Erziehungswissenschaft eine wichtige Bezugsdisziplin darstellt, da es sich hier um Grundbegriffe und -fragen des Fachs handelt. Was sind also originäre erziehungswissenschaftliche Zugänge zum Thema Hochschulbildung und -didaktik? Lässt sich in der Erziehungswissenschaft als Disziplin ein eigenständiger Diskurs hierzu identifizieren und welche Ansätze, Konzepte oder gar Modelle, Theorien und Positionen sind darin erkennbar? Diesen Fragen widmet sich der nachfolgende Beitrag. Ausgehend von der These, dass die Erziehungswissenschaft als Fachdisziplin für die Themen Lehren, Lernen und Bildung sowohl Erkenntnis- als auch Gestaltungspotenzial für Fragen der Hochschulbildung und -didaktik offerieren könnte, erfolgt eine Auswertung und Diskussion wesentlicher Bestände des Fachs bezüglich von Hochschulbildung und -didaktik. Der Beitrag versteht sich damit als erste Bestandsaufnahme und verfolgt die Intention, sowohl innerhalb der Erziehungswissenschaft als auch in der interdisziplinär angelegten Hochschuldidaktik einen Diskurs zu ihren wechselseitigen Bezügen zu eröffnen

Optical Visualization of Radiative Recombination at Partial Dislocations in GaAs

Individual dislocations in an ultra-pure GaAs epilayer are investigated with spatially and spectrally resolved photoluminescence imaging at 5~K. We find that some dislocations act as strong non-radiative recombination centers, while others are efficient radiative recombination centers. We characterize luminescence bands in GaAs due to dislocations, stacking faults, and pairs of stacking faults. These results indicate that low-temperature, spatially-resolved photoluminescence imaging can be a powerful tool for identifying luminescence bands of extended defects. This mapping could then be used to identify extended defects in other GaAs samples solely based on low-temperature photoluminescence spectra.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figure

Two Bronze Medals for Switzerland at the 43rd International Chemistry Olympiad in Ankara, Turkey

At the 2011 International Chemistry Olympiad in Ankara, with 71 participating countries, Switzerland achieved two bronze medals thanks to two outstanding students

Priming in a shape task but not in a category task under continuous flash suppression

Continuous flash suppression (CFS) is an interocular suppression technique that uses high-contrast masks flashed to one eye to prevent conscious perception of images shown to the other eye. It has become widely used due to its strength and prolonged duration of suppression and its nearly deterministic control of suppression onset and offset. Recently, it has been proposed that action-relevant visual processing ascribed to the dorsal stream remains functional, while processing in the ventral stream is completely suppressed, when stimuli are invisible under CFS. Here we tested the hypothesis that the potentially dorsal-stream-based analysis of prime-stimulus elongation during CFS affects the categorization of manipulable target objects. In two behavioral experiments, we found evidence for priming in a shape task, but none for priming in a category task, when prime stimuli were rendered invisible using CFS. Our results thus support the notion that the representation of CF-suppressed stimuli is more limited than previously thought

Enteroparasitoses em crianças de uma creche na cidade de Assis/SP - Antes e Depois de campanhas educativas

Intestinal parasitosis are related to sanitary conditions, and children make up a group with high frequency of enteroparasitosis. The aim of this study was to survey the prevalence of enteroparasites in children of a creche in the city of Assis-SP, along with educational campaigns on prophylactic methods. Methods – Stool analyses were carried out by using Hoffman, Pons and Janer, and Faust methods. The first analysis was performed on 136 children of the creche. In the second stage of the work, sanitary and prophylactic educational campaigns were conducted among the parents and children of the creche and, after that, there was a second stool collection and analysis. Results - The overall level of parasitosis was 27.9%. There was a higher incidence in the age group of 2-6 year-olds, mainly in the age group of 5 to 6 year-olds. Sanitary and prophylactic educational campaigns were carried out among the parents, staff and children of the creche. In the second collection there was a decrease in incidence of 11.8%. Conclusions - It was concluded that educational campaigns are of great importance, but they need to be integrated into a continuous awareness process in order to control and fight enteroparasitosis.Objetivo - As parasitoses intestinais estão relacionadas às condições sanitárias e as crianças compõem um grupo com elevada frequência de enteroparasitoses. O objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar um levantamento da prevalência de enteroparasitos em alunos de uma creche da cidade de Assis-SP, junto a campanhas educativas sobre métodos de profilaxia. Métodos – A análise das fezes foi realizada pelos métodos de Hoffmann, Pons e Janer e Faust. A primeira análise foi realizada em 136 crianças da creche. Na segunda etapa do trabalho foram realizadas campanhas de educação sanitária e profilática com os pais e com as crianças da creche e posteriormente nova coleta e análise das amostras de fezes. Resultados – O índice de parasitoses geral foi de 27,9%. Verificou-se uma maior incidência na faixa etária de 2 a 6 anos, destacando- se a idade de 5 a 6 anos. Foram realizadas campanhas de educação sanitária e profilática junto aos pais, funcionários e crianças da creche. Na segunda coleta houve uma diminuição na incidência, com 11,8%.Conclusões - Concluiu-se que as campanhas educativas são de grande importância, mas precisam ser integradas a um processo contínuo de educação a fim de controlar e combater as enteroparasitoses.Descritores: enteroparasitoses, creche, profilaxia, campanhas educativas, Assis

Stent grafting of acute hepatic artery bleeding following pancreatic head resection

The purpose of this study was to report the potential of hepatic artery stent grafting in cases of acute hemorrhage of the gastroduodenal artery stump following pancreatic head resection. Five consecutive male patients were treated because of acute, life-threatening massive bleeding. Instead of re-operation, emergency angiography, with the potential of endovascular treatment, was performed. Because of bleeding from the hepatic artery, a stent graft (with the over-the-wire or monorail technique) was implanted to control the hemmorhage by preserving patency of the artery. The outcome was evaluated. In all cases, the hepatic artery stent grafting was successfully performed, and the bleeding was immediately stopped. Clinically, immediately after the procedure, there was an obvious improvement in the general patient condition. There were no immediate procedure-related complications. Completion angiography (n=5) demonstrated control of the hemorrhage and patency of the hepatic artery and the stent graft. Although all patients recovered hemodynamically, three individuals died 2 to 10days after the procedure. The remaining two patients survived, without the need for re-operation. Transluminal stent graft placement in the hepatic artery is a safe and technically feasible solution to control life-threatening bleeding of the gastroduodenal artery stum

Training improves visual processing speed and generalizes to untrained functions

Studies show that manipulating certain training features in perceptual learning determines the specificity of the improvement. The improvement in abnormal visual processing following training and its generalization to visual acuity, as measured on static clinical charts, can be explained by improved sensitivity or processing speed. Crowding, the inability to recognize objects in a clutter, fundamentally limits conscious visual perception. Although it was largely considered absent in the fovea, earlier studies report foveal crowding upon very brief exposures or following spatial manipulations. Here we used GlassesOff's application for iDevices to train foveal vision of young participants. The training was performed at reading distance based on contrast detection tasks under different spatial and temporal constraints using Gabor patches aimed at testing improvement of processing speed. We found several significant improvements in spatio-temporal visual functions including near and also non-trained far distances. A remarkable transfer to visual acuity measured under crowded conditions resulted in reduced processing time of 81 ms, in order to achieve 6/6 acuity. Despite a subtle change in contrast sensitivity, a robust increase in processing speed was found. Thus, enhanced processing speed may lead to overcoming foveal crowding and might be the enabling factor for generalization to other visual functions

PROPOSTA DE ABORDAGEM SOBRE EDUCAÇÃO SEXUAL: O USO DO FILME “QUALQUER GATO VIRA-LATA”.

A educação sexual sempre foi um desafio para a escola. Como discutir um assunto tão polêmico, numa sociedade tão heterogênea? No entanto, é extremamente necessária esta discussão, porque nossos jovens estão à mercê de DSTs, gravidez não planejada, aborto inseguro e sexo coercitivo. O presente trabalho propõe discussão do tema em sala de aula, com o uso do filme “Qualquer gato vira-lata” como gerador e facilitador do debate. O filme sugerido permite uma discussão sobre sexualidade do ponto de vista emocional e social, se diferenciando dos trabalhos feitos normalmente nas escolas, que leva em consideração apenas a parte biológica do assunto