Effects of age and exercise training on orthostatic tolerance

Research regarding the effects of chronic exercise training and age on orthostatic tolerance is conflicting. Thus this study examined the cardiovascular responses of 40 subjects in four groups [young fit (YF), young unfit (YU), old fit (OF) and old unfit (OU)] to graded LBNP. Variables were assessed at resting and at each level (-10 mmHg) of LBNP till the completion of the protocol (-100 mmHg) or at the onset of presyncopal symptoms. Variables assessed included heart rate, stroke volume, cardiac output, mean arterial pressure, pulse pressure, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, forearm vascular conductance and total peripheral conductance. Mean arterial, systolic and diastolic pressures were higher at rest and throughout the protocol in the OU group. The YF group had a lower resting heart rate and also showed earlier and higher tachycardia in response to LBNP. There were no significant group differences in the tolerance to LBNP. There were no significant age by LBNP or exercise by LBNP differences, indicating that all the four groups tolerated LBNP equally well

Sella Turcica: An Important Aid in Diagnosis and Treatment Planning

The purpose of this study was to describe and measure the size of sella turcica in subjects with different skeletal types. Lateral cephalometric radiographs of 120 individuals (60 males and 60 females) with an age range of 11 to 26 years were taken and distributed according to skeletal classification: 40 class I (ANB: 20–40), 40 class II (ANB: >40), and 40 class III (ANB: <20). The sella turcica on each radiograph was analyzed and measured to determine the linear dimensions of length, depth, and diameter. Student's t-test was used to calculate differences in linear dimensions, while a one-way analysis of variance was performed to study the relationship between skeletal type and sella size. No significant differences in linear dimensions between genders could be found. When age was evaluated, significant differences were found between the older (15 years or more) and the younger (11–14 years) age groups at the 0.01 and 0.001 levels for length, depth, and diameter. Sella size of the older age group was larger than in the younger age group. When skeletal type was compared with sella size, a significant difference was found in the diameter of sella between the classes II and III subjects (p < 0.01). Larger diameter values were present in the skeletal class III subjects, while smaller diameter sizes were apparent in class II subjects (multiple comparison tests). When gender, age, and skeletal type were all compared with the size of the sella (regression analyses), age was significantly related to a change of length (p < 0.01) and diameter (p < 0.001). How to cite this article Zanke PN, Patni V, Sonawane M, Karandikar G, Ravindranath VK, Maskarenj M. Sella Turcica: An Important Aid in Diagnosis and Treatment Planning. J Contemp Dent 2016;6(3):181-183