Measurement and comparison of Iron levels and hazard quotient (HQ) on muscle of farmed and marine fishes from Khuzestan, south west of Iran

The aim of this study was to determine the concentration of iron and Hazard quotient (HQ) in muscle of four marine fishes, orange - spotted grouper (Epinephelus coioides), yellow fin sea bream (Acanthopagrus latus), tongue fishes (Cynoglossus arel), silver pomfret (Pampus argenteus) and farmed carp fish, common carp(Cyprinus carpio), grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella), big head carp (Aristichthys nobilis) and silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) from Khuzestan. Farmed fish sample was prepared from the Azadegan warm water fish culture center and marine fish was prepared from fishing ports Bahrkan, Abadan and Bandar Emam. Iron concentration measured by wet digestion and atomic absorption spectrometer Perkin Elmer 4100.The results showed the average of iron level in farmed fish was 17.08± 1.21 mg/kg dry weight and in marine fish was 10.68± 3.66 mg/kg dry weight (p<0.05).The results showed that the highest iron concentrations between farmed fish muscle was on big head carp equal to 18.16mg/kg dry weight and was significantly different (p<0.05) with grass carp and the highest iron concentrations between marine fish muscle was onTongue fishequal to 15.50± 0.50mg/kg dry weight and was significantly different (p<0.05). Average hazard quotient in farmed fish was HQ=0.61and in marine fish was HQ =0.38. Hazard quotientin marine fish were in tongue fish HQ=0.55, yellow fin sea breamHQ =0. 3, Orange - spotted grouper HQ= 0.26 and silver pomfret HQ =0.41 and Hazard quotient in fish were in big head HQ=0.65, common carp HQ =0.63 grass carp HQ= 0.55and silver carp HQ =0.61. Hazard quotient in all samples was less than one and so fish nutrition no risk in terms of the amount of iron in the human body

Efficient generation and sorting of orbital angular momentum eigenmodes of light by thermally tuned q-plates

We present methods for generating and for sorting specific orbital angular momentum (OAM) eigenmodes of a light beam with high efficiency, using a liquid crystal birefringent plate with unit topological charge, known as \qo{q-plate}. The generation efficiency has been optimized by tuning the optical retardation of the q-plate with temperature. The measured OAM $m=\pm2$ eigenmodes generation efficiency from an input TEM$_{00}$ beam was of 97%. Mode sorting of the two input OAM $m=\pm2$ eigenmodes was achieved with an efficiency of 81% and an extinction-ratio (or cross-talk) larger than 4.5:1.Comment: 4 pages, 3 Figures and 1 table. Submitte

Transverse spectral functions and Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interactions in XXZ spin chains

Recently much progress has been made in applying field theory methods, first developed to study X-ray edge singularities, to interacting one dimensional systems in order to include band curvature effects and study edge singularities at arbitrary momentum. Finding experimental confirmations of this theory remains an open challenge. Here we point out that spin chains with uniform Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya (DM) interactions provide an opportunity to test these theories since these interactions may be exactly eliminated by a gauge transformation which shifts the momentum. However, this requires an extension of these X-ray edge methods to the transverse spectral function of the xxz spin chain in a magnetic field, which we provide

A study on the barriers of the implementation of social security act in the area of medical services in Alborz province

In this study, an analytical review was done on the historical process and contexts of welfare system and social security in order to analyze and evaluate the main features of this act especially in the area of medical services. It was also attempted to study the executive barriers of the appropriate implementation of social security act in the area of medical services and present appropriate solutions for the current problems and barriers. According to the status of the obtained data, X 2 test was used to test the research hypotheses and finally all 6 research hypotheses were confirmed. The obtained results showed that different factors of infrastructural, equipment, human, credit, tariff, and governmental involvement are the barriers of the appropriate implementation of social security act and affect their  implementation. Also, the result  of Friedman test showed that governmental  involvement with the mean score of 4/92 is in the first place of the barriers of the implementation of social security act in the area of medical services. Then, credit barriers with the mean score of 4/11 are in the second place and tariff barriers with the mean score of 4/01 are in the third place. Also, equipment barriers with the mean score of 2/86 are in the fourth place. According to the respondents, the barrier of infrastructural factors with the mean score of 2/66 is in the fifth place and finally human barriers with the mean score of 2/45 are in the last place of importance.Keywords: social security, comprehensive system, social security act, barriers of security ac

Hydrodynamic instabilities in gaseous detonations: comparison of Euler, Navier–Stokes, and large-eddy simulation

A large-eddy simulation is conducted to investigate the transient structure of an unstable detonation wave in two dimensions and the evolution of intrinsic hydrodynamic instabilities. The dependency of the detonation structure on the grid resolution is investigated, and the structures obtained by large-eddy simulation are compared with the predictions from solving the Euler and Navier–Stokes equations directly. The results indicate that to predict irregular detonation structures in agreement with experimental observations the vorticity generation and dissipation in small scale structures should be taken into account. Thus, large-eddy simulation with high grid resolution is required. In a low grid resolution scenario, in which numerical diffusion dominates, the structures obtained by solving the Euler or Navier–Stokes equations and large-eddy simulation are qualitatively similar. When high grid resolution is employed, the detonation structures obtained by solving the Euler or Navier–Stokes equations directly are roughly similar yet equally in disagreement with the experimental results. For high grid resolution, only the large-eddy simulation predicts detonation substructures correctly, a fact that is attributed to the increased dissipation provided by the subgrid scale model. Specific to the investigated configuration, major differences are observed in the occurrence of unreacted gas pockets in the high-resolution Euler and Navier–Stokes computations, which appear to be fully combusted when large-eddy simulation is employed

Noise radiated from a periodically stiffened cylindrical shell excited by a turbulent boundary layer

© 2019 Elsevier Ltd This work proposes a semi-analytical method to model the vibroacoustic behavior of submerged cylindrical shells periodically stiffened by axisymmetric frames and excited by a homogeneous and fully developed turbulent boundary layer (TBL). The process requires the computation of the TBL wall-pressure cross spectral density function and the sensitivity functions for stiffened cylindrical shells. The former is deduced from an existent TBL model and the latter are derived from a wavenumber-point reciprocity principle and a spectral formulation of the problem. The stiffeners' dynamic behavior is introduced in the formulation through circumferential admittances that are computed by a standard finite element code using shell elements. Four degrees of freedom are taken into account for the coupling between the shell and the stiffeners: three translation directions and one tangential rotation. To investigate the effect of the stiffeners on the radiated noise, two case studies are considered. The first one examines a fluid-loaded cylindrical shell with regularly spaced simple supports. The influence of Bloch-Floquet waves and the support spacing on the noise radiation are highlighted. The second case study inspects the fluid-loaded cylindrical shell with two different periodic ring stiffeners, namely stiffeners with T-shaped and I-shaped cross-sections. Their influence on the vibroacoustics of the shell is thoroughly analyzed

Antimicrobial resistance profile and presence of class I integrongs among Salmonella enterica serovars isolated from human clinical specimens in Tehran, Iran

International audienceBACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Salmonella is one of the leading causes of food-borne diseases. Increasing occurrence of antimicrobial resistance, especially multidrug-resistance, in Salmonella serovars is a major public health problem worldwide. This study was carried out to detect class I integrons and antibiotic resistance profiles in clinical isolates of Salmonella serovars collected from seven hospitals in Tehran during November 2009 to June 2010. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Antibiotic susceptibility profile of 19 antibiotics against 58 Salmonella isolates commonly used in humans was determined using disk diffusion assay. Minimum inhibitory concentration against ceftriaxone and ciprofloxacin was studied. PCR assays were used to detect class I integrons. RESULTS: Among 58 Salmonella isolates, 72.4% were Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis, 8.7% were Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium and 18.9% were other serovars. Of the total 58 Salmonella serovars, 43 (74.1%) were multidrug-resistant and showed resistance to three or more antibiotic families. Class I integrons were identified in 38 (88.3%) MDR Salmonella isolates. Ciprofloxacin minimum inhibitory concentration ranged between 0.125-2 g/ml for four isolates and other four isolates exhibited resistance to ceftriaxone (MIC 64-256 g /ml). CONCLUSION: The high prevalence of class I integrons was seen in our MDR Salmonella isolates and class I integrons might play an important role in the dissemination of antimicrobial resistance determinants

A unified cluster expansion method applied to the configurational thermodynamics of cubic TiAlN

We study the thermodynamics of cubic Ti1-xAlxN using a unified cluster expansion approach for the alloy problem. The purely configurational part of the alloy Hamiltonian is expanded in terms of concentration and volume dependent effective cluster interactions. By separate expansions of the chemical fixed-lattice, and local lattice relaxation terms of the ordering energies, we demonstrate how the screened generalized perturbation method can be fruitfully combined with a concentration dependent Connolly-Williams cluster expansion method. Utilising the obtained Hamiltonian in Monte Carlo simulations we access the free energy of Ti1-xAlxN alloys and construct the isostructural phase diagram. The results show surprising similarities with the previously obtained mean-field results: The metastable c-TiAlN is subject to coherent spinodal decomposition over a larger part of the concentration range, e.g. from x >= 0.33 at 2000 K.Comment: 21 pages, 7 figure

Smart integrated adaptive centralized controller for islanded microgrids under minimized load shedding

In this paper, a smart integrated adaptive centralized controller is proposed for monitoring and controlling integrated renewable energy sources (RESs), both for intentional and unintentional islanding modes of operation for microgrids, as well as, for a variable range of transient load shedding and fault scenarios corresponding to electrical power system outages. It is demonstrated that the proposed smart adaptive controller is capable of instructing fast frequency response by proper coordination of the dispatch of RESs units such as, mini-hydro, Photovoltaic (PV), Battery Energy Storage System (BESS) and standby diesel generators. In particular, the BESS used as power reserve, at the early stage of fault events can prevent detrimental and uncontrollable system frequency decline and the extent of load shedding. In summary, the performance of a centralized controller in terms of a fast frequency response recovery feature is validated for an actual microgrid distribution network of Malaysia. The demonstration of this intelligent control scheme highlights the advantage of utilizing the fast power recovery response of energy storage and standby generator, which fulfil the criteria for minimal load shedding from the main grid, during the unintentional microgrid islanding conditions