A sectorial scheme of gate-all-around field effect transistor with improved electrical characteristics

Reliability and controllability for a new scheme of gate-all-around field effect transistor (GAA-FET) with a silicon channel utilizing a sectorial cross section is evaluated in terms of Ion/Ioff current ratio, transconductance, subthreshold slope, threshold voltage roll-off, and drain induced barrier lowering (DIBL). In addition, the scaling behavior of electronic figures of merit is comprehensively studied with the aid of physical simulations. The electrical characteristic of proposed structure is compared with a circular GAA-FET, which is previously calibrated with an IBM sample at the 22 nm channel length using 3D-TCAD simulations. Our simulation results show that sectorial cross section GAA-FET is a superior structure for controlling short channel effects (SCEs) and to obtain better performance compared to conventional circular cross section counterpart

Implicit Theories of Leadership and Followership: A Qualitative Exploration of Research Gaps and Directions for Future Research

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to identify research gaps and provide an integrative and comprehensive review related to implicit leadership theory (ILTs) and implicit followership theory (IFTs) in the last five years. Design/ methodology/ approach: Using a qualitative systematic review and the content analysis method, we analyzed, summarized, and categorized articles’ recommendations to provide a comprehensive perspective of research gaps and directions for future studies. Findings: Through analyzing 45 articles published in 2016-2021, firstly, we clarified the distinction between empirical and theoretical articles. In addition, the results of ILTs and IFTs research gaps were reported in four main categories including antecedents, consequences, measurement development, and content and structure of ILTs and IFTs. Finally, we offered many suggestions and directions for future research based on the research gaps we identified. Originality/ value: the growing interest in ILTs and IFTs as two of the most absorbing topics in leadership literature has led to the accumulation and dispersal of knowledge. This, in turn, prevents scholars to obtain a holistic and clear approach to theory development and related research gaps. To address the lack of coherence and clarity about ILTs and IFTs research gaps, we provide an integrative and comprehensive review of related research gaps in order to create a framework for future studies

Cultural Differences in Writing English Native and Non-Native Acknowledgment texts: A Contrastive Study

This study investigates the similarities and differences in different cultures between English natives and non-natives speakers in writing acknowledgments. Six major sections of acknowledgments in both English natives and non-natives were examined. Forty- three dissertations and books from different fields, 11 by English natives and 32 by non-natives including Iranians (Fourteen written by Iranians, seven in English and seven in Persian) were analyzed in percentages, and the quantitative results of the analysis were examined statistically. The results showed that the cultural origins and the teamwork had the most differences. There was the least gap due to supervisor and advisor, and the most gaps were seen between writing acknowledgments of natives and non-natives, which were due to family and God. The average of word counts of natives and non-natives writings came to a great similarity

The Investigation of Instrumental Compounds in Persian: A Cognitive Morphology Approach

AbstractRegarding the productivity of compounding as an active word formation process in Persian, which is considered as a salient typological property, and on the other hand, an outstanding part of many Persian words are dedicated to these items. Therefore, in the present research the authors attempt to study one kind of these forms called the instrumental compounds in Persian, using the achievements of cognitive morphology such as categorization theory, conceptualization and configuration which are theoretical fundamentals of this approach developed by Hamawand (2011). Eventually, the authors attempt to introduce the cognitive potentials contributing to the formation and usage of these forms. Moreover, they examine the semantic constraints, which are dominant on such compounds

Optoelectronic nociceptive sensors based on heterostructured semiconductor films

A visible light optical nociceptive sensor was developed based on the heterostructured plasmonic Au/G2O3/TiO2 semiconductor films. The incorporation of nitrogen atoms and the following phase transformation of G2O3 ultra-thin film during rapid thermal annealing enabled the nociceptive characteristics in heterostructured G2O3/TiO2 plasmonic visible light sensor. The fabricated nociceptor showed the post-synaptic current, nociceptive threshold and non-adaption modes in normal states

Metal/semiconductor hetero-interface engineering for photocurrent controlling in plasmonic photodetectors

The heterointerface engineering at metal/semiconductor (MS) hetero-interfaces in Au/Ga2O3/TiO2 plasmonic photosensors enabled the modulation of charge transfer and photoconductance of detectors for adaptive perception of visible optical lights. The photoconductance at heterointerface between plasmonic Au antenna and main TiO2 semiconductor was modulated by deposition of ultra-thin Ga2O3 film at the Au/TiO2 hetero-interface. The fast and improved photoresponsivity were achieved by the surface functionalization of Au plasmonic antenna with N2 doped Ga2O3 ultra-thin film

The Effect of Computer Assisted Language Learning (CALL) Program on Learning Vocabulary among EFL Left and Right Hemispheric Dominant Learners

Vocabulary is a core component of language proficiency, and provides much of the basis for how well learners speak, listen, read, and write. Without  an extensive vocabulary and strategies  for acquiring new vocabulary, learners often achieve less than their potential and may be discouraged from making use  of  language learning  opportunities around them  such  as  listening  to  the radio, listening to native  speakers,  using  the  language  in  different  contexts,  reading  or  watching  television. CALL refers to the use of computer in the teaching and learning of a second or foreign language. The field of CALL includes the use of a computer in the language process. CALL programs aims to teach students in aspects of the language learning process via the medium of computers. Unfortunately, in Iran, textbook writers and syllabus designers have paid less attention to the role played by the CALL in classrooms. Teaching is not supplemented with modern technologies, specially CALL in teaching English. The use of Computer Assisted Language Learning (CALL) in the field of education has increased remarkably in recent years due to the modern changes in language software. However, CALL is not widely employed in the field of second/foreign (L2) language learning in Iran.  Interested in the application of CALL,  this  study  examines  two  methods  of  vocabulary  teaching/learning  (CALL-based  versus  non-CALL based). For this purpose, 38 male and 48 female elementary Iranian EFL learners participate in the study. They are randomly assigned into CALL-users   and non-CALL users and posttest control group design is employed.  To  collect data,  a proficiency  test will be used to homogenize the participants and  a multiple-choice vocabulary test  will be  used  as  posttests  to  find  out  the  effectiveness  of  the  methods. Finally, The results of  t-tests and the  pedagogical implications  of  this  study  for  L2  teachers  and learners will be presented