Extended reach well drilling : master’s thesis

Temeljna svrha izrade horizontalnih (vodoravnih) bušotina, tj. bušotina kojima proizvodni dio kanala zauzima horizontalan položaj u prostoru, jest povećanje dodira kanala bušotine s ležištima nafte i/ili plina, te na taj način povećavanja proizvodnosti tih bušotina. Izrada bušotina velikog dosega postao je čest način izrade bušotine koji omogućava ekonomičan pristup rezervama koje su prethodno bile izvan dohvata, uz postojeću infrastrukturu, i smanjuje utjecaj proizvodnih postrojenja na okoliš. Većina horizontalnih bušotina izrađuju se zbog razrade raspucanih stijena u ležištu, ležišta s potencijalnim problemima konusiranja vode i/ili plina te ležišta s proizvodnim naslagama male debljine. U radu su prikazani primjeri izrade horizontalnih bušotina velikog dosega, oprema koja je pri tom korištena, te problemi koji se javljaju prilikom izrade ovakvih bušotina.Abstract: The main purpose of drilling horizontal wells i.e. wells who's production comes from the horizontal section , it enhances the wellbore kontakt with the reservoir containing oil and/or gas, and by that increasing the production of these wells. Extended-reach drilling (ERD) has become a common means to access reserves economically from existing infrastructure, that were previously out of reach, and reduce the environmental footprint of production facilities. Most of the horizontal wells are drilled to develope the cracked rocks in the reservoir, reservoirs with potential water coning problems and reservoirs with small reservoir production thickness. The paper presents examples of extended reach wells, equipment that was used to drill, and the problems that occur when drilling such wells

Extended reach well drilling : master’s thesis

Temeljna svrha izrade horizontalnih (vodoravnih) bušotina, tj. bušotina kojima proizvodni dio kanala zauzima horizontalan položaj u prostoru, jest povećanje dodira kanala bušotine s ležištima nafte i/ili plina, te na taj način povećavanja proizvodnosti tih bušotina. Izrada bušotina velikog dosega postao je čest način izrade bušotine koji omogućava ekonomičan pristup rezervama koje su prethodno bile izvan dohvata, uz postojeću infrastrukturu, i smanjuje utjecaj proizvodnih postrojenja na okoliš. Većina horizontalnih bušotina izrađuju se zbog razrade raspucanih stijena u ležištu, ležišta s potencijalnim problemima konusiranja vode i/ili plina te ležišta s proizvodnim naslagama male debljine. U radu su prikazani primjeri izrade horizontalnih bušotina velikog dosega, oprema koja je pri tom korištena, te problemi koji se javljaju prilikom izrade ovakvih bušotina.Abstract: The main purpose of drilling horizontal wells i.e. wells who's production comes from the horizontal section , it enhances the wellbore kontakt with the reservoir containing oil and/or gas, and by that increasing the production of these wells. Extended-reach drilling (ERD) has become a common means to access reserves economically from existing infrastructure, that were previously out of reach, and reduce the environmental footprint of production facilities. Most of the horizontal wells are drilled to develope the cracked rocks in the reservoir, reservoirs with potential water coning problems and reservoirs with small reservoir production thickness. The paper presents examples of extended reach wells, equipment that was used to drill, and the problems that occur when drilling such wells

Season of the year influences infection rates following total hip arthroplasty

To research the influence of season of the year on periprosthetic joint infections. METHODS We conducted a retrospective review of the entire Medicare files from 2005 to 2014. Seasons were classified as spring, summer, fall or winter. Regional variations were accounted for by dividing patients into four geographic regions as per the United States Census Bureau (Northeast, Midwest, West and South). Acute postoperative infection and deep periprosthetic infections within 90 d after surgery were tracked. RESULTS In all regions, winter had the highest incidence of periprosthetic infections (mean 0.98%, SD 0.1%) and was significantly higher than other seasons in the Midwest, South and West (P \u3c 0.05 for all) but not the Northeast (P = 0.358). Acute postoperative infection rates were more frequent in the summer and were significantly affected by season of the year in the West. CONCLUSION Season of the year is a risk factor for periprosthetic joint infection following total hip arthroplasty (THA). Understanding the influence of season on outcomes following THA is essential when risk-stratifying patients to optimize outcomes and reduce episode of care costs. © The Author(s) 2017

Bioremedijacija zauljenog otpada iz procesa naftnog rudarstva

Tijekom aktivnosti procesa istraživanja i eksploatacije ugljikovodika moguće je zagađenje okoliša uslijed nastanka otpada i pojave izvanrednih događaja koji za posljedicu imaju istjecanje ugljikovodika. Radi izbjegavanja štetnih utjecaja na okoliš kompanije poštuju stroge standarde i implementiraju odgovarajuće mjere za sprječavanje ili smanjenje štetnog djelovanja otpada na okoliš. Na današnjem stupnju razvoja naftne kompanije primjenjuju različite metode obrade zauljenog otpada (talozi iz naftnih spremnika, tlo onečišćeno ugljikovodicima, otpadna uljna isplaka i sl.), a jedna od njih je i bioremedijacija. Pri obradi otpada onečišćenog ugljikovodicima procesom bioremediacije koriste se mikroorganizmi, gnojivo, oksidanti te različiti aditivi u cilju smanjenja ukupnog sadržaja ugljikovodika. Bioremedijacija je relativno spor proces, zahtjeva velike površine zemljišta, često provođenje testova i analiza kako bi se postigao željeni rezultat, odnosno zauljeni otpad pretvorio u koristan proizvod, neopasan za okoliš. Uspješnost procesa bioremedijacije ovisi o različitim parametrima, kao što su sadržaj vode u tlu, koncentracija kisika, temperatura tla te sposobnost biološke degradacije pojedinih komponenti otpada. U radu su prikazani primjeri i rezultati terenske primjene obrade zauljenog otpada i otpadne isplake postupkom bioremedijacije

Extended reach well drilling : master’s thesis

Temeljna svrha izrade horizontalnih (vodoravnih) bušotina, tj. bušotina kojima proizvodni dio kanala zauzima horizontalan položaj u prostoru, jest povećanje dodira kanala bušotine s ležištima nafte i/ili plina, te na taj način povećavanja proizvodnosti tih bušotina. Izrada bušotina velikog dosega postao je čest način izrade bušotine koji omogućava ekonomičan pristup rezervama koje su prethodno bile izvan dohvata, uz postojeću infrastrukturu, i smanjuje utjecaj proizvodnih postrojenja na okoliš. Većina horizontalnih bušotina izrađuju se zbog razrade raspucanih stijena u ležištu, ležišta s potencijalnim problemima konusiranja vode i/ili plina te ležišta s proizvodnim naslagama male debljine. U radu su prikazani primjeri izrade horizontalnih bušotina velikog dosega, oprema koja je pri tom korištena, te problemi koji se javljaju prilikom izrade ovakvih bušotina.Abstract: The main purpose of drilling horizontal wells i.e. wells who's production comes from the horizontal section , it enhances the wellbore kontakt with the reservoir containing oil and/or gas, and by that increasing the production of these wells. Extended-reach drilling (ERD) has become a common means to access reserves economically from existing infrastructure, that were previously out of reach, and reduce the environmental footprint of production facilities. Most of the horizontal wells are drilled to develope the cracked rocks in the reservoir, reservoirs with potential water coning problems and reservoirs with small reservoir production thickness. The paper presents examples of extended reach wells, equipment that was used to drill, and the problems that occur when drilling such wells

Clinical and radiographic outcomes of total hip replacement with a 3-part metaphyseal osseointegrated titanium alloy stem enhanced with low plasticity burnishing: a mean 5-year follow-up study

This study evaluates midterm results of a 3-part titanium alloy stem with metaphyseal fixation and a neck-metaphyseal taper junction strengthened with low plasticity burnishing (LPB). Our hypothesis is that this multimodular implant with LPB succeeds in offering the advantages of three-part modularity without junctional failure. Twenty-eight of 32 complex primary (n = 9) and revision (n = 9) total hip arthroplasties were accounted for with minimum 2-year follow-up. Clinical and radiographic data were reviewed at a mean follow-up period of 60 months. One stem, removed for failure to osseointegrate, was submitted for sectioning and taper examination. There were no modular junction failures despite body mass indices of 20 to 40 and offsets of 34 to 47 mms. Implant survival was 96.3%, with one removal due to aseptic loosening in a patient with chronic renal failure. Taper analyses of the removed implant showed minimal damage. Preoperative and postoperative Harris Hip Scores and Oxford Hip Scores were 20 to 86 and 16 to 41, respectively. Patient satisfaction was 9.7/10. Radiographs showed stem subsidence >2 mm and radiolucencies around the metaphyseal cone only in the hip requiring implant removal. This 3-part titanium alloy modular stem with LPB of the neck-metaphyseal taper junction showed good functional and radiographic results at a mean 5 years without junctional failures. Although this follow-up exceeds previously published reports, longer follow-up will be important to confirm our confidence in the additional strengthening provided by LPB

Tibial tubercle fractures in adolescents: a review of the literature

Treatment of tibial tubercle fractures in adolescents produce good clinical and radiographic results, regardless of the type of fracture. There is a tendency of fractures with intraarticular involvement or a posterior metaphyseal component to have high complication rates and associated injuries, which may warrant advanced imaging or arthroscopic evaluation. Complications appear to be more common than expected but without a significant effect on final outcome

Diaphyseal Tibial Soft-Tissue Mass After Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Case Report

A 64-year-old woman had undergone bilateral total knee arthroplasty in 1998. In 2010, she presented with a large, painless, diaphyseal soft-tissue mass of the lower leg. She indicated that she had no history of knee pain, trauma, or infection. Ultimately, the mass was found to be a synovial fluid-filled cyst that communicated with the knee joint, which was a result of severe osteolysis. Large diaphyseal tibial masses in the presence of total knee arthroplasty should raise a high index of suspicion not only for tumors and infections, but also for severe osteolysis. Knowledge of the various ways that osteolysis can present as well as an appropriate workup will help to guide diagnosis and management

Extended-Reach Drilling (ERD)—The Main Problems and Current Achievements

With the development of different segments within the drilling technology in the last three decades, well drilling has become possible in harsh downhole conditions. The vertical well provides access to oil and gas reserves located at a certain depth directly below the wellsite, and a large number of vertical wells are required for the exploitation of hydrocarbons from spatially expanded deposits. However, the borehole can deviate from the vertical well, which means that the target zone can be reached by a horizontal directional well. With this type of well, especially in the case of drilling an extended-reach well (ERW), the length of the wellbore in contact with the reservoir and/or several separate reservoirs is significantly increased, therefore, it is a much better option for the later production phase. Unfortunately, the application of extended-reach drilling (ERD technology), with all of its advantages, can cause different drilling problems mostly related to the increased torque, drag, hole cleaning and equivalent circulation density (ECD), as well as to an increase in the well price. Overcoming these problems requires continuous operational change to enable operators to address downhole challenges. Today, the longest well reaches 15,240 m (50,000 ft), which raises the question of the technological and economic feasibility of this type of drilling project, especially with the lower oil price on the energy market. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of extended-reach drilling technology, discusses the main problems and analyzes current achievements