Remainders and Connectedness of Ordered Compactifications

The aim of this thesis is to establish the principal properties for the theory of ordered compactifications relating to connectedness and to provide particular examples. The initial idea of this subject is based on the notion of the Stone-Cech compactification.The ordered Stone-Cech compactification oX of an ordered topological space X is constructed analogously to the Stone-Cech compactification X of a topological space X, and has similar properties. This technique requires a conceptual understanding of the Stone-Cech compactification and how its product applies to the construction of ordered topological spaces with continuous increasing functions. Chapter 1 introduces background information. Chapter 2 addresses connectedness and compactification. If (A;B) is a separation ofa topological space X, then (A 8 B) = A 8 B, but in the ordered setting, o(A 8 B)need not be oA 8 oB. We give an additional hypothesis on the separation (A;B) tomake o(A 8 B) = oA 8 oB. An open question in topology is when is X -X = X. Weanswer the analogous question for ordered compactifications of totally ordered spaces. So, we are concerned with the remainder, that is, the set of added points oX -X. Wedemonstrate the topological properties by using lters. Moreover, results of lattice theory turn out to be some of the basic tools in our original approach. In Chapter 3, specific examples and counterexamples are given to illustrate earlierresults

Angiographic assessment of variants of basal vein of Rosenthal in idiopathic subarachnoid hemorrhage

Previous studies have reported the possible contribution of a primitive variant of the basal vein of Rosenthal (BVR) in the cause of idiopathic subarachnoid hemorrhage (ISAH). The purpose of this study was to assess the drainage patterns of the BVR among ISAH patients. The venous phase at cerebral angiography was retrospectively analyzed in 19 patients with ISAH and then compared with patients with unruptured aneurysms as controls. A relationship was found between ISAH and the presence of a primitive variant. However, the venous configuration effect on bleeding is still unknown

Coronary artery fistula: Review of 54 cases from single center experience

Background: Demographic and clinical characteristics and angiographic findings of Turkish patients with coronary artery fistula have been investigated in this study and diagnostic tests and treatment methods used in these patients have also been evaluated in detail. Methods: We have examined the cardiac catheterization laboratory database retrospectively between March 2006 and July 2010. Among 49,567 patients, we have noted 60 patients diagnosed as coronary artery fistula. After coronary angiographic images were evaluated by two invasive cardiologists, 54 patients who had clear evidence of vessel of origin and drainage were included in the study. Results: A total of 54 (0.1%) patients with coronary artery fistula were noted. Mean age was 56.7 ± 10.7 years; 42 out of 54 patients had accompanying cardiac disorders. Patients’ complaints were directly associated with the presence of the fistula. Chest pain was the admission symptom in all of the patients with isolated coronary artery fistula. Six patients had coexistent congenital anomalies. Myocardial infarction with ST segment elevation occurred in 11 of the patients. In contrast to the previous reports, the most common artery of origin of the fistula was left anterior descending artery (50.8%) and pulmonary artery was found to be the most frequent region of the fistula drainage by 53.7%. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that large fistulas originating from the proximal segments of coronary arteries may increase the likelihood of atherosclerosis and myocardial infarction even in asymptomatic patients with no evidence of ischemia in noninvasive tests and no dilatation of cardiac chambers, and should therefore be closed

One-Parameter Deformations of the Bowen-Series Map Associated to Cocompact Triangle Groups

In 1979, for each signature for Fuchsian groups of the first kind, Bowen and Series constructed an explicit fundamental domain for one group of the signature, and from this a function on the unit circle tightly associated with this group. In general, their fundamental domain enjoys what has since been called the 'extension property'. We determine the exact set of signatures for cocompact triangle groups for which this extension property can hold for any convex fundamental domain, and verify that for this restricted set, the Bowen-Series fundamental domain does have the property. To each Bowen-Series function in this corrected setting, we naturally associate four one-parameter deformation families of circle functions. We show that each of these functions is aperiodic if and only if it is surjective; and, is finite Markov if and only if its natural parameter is a hyperbolic fixed point of the triangle group at hand. Furthermore, we show that the topological entropy is constant on the Markov, aperiodic members of each one-parameter deformation family and is equal to that of the Bowen-Series function. Finally, we prove that there exist functions in the one-parameter deformation family that are not orbit equivalent to the action of the group on the unit circle

Effect of topical fluoride applications on residual monomer release from resin-based restorative materials

© 2023, The Author(s).Background: The effects of topical fluoride applications on the release of monomer ingredients from resin-based dental materials by immersion in various extraction solutions are unclear. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of topical fluorides (APF and NaF) on the elution of residual monomers (Bis-GMA, TEGDMA, UDMA, and HEMA) from resin-based materials. Methods: Ninety specimens were prepared, 30 bulk-fill composite resin, 30 nanohybrid universal composite resin, and 30 polyacid-modified composite resin (compomer). These were randomly divided into three groups based on fluoride application procedures. Each specimen was kept in 75% ethanol solution, and residual monomers released from materials were analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) after 10 min, 1 h, 24 h, and 30 days. The groups were compared using the Mann Whitney U and Kruskal Wallis tests. Measurements were analyzed using the Friedman and Wilcoxon signed-rank tests. Results: Fluoride applications generally had no considerable effect on the amount of residual monomer released from resin-based restorative materials. The amount of monomer release after topical APF application was similar to the release in the control group and was lower than the release in the NaF group. The release of monomers from the resin-based material used in the study did not approach toxic levels at the applied time intervals. The compomer released lower amounts of monomer than other resin-based materials. Conclusions: Fluoride applications do not increase monomer release from resin-based restorative materials. However, compomers should be employed by clinicians due to their lower monomer release compared to other resin restorative materials. The release of monomers from all the resin-based materials did not approach toxic levels at the applied time intervals

So-haTRed: A Novel Hybrid System for Turkish Hate Speech Detection in Social Media With Ensemble Deep Learning Improved by BERT and Clustered-Graph Networks

Hate speech on online platforms, characterized by discriminatory language targeting individuals or groups, poses significant harm and necessitates robust detection methods for digital safety. Recognizing the ease with which individuals can engage in such speech online, our study delved into detecting Turkish hate speech using deep learning algorithms and natural language processing techniques. We developed innovative methodologies, including a k-means+textGCN classifier with BERT, which marked the first such attempt in the literature, and explored multiple vector representation techniques such as Term Frequency, Word2Vec, Doc2Vec, and GloVe. Additionally, we investigated various learning algorithms and natural language processing techniques, conducting thorough evaluations on three distinct Turkish hate speech datasets. Notably, our newly presented algorithm exhibited superior performance, achieving an impressive F1-score of 87.81% on the 9K dataset, showcasing advancements in hate speech detection and contributing to a safer online environment

Isolation of Shewanella putrefaciens from Goldfish (Carassius auratus auratus)

In the present study, the etiological agent that caused mortality in goldfish at an aquarium company located in Bursa in northwestern Turkey was identified. Diseased fish were lethargic, displaying a loss of appetite, ascites, and exophthalmia. Internal examination revealed that the kidney was surrounded by exudate and that the spleen and liver were pale. Microbiological examination showed that the kidney, spleen, and liver were infected by gram-negative, cytochrome oxidase, catalase, and H2S positive rod-shaped bacteria identified as Shewanella putrefaciens. Identification of the bacteria was confirmed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Histopathological examination of the kidney, spleen, and liver revealed necrosis in kidney tubules and the presence of hepatocytes and hemosiderin in melanomacrophages. According to the disk diffusion method, isolates were sensitive to enrofloxacin (5 mu g), florfenicol (30 mu g), gentamycin (120 mu g), and sulfamehoxazole+ trimethoprim (25 mu g)

Antioxidant vitamin levels in term and preterm infants and their relation to maternal vitamin status

BACKGROUND:Lipid peroxidation plays a vital role in the pathogenesis of many neonatal complications. Preterm babies are especially predisposed to lung diseases and retinopathy, probably due to a deficiency in their antioxidant systems. Vitamins E, A, and C are part of the natural antioxidant defense systems. We aimed to determine the levels of vitamins E, A, and C in maternal and cord blood plasma of term and preterm infants and to investigate the relationships between these levels.METHODS:In the present study we determined vitamin E, A, and C levels in the umbilical cord blood of term (n = 30) and preterm (n = 22) infants and their mothers by HPLC. Blood samples were taken during delivery.RESULTS:Levels of lipid soluble antioxidant vitamin E and A in cord blood were lower than maternal values (p &lt;0.01, p &lt;0.05, respectively). Conversely, the level of water-soluble vitamin C was higher in cord blood than in maternal level (p &lt;0.05). Significantly higher levels of vitamins E, A, and C were found in term babies as compared with those born preterm (p &lt;0.05).CONCLUSIONS:There was a positive correlation between maternal and cord blood levels of vitamins E and A (r = 0.775, r = 0.725, respectively). In conclusion, preterm babies have fewer lipid-soluble antioxidant vitamins in their serum compared to term infants. Therefore, it is possible to postulate that preterm infants are more susceptible to oxidative stress</p

Anatomic analysis of the internal and external aspects of the pterion

Objective: The pterion is an H-shaped suture complex. This study's goal was to determine the location of its external and internal surfaces and extension and emphasize and discuss its surgical importance.Methods: Fifty dried adult human skulls were obtained from the Department of Anatomy. A 2-mm drill bit was placed externally over the pterion, and the pterion was drilled through the bone perpendicular to the skull's surface.Results: The midpoint of the H shape in the pterion area was not at the same level on the skull's external and internal pterion surfaces. According to these measurements, the external pterion lay above the internal pterion when the skull was viewed externally. Furthermore, the internal pterion was on average longer than the external pterion. The internal and external pterions were schematized such that the skull was viewed from the outside. These areas were divided into 4 quadrants (anterior-superior, anterior-inferior, posterior-superior, and posterior-inferior) by a vertical and horizontal line. In 30 cases (60%), sulci of the middle meningeal artery's parietal branches entered the posterior-superior quadrant on the bone, whereas the artery's frontal branches were located in the anterior-superior and anterior- inferior quadrants, and the Sylvian fissure's origin was in the posterior-inferior quadrant.Conclusions: By using a subdivision into 4 quadrants, and considering our anatomic findings, we determined the way surgical procedures can be performed more easily and reliably. Even with modern localization technologies, anatomic landmarks can be useful to the neurosurgeon