Jak předcházet psaní prací na zakázku

PublishedPsaní prací na zakázku (contract cheating) je přestupek, kdy osoba využije nepřiznanou nebo neoprávněnou třetí stranu, aby jí pomohla vypracovat práci za účelem získání zápočtu, kreditů, akademického postupu a podobné výhody. Širší veřejnosti je tato problematika známa zejména v souvislosti s nabídkami komerčních firem, které zpracování prací inzerují na internetu. Kniha ukazuje, jak psaní prací na zakázku předcházet, následně jsou popsány významné kauzy, legislativa a výzkumy v zahraničí i v České republice

Nikos Zachariadis and the Communist Party of Greece during the Metaxas dictatorship

This essay describes the situation of the communist movement in Greek society in the interwar period and mainly during the Metaxas dictatorship (1936-1941) when it had to adopt to many important changes. The Greek communists who were ruthlessly persecuted by the regime had gained greater public support as well as further experience in illegal activity. When they later got engaged in the fights of the World War II and the Greek civil war they suceeded to make use of it. Despite the ideology of Metaxas being in plain contradiction to the ideology of the Communist party of Greece, they both cooperated after the Italian agression against Greece in October 1940. This attitude helped Metaxas, as well as KKE, to gain public support that had been so far unusual. It is a paradox that the year 1941 became for both of them historically the first moment of explicit political success

Greek anti-communism from the perspective of anti-communist legislation (1917–1967)

This article deals with the issue of anti-communism in Greece with a special focus on the anti-communist legislation introduced between 1917 and 1967. These legislative measures were part of a broader anti-communist campaign that affected various areas of public life, including the spheres of education, religion, culture, the media, and state propaganda. Based on the legislative acts as primary sources and some relevant literature, the analysis focuses on the development of the political persecution of the Greek Left and sets it in the contexts of the interwar period (1917–1941), the Greek Civil War (1946–1949), and the post-Civil War era (1949–1967). It attempts to explain the motivations that led Greek political elites to adopt anti-communist legislation and examines the implications for the legal system. The article follows the anti-communist policies of both liberal and conservative political powers as well as those of two dictators (Theodoros Pangalos and Ioannis Metaxas). Furthermore, it considers the new tendencies that took place under the influence of the Cold War and greater US engagement in Greece.This article deals with the issue of anti-communism in Greece with a special focus on the anti-communist legislation introduced between 1917 and 1967. These legislative measures were part of a broader anti-communist campaign that affected various areas of public life, including the spheres of education, religion, culture, the media, and state propaganda. Based on the legislative acts as primary sources and some relevant literature, the analysis focuses on the development of the political persecution of the Greek Left and sets it in the contexts of the interwar period (1917–1941), the Greek Civil War (1946–1949), and the post-Civil War era (1949–1967). It attempts to explain the motivations that led Greek political elites to adopt anti-communist legislation and examines the implications for the legal system. The article follows the anti-communist policies of both liberal and conservative political powers as well as those of two dictators (Theodoros Pangalos and Ioannis Metaxas). Furthermore, it considers the new tendencies that took place under the influence of the Cold War and greater US engagement in Greece

People's Association - Golden Dawn: The Rise of the Greek Far-right in the Time of Crisis

This thesis is concentrating on the rise of the far-right in Greece during the global financial crisis. Specifically it focuses on the political party named Golden Dawn which is present in the Greek party system since the beginning of the 1980's, yet it did not gain positive electoral results earlier than in 2010. Based on primary and secondary sources, including the materials of the party, this thesis analyzes the ideological foundations and practical politics of Golden Dawn with the aim to classify it, to find the causes of its recent political success and to present it in the context of Greek and European far-right. It answers the question what the position of Golden Dawn is on the Greek political scene or on the international far-right scene, secondly what specifics and characteristic features it has in comparison to other far-right formations in Greece and in Europe

People's Association – Golden Dawn : the Greek far-right in times of crisis

Th is study focuses on the Greek far-right political party "People's Association – Golden Dawn" between 2010 and 2016. During this period, Greece faced several different types of crises including economic, political, social, and migration crises, all of which were extensively covered by international media. Based on definitions by Cas Mudde, this article aims to examine and present Golden Dawn's political goals and practical functioning. Using Golden Dawn's official documents, ideological articles, and related secondary literature, this paper analyses the party's political program, ideology, activities, organizational structures, symbolism, and election results. Although Golden Dawn shares many similarities with other European far-right organizations (such as hierarchical leadership, chauvinism, xenophobia), in many respects it proved to be more extremist. It stands out mainly due to its unconcealed racism, violence, terrorist methods, and subversive activities attacking the democratic foundations of the Greek state. For these reasons, it can be considered a threat to the stability of not only Greece but also the European Union.Th is study focuses on the Greek far-right political party "People's Association – Golden Dawn" between 2010 and 2016. During this period, Greece faced several different types of crises including economic, political, social, and migration crises, all of which were extensively covered by international media. Based on definitions by Cas Mudde, this article aims to examine and present Golden Dawn's political goals and practical functioning. Using Golden Dawn's official documents, ideological articles, and related secondary literature, this paper analyses the party's political program, ideology, activities, organizational structures, symbolism, and election results. Although Golden Dawn shares many similarities with other European far-right organizations (such as hierarchical leadership, chauvinism, xenophobia), in many respects it proved to be more extremist. It stands out mainly due to its unconcealed racism, violence, terrorist methods, and subversive activities attacking the democratic foundations of the Greek state. For these reasons, it can be considered a threat to the stability of not only Greece but also the European Union

Parakratos in Post-Civil War Greece: Reality and Interpretation

Based on a historiographical, archival and media analysis, this doctoral thesis explores the phenomenon of parakratos (translated as deep state or parastate) in post-civil war Greece (1949-1967). Research perspectives are fourfold: Firstly, parakratos is discussed in the context of academic debates on parapolitics and the concepts of the dual state, the security state and the deep state; and presented as a Cold War parallel power mechanism, analogical to Italy and Turkey. Secondly, parakratos is analysed as part of domestic political reality through the prism of the historical events documented in Greek historiography. In this sense, the thesis concentrates on the emergence and operation of clandestine military groups and parastate ultra- nationalist organisations against the backdrop of the Greek political, legal and social environment. Both phenomena are elaborated on through the lens of the inefficient Greek political and administrative system, a deeply divided society, the politicisation of the public space, and the persistence of clientelist networks constructed upon political loyalties. Third, the parakratos is examined on an interpretative level as a term and concept employed in Greek historiography. Focusing on its presumed roots, actors, purposes and relations with the state, three..

Radicalization of the Greek Society and the Rise of Political Extremism in Greece (2000-2012)

This essay describes the radicalization of the Greek society and the rise of the political extremism in Greece in the period of 2000-2012. In this time important changes could have been observed in the Greek political scene and in the society which were linked to the polarization of the electorate and the growth of populism, nationalism, euroscepticism, xenophobia and racism. As a result of modernizing efforts of Constantinos Simitis cabinet (1996-2004), which were related to the Greek ambition to become fully-fledged member of the EU and the Eurozone, under the influence of globalization, immigration crisis and finally the recent slump of the Greek economy, a new social conflict emerged in Greece. This essay analyzes these problems from the perspective of the cleavages theory by Seymour M. Lipset and Stein Rokkan and tries to find social and political roots of such conflict. The radicalization of the Greek society between 2000 and 2012 does not represent a new phenomenon, but is is a continuation of long-term ideological clashes present in the Greek social reality since the World WarI. After identifying the main cleavages in interwar and postwar period the essay identifies the main conflict of Greece after the fall of junta in 1974. Afterwards it confronts the new political issues of the period 2000-2012..

Evolution of the Greek economic crisis and its consequences

Since 2009, Greece has faced serious economic challenges. It has tried to resolve them together with the Troika. As of 2014, the Greek economy seems to be inching toward recovery. This paper analyses the causes of the economic crisis in Greece, the evolution of the crisis, and its impact on Greek politics and society. It opposes the current tendency to interpret the Greek crisis as a simple economic slump. It argues that the origins of the Greek crisis can be traced back to the foundations of the Greek political system. Secondly, the paper focuses on the methods chosen by the Troika and the Greek state to resolve the Greek economic crisis. It claims that they have been unsuccessful, since they severely burdened Greek society and led indirectly to radical changes in the Greek party system that have given rise to populist and extremist political parties.Since 2009, Greece has faced serious economic challenges. It has tried to resolve them together with the Troika. As of 2014, the Greek economy seems to be inching toward recovery. This paper analyses the causes of the economic crisis in Greece, the evolution of the crisis, and its impact on Greek politics and society. It opposes the current tendency to interpret the Greek crisis as a simple economic slump. It argues that the origins of the Greek crisis can be traced back to the foundations of the Greek political system. Secondly, the paper focuses on the methods chosen by the Troika and the Greek state to resolve the Greek economic crisis. It claims that they have been unsuccessful, since they severely burdened Greek society and led indirectly to radical changes in the Greek party system that have given rise to populist and extremist political parties