Study the antimicrobial effects of chitosan-based edible film containing the Trachyspermum ammi essential oil on shelf-life of chicken meat

Packaging using chitosan-based edible films incorporated with natural essential oils is a safe and economic way to increase the shelf-life and acceptability of food products and especially chicken meat. Trachyspermum ammi is a natural medicinal plant with high antimicrobial effects cultivated in Iran. The present research was done to study the antimicrobial effects of chitosan-based edible film containing T. ammi essential oil on shelf-life of chicken meat. T. ammi fruits were collected and dried. Essential oil was extracted from plants using the Clevenger’s apparatus. High molecular weight chitosan with 1% and 2% concentrations of T. ammi essential oil were used for coating of chicken fillets. Treatments were stored at 4°C for 12 days. Count of the total aerobic, total psychrophilic and coliform bacteria had ranges of 3.8±0.25 to 8.32±0.26, 4±0.23 to 8.65±0.28 and 1.8±0.09 to 5.62±0.16 CFU/g during the storage period. Antimicrobial effects were significantly increased with the incorporation of T. ammi essential oil (P<0.05). Antimicrobial effects were also depended on the concentration of T. ammi essential oil (P<0.05). Chitosan film incorporated with 2% T. ammi essential oil had the highest inhibitory effects on total aerobic, total psychrophilic and coliform bacteria (P<0.05). Our results pointed out that the incorporation of T. ammi essential oil at 2% concentration has potential for using the developed chitosan edible film as an active packaging of chicken meat

Manipulating the alpha level cannot cure significance testing

We argue that making accept/reject decisions on scientific hypotheses, including a recent call for changing the canonical alpha level from p = 0.05 to p = 0.005, is deleterious for the finding of new discoveries and the progress of science. Given that blanket and variable alpha levels both are problematic, it is sensible to dispense with significance testing altogether. There are alternatives that address study design and sample size much more directly than significance testing does; but none of the statistical tools should be taken as the new magic method giving clear-cut mechanical answers. Inference should not be based on single studies at all, but on cumulative evidence from multiple independent studies. When evaluating the strength of the evidence, we should consider, for example, auxiliary assumptions, the strength of the experimental design, and implications for applications. To boil all this down to a binary decision based on a p-value threshold of 0.05, 0.01, 0.005, or anything else, is not acceptable

Norfloxacin in biological samples using dispersive solid-phase extraction method with 2-aminopyridine/graphene oxide nano-plates

In recent years, drug use is on the rise, causing environmental pollution. Therefore, drug control is a common practice in many laboratories. This project focuses on increasing the method for determining small amounts of norfloxacin in aqueous and biological samples. Solid-phase extraction of small amounts of norfloxacin in aqueous samples using 2-aminopyridine/graphene oxide nano-plates and visible and ultraviolet spectrophotometric measurements are used in biological samples. These systems include two phases, the aqueous donor phase and the acceptor phase of conjugated carbon nanomaterial. Aqueous phase extraction and norfloxacin adsorption were performed in two experimental steps. First, methanol acidic solvent was used and the adsorbed samples were submitted to Vis-UV spectrophotometry for further analysis. Extraction parameters in this method This cheap and simple method is compatible with most tool analysis methods. These parameters include extraction time, adsorption of organic solvent effect, adsorption time, shaking time, the volume of donor phases, and optimized surfactant effect, and analysis and measurement were performed under optimal conditions

Constrained parameter estimation with uncertain priors for Bayesian networks

Contains fulltext : 193794.pdf (publisher's version ) (Open Access

Norfloxacin in Biological Samples Using Dispersive Solid-phase Extraction Method with 2-aminopyridine/graphene Oxide Nano-plates

In recent years, drug use is on the rise, causing environmental pollution. Therefore, drug control is a common practice in many laboratories. This project focuses on increasing the method for determining small amounts of norfloxacin in aqueous and biological samples. Solid-phase extraction of small amounts of norfloxacin in aqueous samples using 2-aminopyridine/graphene oxide nano-plates and visible and ultraviolet spectrophotometric measurements are used in biological samples. These systems include two phases, the aqueous donor phase and the acceptor phase of conjugated carbon nanomaterial. Aqueous phase extraction and norfloxacin adsorption were performed in two experimental steps. First, methanol acidic solvent was used and the adsorbed samples were submitted to Vis-UV spectrophotometry for further analysis. Extraction parameters in this method This cheap and simple method is compatible with most tool analysis methods. These parameters include extraction time, adsorption of organic solvent effect, adsorption time, shaking time, the volume of donor phases, and optimized surfactant effect, and analysis and measurement were performed under optimal conditions

The performance of a new local false discovery rate method on tests of association between coronary artery disease (CAD) and genome-wide genetic variants

The maximum entropy (ME) method is a recently-developed approach for estimating localfalse discovery rates (LFDR) that incorporates external information allowing assignment ofa subset of tests to a category with a different prior probability of following the null hypothesis.Using this ME method, we have reanalyzed the findings from a recent large genomewideassociation study of coronary artery disease (CAD), incorporating biologic annotations.Our revised LFDR estimates show many large reductions in LFDR, particularly among the genetic variants belonging to annotation categories that were known to be of particular interest for CAD. However, among SNPs with rare minor allele frequencies, the reductions in LFDR were modest in size

Preparation of Zinc (II) and Cadmium (II) Complexes of the Tetradentate Schiff Base Ligand 2-((E)-(2-(2-(pyridine-2-yl)- ethylthio)ethylimino)methyl)-4-bromophenol (PytBrsalH)

We describe the synthesis and characterization of two new zinc (II) andcadmium (II) complexes of the tetradentate dissymmetric Schiff base ligand 2-((E)-(2-(2-(pyridine-2-yl)ethylthio)ethylimino)methyl)-4-bromophenol (PytBrsalH), prepared from 1-(2-pyridyl)-3-thia-5-aminopentane (pyta) and 5-bromosalicylaldehyde. The complexeswere synthesized by treating an ethanolic solution of the ligand with equimolar amounts ofappropriate metal salts in 1 M methanolic solution of NaOH or alternatively, by a moredirect route in which the two reactants are added to a solution of the ligand immediatelyafter formation of the latter and prior to any isolation. The complexes were characterizedby elemental analysis, FTIR, 1H-NMR, electronic spectra and molar conductivity.According to obtained data, the probable coordination geometries of zinc and cadmium inthese complexes with mixed N, S and O donor atoms are tetrahedral- and octahedral-like,respectively. Both complexes were found to be 1:1 electrolyte systems in acetonitrile

(PytBrsalH)

molecule

LFDR estimates with the ME method, as a function of the –log(10) of the raw p-values, for all nine SNP annotation categories considered.

<p>LFDR estimates with the ME method, as a function of the –log(10) of the raw p-values, for all nine SNP annotation categories considered.</p