5 research outputs found

    Microsatellite DNA instability in allergic rhinitis, bronchial astha and COPD: comparison between the upper and lower respiratory tract

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    Microsatellite DNA also known as simple sequence repeats, are iterations of 1-6 bp nucleotide motifs. They are present in both coding and non-coding regions of the chromosome. They constitute a large fraction of non-coding DNA. Recently DNA mismatch repair system (MMR) has been investigated in molecular medicine microsatellite DNA alterations are considered as indicating an ineffective MMR system. Microsatellite (MS) loss of heterozygosity (LOH) and microsatellite instability (MSI) have been reported. In a number of human malignancies LOH and MSI have seen been reported in various benign diseases including asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, sarcoidosis and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Genetic alterations at the MS level could be used as a genetic screening tool in molecular epidemiology allowing genes that may play a key role in the pathogenesis of these diseases. The aim of this study was to assess the presence of MSI and/or LOH in nasal cytologic samples of patients with allergic rhinitis (AR), bronchial asthma and COPD nasal brush samples and peripheral blood were obtained from 20 patients with allergic rhinitis, 20 patients with COPD and 8 healthy adults (control group). In addition sputum samples were obtained by induction from the COPD Group DNA was extracted and analyzed for MSI and LOH using 6 markers in the allergic rhinitis group and 9 markers in the COPD group. No MSI and/or LOH were noted in the AR or the control group, no MSI was detected in the nasal cytological samples of the COPD patients MSI was detected in the sputum samples of 7 patients with COPD (35%). These results suggest that although MSI and LOH are detectable phenomena in sputum not to be the case for nasal cytologic samples of patients with AR. Furthermore MSI probably is a specific finding for the target organ of COPD i.e. the lungs despite the fact that inflammation coexists in the nasal mucosa of COPD patients.Το μικροδορυφορικό DNA αποτελείται από βραχείες διαδοχικά επαναλαμβανόμενες νουκλεοτιδικές αλληλουχίες χωρίς κωδικοποιητική λειτουργία. Ο σχεδιασμός γενετικών δεικτών, όπως είναι οι δείκτες για το μικροδορυφορικό DNA, παρέχει τη δυνατότητα έρευνας σε ολόκληρο το γονιδίωμα για ανεύρεση αστάθειας καθώς και συσχετίσεων της αστάθειας με την εμφάνιση παθολογικών καταστάσεων σε πληθυσμούς ατόμων υπό έλεγχο. Με τον τρόπο αυτό είναι δυνατόν να αποκαλυφθούν χρωμοσωμικές περιοχές στις οποίες ανιχνεύεται αστάθεια του μικροδορυφορικού DNA και οι οποίες πιθανόν να γειτονεύουν με γονίδια τα οποία εμπλέκονται στην εμφάνιση νοσημάτων. Το φαινόμενο της αστάθειας του μικροδορυφορικού DNA αντικατοπτρίζει άμεσα τις διαταραχές του μηχανισμού αποκατάστασης των λαθών κατά την αντιγραφή του DNA και έχει συνδεθεί με υψηλό δείκτη μεταλλάξεων. Η αστάθεια μικροδορυφορικού DNA αρχικά παρατηρήθηκε στον καρκίνο του παχέος εντέρου και στη συνέχεια στους περισσότερους καρκίνους αλλά και σε χρόνια νοσήματα που δεν σχετίζονται με καρκίνο, όπως η ΧΑΠ, το βρογχικό άσμα, η σαρκοείδωση και η ιδιοπαθής πνευμονική ίνωση. Σκοπός της μελέτης ήταν η διερεύνηση και σύγκριση της αστάθειας του μικροδορυφορικού DNA σε κυτταρολογικά δείγματα του ανώτερου και κατώτερου αναπνευστικού ασθενών με αλλεργική ρινίτιδα, με ή χωρίς συνύπαρξη βρογχικού άσθματος καθώς και σε ασθενείς με ΧΑΠ. Μελετήθηκαν 20 ασθενείς με αλλεργική ρινίτιδα, 20 ασθενείς με ΧΑΠ και ομάδα ελέγχου από 8 υγιείς ενήλικες. Στην ομάδα της αλλεργικής ρινίτιδας τα αποτελέσματα δεν ανέδειξαν αλλοιώσεις σε επίπεδο μικροδορυφορικού DNA, σε έξι (6) δείκτες. Στην ομάδα της ΧΑΠ, χρησιμοποιήθηκαν εννέα (9) δείκτες και ενώ ανευρέθηκε αστάθεια μικροδορυφορικού DNA στα πτύελα 7 ασθενών (35%) αντίθετα δεν ανευρέθηκαν αλλοιώσεις μικροδορυφορικού DNA στα ρινικά δείγματα των ίδιων ασθενών. Επιπλέον δεν βρέθηκαν αλλοιώσεις σε κανένα δείγμα από την ομάδα ελέγχου αν και η αστάθεια μικροδορυφορικού DNA έχει ανιχνευθεί σε πτύελα ασθενών με άσθμα. Ωστόσο στην παρούσα μελέτη δεν εντοπίστηκε σε ρινικά δείγματα ασθενών με αλλεργική ρινίτιδα. Επιπλέον στην ομάδα της ΧΑΠ τα αποτελέσματα επιβεβαίωσαν την εμφάνιση αστάθειας στα πτύελα όμως ήταν αρνητικά για τον ρινικό βλεννογόνο υποδεικνύοντας ότι η αστάθεια του μικροδορυφορικού DNA είναι ειδικό εύρημα για τον ιστό-στόχο της νόσου δηλαδή τους πνεύμονες

    Mutational Analysis Mapping on The Molecular Structure of The ACVRL1 Protein and Implications For Rendu-Osler-Weber (ROW)

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    About 80% of Rendu-OslerndashWeber (ROW) patients carry mutations in endoglin (ENG) or activin receptor-like kinase1 (ACVRL1 ALK1) genes. In order to investigate the molecular mechanisms that govern the pathogenic effect of the mutations in ACVRL1, we have collected and analyzed the mutational effect of over 80 different predominant mutations, as well as their location, on the 3D molecular structures of N- and C-terminal domains of ACVRL1. We have used macromolecular modeling on the protein structural components of ACVLR1 and structural component interface analysis to locate position and interaction of point mutations. Specific mutations were identified using genomic DNA sequencing from blood leucocytes. Out of the 151 point mutations reported for the ALK1 gene, the majority are located on the surface of the ARD and PK structural domains, with some on the interaction interface. New observed mutation Cys90Phe found in two Cretan ROW patients, located on loop F4 of ARD, introduces conformational steric hindrance and disruption of stability. We have mapped point mutations on the structural domains of ACVLR1, correlating location and severity of ROW. In addition, we report the identification and location of a novel missense mutation, Cys90Phe, which has not yet been described. It is identified in a Cretan ROW patient, and associated with severe clinical appearance according to the Curacao criteria

    In-depth analysis and evaluation of diffusive glioma models

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    Summarization: Glioma is one of the most aggressive types of brain tumor. Several mathematical models have been developed during the past two decades, toward simulating the mechanisms that govern the development of glioma. The most common models use the diffusion-reaction equation (DRE) for simulating the spatiotemporal variation of tumor cell concentration. Nevertheless, despite the applications presented, there has been little work on studying the details of the mathematical solution and implementation of the 3-D diffusion model and presenting a qualitative analysis of the algorithmic results. This paper presents a complete mathematical framework on the solution of the DRE using different numerical schemes. This framework takes into account all characteristics of the latest models, such as brain tissue heterogeneity, anisotropic tumor cell migration, chemotherapy, and resection modeling. The different numerical schemes presented have been evaluated based upon the degree to which the DRE exact solution is approximated. Experiments have been conducted both on real datasets and a test case for which there is a known algebraic expression of the solution. Thus, it is possible to calculate the accuracy of the different models.Presented on: IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicin

    The mathematical path to develop a heterogeneous, anisotropic and 3-dimensional glioma model using finite differences

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    Summarization: Several mathematical models have been developed to express glioma growth behavior. The most successful models have used the diffusion-reaction equation, with the most recent ones taking into account spatial heterogeneity and anisotropy. However, to the best of our knowledge, there hasn't been any work studying in detail the mathematical solution and implementation of the 3D diffusion model, addressing all related heterogeneity and anisotropy issues. This paper presents a complete mathematical framework on how to derive the solution of the equation using different numerical schemes of finite differences. Moreover, the derived mathematics can be customized to incorporate various cell proliferation schemes. Lastly, a comparative study of the numerical scheme helps us select the best of them and then apply it to real clinical data.Presented on
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