11 research outputs found
Prediagnostic concentrations of plasma genistein and prostate cancer risk in 1,605 men with prostate cancer and 1,697 matched control participants in EPIC
PURPOSE: Data from prospective epidemiological studies in Asian populations and from experimental studies in animals and cell lines suggest a possible protective association between dietary isoflavones and the development of prostate cancer. We examined the association between circulating concentrations of genistein and prostate cancer risk in a case-control study nested in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition. METHODS: Concentrations of the isoflavone genistein were measured in prediagnostic plasma samples for 1,605 prostate cancer cases and 1,697 matched control participants. Relative risks (RRs) for prostate cancer in relation to plasma concentrations of genistein were estimated by conditional logistic regression. RESULTS: Plasma genistein concentrations were not associated with prostate cancer risk; the multivariate relative risk for men in the highest fifth of genistein compared with men in the lowest fifth was 1.00 (95 % confidence interval: 0.79, 1.27; p linear trend = 0.82). There was no evidence of heterogeneity in this association by age at blood collection, country of recruitment, or cancer stage or histological grade. CONCLUSION: Plasma genistein concentration was not associated with prostate cancer risk in this large cohort of European men
Genetic variability of the forkhead box O3 and prostate cancer risk in the European Prospective Investigation on Cancer
Forkhead box O3 (FOXO3) has a wide range of functions: it promotes tumor
suppression, cell cycle arrest, repair of damaged DNA, detoxification of
reactive oxygen species, apoptosis and plays a pivotal role in promoting
longevity. FOXO3 is a key downstream target of the PI3K-Akt pathway in
response to cellular stimulation by growth factors or insulin and has
been proposed as a bridge between ageing and tumor suppression. Three
SNPs in the FOXO3 gene (rs3800231, rs9400239 and rs479744) that have
been shown to be strongly and consistently associated with longevity,
were examined in relation to PC risk in a case control study of 1571
incident PC cases and 1840 controls nested within the European
Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC). There was no
statistically significant association between the SNPs and PC risk
regardless of the model of inheritance (dominant, codominant and
recessive). The associations were not modified by disease
aggressiveness, circulating levels of steroid sex hormones, or IGFs or
BMI. We conclude that polymorphisms in the FOXO3 gene that are
associated with longevity are not major risk factors for PC risk, in
this population of Caucasian men
Prediagnostic concentrations of plasma genistein and prostate cancer risk in 1,605 men with prostate cancer and 1,697 matched control participants in EPIC
Data from prospective epidemiological studies in Asian populations and
from experimental studies in animals and cell lines suggest a possible
protective association between dietary isoflavones and the development
of prostate cancer. We examined the association between circulating
concentrations of genistein and prostate cancer risk in a case-control
study nested in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and
Nutrition.
Concentrations of the isoflavone genistein were measured in
prediagnostic plasma samples for 1,605 prostate cancer cases and 1,697
matched control participants. Relative risks (RRs) for prostate cancer
in relation to plasma concentrations of genistein were estimated by
conditional logistic regression.
Plasma genistein concentrations were not associated with prostate cancer
risk; the multivariate relative risk for men in the highest fifth of
genistein compared with men in the lowest fifth was 1.00 (95 %
confidence interval: 0.79, 1.27; p linear trend = 0.82). There was no
evidence of heterogeneity in this association by age at blood
collection, country of recruitment, or cancer stage or histological
grade.
Plasma genistein concentration was not associated with prostate cancer
risk in this large cohort of European men
Fruit and vegetable intake and the risk of gastric adenocarcinoma: A reanalysis of the european prospective investigation into cancer and nutrition (EPIC-EURGAST) study after a longer follow-up
In a previous European prospective investigation into cancer and nutrition (EPIC) analysis, we found an inverse association between total intake of vegetables, onion and garlic, and risk of intestinal gastric cancer (GC) and between citrus fruit and risk of cardia GC. The aim of this study is to reanalyze the effect of fruit and vegetables (F&V), based on a longer follow-up and twice the number of GC cases. Subjects are 477,312 men and women mostly aged 35 to 70 years participating in the EPIC cohort, including 683 gastric adenocarcinomas with 11 years of follow-up. Information on diet and lifestyle was collected at baseline. A calibration study in a subsample was used to correct for dietary measurement errors. When comparing the highest vs. lowest quintile of intake, we found an inverse association between total intake of V&F and GC risk [hazard ratio (HR) 0.77; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.571.04; p for trend 0.02], between fresh fruit and risk of the diffuse type (HR 0.59; 95% CI 0.360.97; p for trend 0.03) and an inverse association between citrus fruit and risk of cardia cancer (HR 0.61; 95% CI 0.381.00, p for trend 0.01). Although calibration revealed somewhat stronger inverse associations, none of the risks reached statistical significance. There was no association between total or specific vegetables intake and GC risk. The inverse association between fresh fruit and citrus fruits and risk of GC seems to be restricted to smokers and the Northern European countries. Fresh fruit and citrus fruit consumption may protect against diffuse and cardia GC, respectively
Physical activity and risk of breast cancer overall and by hormone receptor status:The European prospective investigation into cancer and nutrition
<p>Physical activity is associated with reduced risks of invasive breast cancer. However, whether this holds true for breast cancer subtypes defined by the estrogen receptor (ER) and the progesterone receptor (PR) status is controversial. The study included 257,805 women from the multinational EPIC-cohort study with detailed information on occupational, recreational and household physical activity and important cofactors assessed at baseline. During 11.6 years of median follow-up, 8,034 incident invasive breast cancer cases were identified. Data on ER, PR and combined ER/PR expression were available for 6,007 (67.6%), 4,814 (54.2%) and 4,798 (53.9%) cases, respectively. Adjusted hazard ratios (HR) were estimated by proportional hazards models. Breast cancer risk was inversely associated with moderate and high levels of total physical activity (HR = 0.92, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.860.99, HR = 0.87, 95%-CI: 0.790.97, respectively; p-trend = 0.002), compared to the lowest quartile. Among women diagnosed with breast cancer after age 50, the largest risk reduction was found with highest activity (HR = 0.86, 95%-CI: 0.770.97), whereas for cancers diagnosed before age 50 strongest associations were found for moderate total physical activity (HR = 0.78, 95%-CI: 0.640.94). Analyses by hormone receptor status suggested differential associations for total physical activity (p-heterogeneity = 0.04), with a somewhat stronger inverse relationship for ER+/PR+ breast tumors, primarily driven by PR+ tumors (p-heterogeneity <0.01). Household physical activity was inversely associated with ER/PR tumors. The results of this largest prospective study on the protective effects of physical activity indicate that moderate and high physical activity are associated with modest decreased breast cancer risk. Heterogeneities by receptor status indicate hormone-related mechanisms.</p>
Macronutrient intake and risk of urothelial cell carcinoma in the European prospective investigation into cancer and nutrition
Previous studies have suggested that dietary factors may be important in
the development of bladder cancer. We examined macronutrient intake in
relation to risk of urothelial cell carcinoma among 469,339 men and
women in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and
Nutrition. Associations were examined using Cox regression, stratified
by sex, age at recruitment and centre and further adjusted for smoking
status and duration, body mass index and total energy intake. After an
average of 11.3 years of follow-up, 1,416 new cases of urothelial cell
carcinoma were identified. After allowing for measurement error, a 3%
increase in the consumption of energy intake from animal protein was
associated with a 15% higher risk (95% confidence interval [CI]:
330%; ptrend = 0.01) and a 2% increase in energy from plant protein
intake was associated with a 23% lower risk (95% CI: 367%, ptrend =
0.006). Dietary intake of fat, carbohydrate, fibre or calcium was not
associated with risk. These findings suggest that animal and/or plant
protein may affect the risk of urothelial cell carcinoma, and
examination of these associations in other studies is needed
Prospective study on physical activity and risk of in situ breast cancer
Abstract
Background: Physical activity has been identified as protective factor for invasive breast cancer risk, whereas comparable studies on in situ carcinoma are rare.
Methods: The study included data from 283,827 women of the multinational European Prospective Investigation into C7ancer and Nutrition (EPIC)-cohort study. Detailed information on different types of physical activity conducted during the prior year, such as occupational, recreational, and household activity, as well as on important cofactors, was assessed at baseline. Adjusted HRs for in situ breast cancer were estimated by Cox proportional hazards models.
Results: During a median follow-up period of 11.7 years, 1,059 incidents of breast carcinoma in situ were identified. In crude and adjusted multivariable models, no associations were found for occupational, household, and recreational physical activity. Furthermore, total physical activity was not associated with risk of in situ breast cancer. Comparing moderately inactive, moderately active, and active participants with inactive study participants resulted in adjusted HRs of 0.99 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.83–1.19], 0.99 (95% CI, 0.82–1.20), and 1.07 (95% CI, 0.81–1.40), respectively (P value of trend test: 0.788). No inverse associations were found in any substrata defined by age at diagnosis or body mass index (BMI) status.
Conclusions: In this large prospective study, we did not find any evidence of an association between physical activity and in situ breast cancer risk. If not by chance, the contrast between our results for carcinoma in situ and the recognized inverse association for invasive breast cancer suggests that physical activity may have stronger effects on proliferation and late stage carcinogenesis. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 21(12); 2209–19. ©2012 AACR.</jats:p
Macronutrient intake and risk of urothelial cell carcinoma in the European prospective investigation into cancer and nutrition
<p>Previous studies have suggested that dietary factors may be important in the development of bladder cancer. We examined macronutrient intake in relation to risk of urothelial cell carcinoma among 469,339 men and women in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition. Associations were examined using Cox regression, stratified by sex, age at recruitment and centre and further adjusted for smoking status and duration, body mass index and total energy intake. After an average of 11.3 years of follow-up, 1,416 new cases of urothelial cell carcinoma were identified. After allowing for measurement error, a 3% increase in the consumption of energy intake from animal protein was associated with a 15% higher risk (95% confidence interval [CI]: 330%; ptrend = 0.01) and a 2% increase in energy from plant protein intake was associated with a 23% lower risk (95% CI: 367%, ptrend = 0.006). Dietary intake of fat, carbohydrate, fibre or calcium was not associated with risk. These findings suggest that animal and/or plant protein may affect the risk of urothelial cell carcinoma, and examination of these associations in other studies is needed.</p>
Plasma phospholipid fatty acid concentrations and risk of gastric adenocarcinomas in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC-EURGAST)
Background: Epidemiologic data suggest that diet is a risk factor in the
etiology of gastric cancer. However, the role of dietary fatty acids, a
modifiable risk factor, remains relatively unexplored.
Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the association
of plasma phospholipid fatty acid concentrations, as biomarkers of
exogenous and endogenously derived fatty acids, with the risk of gastric
adenocarcinoma in a case-control study nested within the European
Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition-Europe Gastric
Cancer (EPIC-EURGAST).
Design: Fatty acids were measured by gas chromatography in
pre-diagnostic plasma phospholipids from 238 cases matched to 626
controls by age, sex, study center, and date of blood donation.
Conditional logistic regression models adjusted for Helicobacter pylori
infection status, BMI, smoking, physical activity, education, and energy
intake were used to estimate relative cancer risks.
Results: Positive risk associations for gastric cancer were observed in
the highest compared with the lowest quartiles of plasma oleic acid (OR:
1.72; 95% CI: 1.01, 2.94), di-homo-gamma-linolenic acid (OR: 1.92; 95%
CI: 1.10, 3.35), alpha-linolenic acid (OR: 3.20; 95% CI: 1.70, 6.06),
and the ratio of MUFAs to saturated fatty acids, as an indicator of
stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 enzyme activity (OR: 1.40; 95% CI: 0.81,
2.43). An inverse risk association was observed with the ratio of
linoleic to alpha-linolenic acid (OR: 0.37; 95% CI: 0.20, 0.66).
Conclusion: These data suggest that a specific prediagnostic plasma
phospholipid fatty acid profile, characterized mainly by high
concentrations of oleic acid, alpha-linolenic acid, and
di-homo-gamma-linolenic acid, which presumably reflect both a complex
dietary pattern and altered fatty acid metabolism, may be related to
increased gastric cancer risk. Am J Clin Nutr 2011;94:1304-13