A REVIEW OF SOCIAL STUDIES COURSEBOOK IN TERMS OF THINKING TRAINING: “SCIENCE IN TIME” UNIT

The aim of this study is to examine the 7th grade social studies coursebook unit titled “Science in Time” in terms of thinking training. The data was collected through the technique of document analysis, which is a qualitative research method. The document in question is Social Studies coursebook and student workbook prepared by the Ministry of Education in the academic year of 2016-2017 and used for the 7th grade in primary schools. In order to investigate the qualities of thinking training thoroughly and in detail, a single unit was selected by means of random sampling. , The titles, written materials, visual elements, assessment and evaluation questions (in the unit and at the end of the unit) in the “Science in Time” unit was reviewed in terms three essential thinking skills mentioned in the Ministry of Education program, namely critical thinking, creative thinking, and caring thinking. The data was analyzed by means of content analysis. According to the review results for written materials, the fact that students were asked to guess the concepts given in the concept-box without any definition and the fact that students could see additional resources about in-text subjects were considered positive qualities in terms of making connections among evidences. As for the visual materials, the book lacked any thinking-provoking questions about the pictures. When the book was reviewed in terms of assessment and evaluation, the results revealed positive qualities considering that the “Let’s Think” questions in the chapters and at the end of each chapter as well as the student workbook activities encouraged thinking training skills. However, the evaluation questions at the end of the unit were knowledge level questions, so they were considered inadequate for the use of thinking skills.  Article visualizations

Polysemy in natural language : case studies on the structural description of polysemous lexemes in English, German and Turkish

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Contronymy and Equivalence: a Case Study on German ‘aufgeben’ (upgive)

Contronymy, a phenomenon which has received much attention in recent years, is often described as sense opposition at the micro-level. By extending current theories on paradigmatic sense relations of exclusion and opposition, five different types of contronymy can be distinguished namely contronymy of incompatibility, of antonymy, of complementarity, of conversivity and of reversivity. This article provides a structural description of the German polysemous lexeme aufgeben and deals with potential equivalency problems. In order to demonstrate the semantic scope which the lexeme aufgeben covers, an attempt to produce a semantic analysis has been made. The article also demonstrates that the senses of aufgeben vary in the extent to which they represent the same concepts in English. These variations can be seen as forming a continuum in terms of the different degrees of equivalence, ranging from exact equivalence in meaning through inexact equivalence to non-equivalence

Dentofacial Morphology in Third Molar Agenesis

Objective:In the literature, some studies show a relation between tooth agenesis and craniofacial morphology, whereas other authors conclude that dental agenesis exerts little influence on dent facial structures. The objective of this study was to determine the existence of any relation between bilateral agenesis of the maxillary and/or mandibular third molars and the anteroposterior dimensions and vertical growth pattern of the jaws.Subjects and Methods:Sixty-eight subjects between the ages of 13 and 17 years with bilateral agenesis of maxillary third molars (group I, n=37), bilateral agenesis of the mandibular third molars (group II, n=19), and agenesis of all third molars (group III, n=12) as well as 33 subjects without third molar agenesis (group IV) were selected from the radiology archive. A before and after treatment orthopantomograph and the pretreatment cephalometric radiograph of the subjects were used. Several angular and linear parameters representing the anteroposterior dimensions and vertical growth pattern of the jaws were measured on cephalometric radiographs. The data were analyzed by Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, analysis of variance for 1 factor, and independent-samples t test. Statistical significance was set at p,0.05.Results:When the agenesis groups (groups I, II, and III) were compared with the control group, it was found that all parameters representing the anteroposterior dimensions of both jaws (A-Ptm, CoA, ANS-PNS, CoB, CoGn, CoPog, and ABRB) were significantly smaller in all agenesis groups (p,0.05). The parameters reflecting the vertical growth pattern did not represent any difference among the groups (p.0.05).Conclusion:In subjects with bilateral or total third molar agenesis, the anteroposterior dimensions of both jaws were smaller in comparison with subjects without tooth agenesis. Vertical growth pattern of the jaws did not differ among the groups

Intraocular pressure assessment in pediatric cases receiving long-term seasonal allergic conjunctivitis treatment

Amaç: Mevsimsel alerjik konjonktivit (MAK) tanısı ile takip ve tedavi edilen pediatrik yaş grubu hastalarda, dönemsel olarak kullanılan ilaçların uzun dönemde göz içi basıncı (GİB) üzerine olan etkisini araştırmak. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Çalışmaya 16 yaş altında, 5 yıl veya daha fazla süredir MAK tedavisi alan 230 olgu (Grup I) ve kontrol grubuna 16 yaş altında sağlıklı 255 olgu (Grup II) dahil edildi. Hastaların GİB ölçümleri non-kontakt tonometri ile yapıldı. Her iki grubun ortalama GİB değerleri istatistiksel olarak kıyaslandı. Bulgular: Çalışmaya alınan olguların yaş ortalaması grup I'de 9.3±2.0, grup II'de 9.1±2.1 bulundu. Grup I'de hastaların MAK nedeni ile tedavi aldıkları süre ortalama 5.3±0.7 yıldı. Grup I'de ortalama GİB sağ gözde 13.7±3.1 mmHg, sol gözde 13.7±2.8 mmHg bulunurken, grup II'de ortalama GİB sağ gözde 13.8±3.1 mmHg, sol gözde 13.9±3.0 mmHg olarak bulundu. İki grubun ortalama GİB değerleri arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı fark olmadığı görüldü (P>0.05). Grup I'de 11 hastada (% 4.8) tedavi esnasında kortikosteroid kullanımına bağlı geçici GİB yükselmesi olduğu gözlendi. Bu hastaların tümünde kortikosteroid kesildikten sonra GİB normale döndü. Sonuç: Pediatrik olgularda MAK tanısıyla dönemsel olarak verilen medikal tedavinin uzun dönemde GİB üzerine kalıcı bir etkisinin olmadığı görüldü. Bu hastalarda olası akut GİB yükselmesini fark etmek için yakın takibin önemli olduğunu düşünmekteyiz.Objective: To investigate the effect of seasonal drugs on intraocular pressure (IOP) in the long term in pediatric age group who are followed up and treated with seasonal allergic conjunctivitis (SAC) diagnosis. Materials and Methods: The study included 230 cases under the age of 16 who received SAC treatment for 5 years or more (Group I), and 255 healthy cases under the age of 16 in the control group (Group II). IOP measurements of the patients were made with non-contact tonometry. Mean IOP values of both groups were statistically compared. Results: The mean age of the patients included in the study was 9.3±2.0 in group I and 9.1±2.1 in group II. The mean duration of treatment in SAC patients was 5.3±0.7 years. In group I, the mean IOP was 13.7±3.1 mmHg in the right eye, 13.7±2.8 mmHg in the left eye, while in group II the mean IOP was 13.8±3.1 mmHg in the right eye and 13.9±3.0 mmHg in the left eye. There was no statistically significant difference between the mean IOP values of two groups (P>0.05). Temporary IOP elevation due to corticosteroid treatment was observed in 11 patients (4.8%) in group I. In all these patients, IOP lowered to normal limits after corticosteroid treatment discontinued. Conclusion: It was observed that medical treatment, which is given periodically with the diagnosis of SAC in pediatric cases, does not have a permanent effect on IOP in the long term. We think that close follow-up is important to realize possible acute IOP elevation in these patients

GNSS station design for global climate change monitoring in Antarctica: ınstallation of TUR1 and TUR2 GNSS stations on Horseshoe Island in Antarctica During The 4th Turkish Antarctic Science Expedition

Son yıllarda uzay tabanlı konumlama sistemleri, GNSS Meteorolojisi ve GNSS Reflektometresi teknikleri kullanılarak gözlemlenen atmosferik su buharı, deniz, buz ve kar seviyeleri gibi önemli parametrelerle küresel iklim değişikliğinin izlenmesinde etkili bir destekleyici araç haline gelmiştir. Küresel ölçekte tüm bölgelerden daha hızlı ısınan Antarktika'da iklim değişikliğini incelemek, gelecekteki iklim değişikliğini daha doğru tahmin etmek için çok önemlidir. Dünya'nın iklim değişikliği etkilerinin izlenebilmesi amacıyla, 118Y322 No’lu TÜBİTAK projesi kapsamında GNSS Meteorolojisi ve GNSS Reflektometresi teknikleri ile 24 Şubat 2020 tarihinden itibaren Antarktika’da atmosferik su buharı değişimleri, kar derinliği ve buz kalınlığı değişimleri gözlemlenmektedir. Bu çalışmada, Troposfer ve Deniz Seviyesi Gözlem İstasyonu (TUR1) ile Troposfer ve Kar / Buz Seviyesi Gözlem İstasyonunun (TUR2) tasarım çalışmaları ve 4. Ulusal Antarktika Bilim Seferi’nde Antarktika Horseshoe Adası’na kurulum aşamaları anlatılmıştır. Bu çalışmalar, meteorolojik koşullar, şebekeden bağımsız ve batarya ile bütünleşik enerji sisteminin en sağlıklı şekilde güneş ve rüzgâr enerjisinden beslenmesi ve bölgede oluşabilecek buzul oluşumu ve kayaç parçalanması gibi jeolojik parametreler de göz önüne alınarak yapılmıştır.In recent years, space-based positioning systems have become an effective supporting tool for monitoring global climate change by important parameters such as atmospheric water vapor, sea, ice and snow levels observed by using GNSS Meteorology and GNSS Reflectometry techniques. Studying climate change in Antarctica, which is warming faster than all of the regions on a global scale, is very important to predict future climate change more accurately. In order to monitor climate change effects of the Earth, tropospheric water vapor variations, snow depth and ice thickness changes have been observing in Antarctica since 24 February 2020 by means of GNSS Meteorology and GNSS Reflectometry techniques within the scope of the TUBITAK Project No. 118Y322 In this study, designing studies of Troposphere and Sea Level Observation Station (TUR1) and Troposphere and Snow / Ice Level Observation Station (TUR2) and installation steps to Horseshoe Island in Antarctica during the 4th National Antarctic Science Expedition are explained. These studies was carried out by taking into account the meteorological conditions, the healthiest feeding of the off grid battery integrated energy system from solar and wind energy and geological parameters such as glacial formation and rock fragmentation that may occur in the region

Flipped classroom model in physical education and sport teaching: Beden eğitimi ve spor öğretiminde ters yüz sınıf modeli

This research aimed to reveal the experiences of the 9th grade students and the lesson teacher who use the lipped classroom model in physical education and sports lessons. Therefore, phenomenology, one of the qualitative research designs, was preferred in the research. The research was carried out with 1 physical teacher and 15 9th grade students in a secondary education institution located in the Ereğli district of Zonguldak in the second term of the 2022-2023 academic year. Criterion and convenient sampling, which are among the purposive sampling techniques, were used to determine the study group. In the research, a semi-structured interview form prepared for teachers and students was used as a data collection tool. The interviews were conducted face-to-face in the assistant principal's room at the school. A voice recorder was used to avoid data loss. The interviews lasted 32 minutes with the physical education and sports teacher and between 10-18 minutes with the students. The data were analyzed with content analysis using the Maxqda 2020 program. As a result of the research, it was determined that the physical education and sports teacher and the students had positive opinions about the flipped classroom model. According to the research results, this model; It can be said that it is effective in terms of features such as saving time in the lesson, being fun, attracting attention, being applicable, having an efficient process and being applied in different lessons

The Possıble Protectıve Effect Of Royal Jelly Supplementatıon On The Tuba Uterıne In Hypothyroıdıc Rats

ÇalıĢmamızda, propiltiourasil (PTU) ile indüklenen hipotiroidinin, sıçan tuba uterina dokularında meydana getirdiği olası hasarların ve bu hasarlar üzerinde bir antioksidan olan arı sütünün koruyucu etkilerinin histokimyasal ve immünohistokimyasal yöntemler ile incelenmesi amaçlandı. 30 adet 6-8 haftalık Wistar albino cinsi diĢi sıçan 5 gruba ayrıldı. Kontrol grubuna herhangi bir uygulama yapılmazken, sham kontrol grubuna 10 mg/kg serum fizyolojik (SF), arı sütü grubuna 100 mg/kg arı sütü gavaj ile verildi. Hipotiroidi grubuna SF içerisinde çözünmüĢ 10 mg/kg PTU intraperitoneal (i.p) olarak, Hipotiroidi+Arı sütü grubuna ise 10 mg/kg PTU i.p olarak, 100 mg/kg arı sütü ise gavaj ile uygulandı. 30 günlük deney bitiminde alınan tuba uterina örnekleri Mallory Azan ile histokimyasal, SOD-1 ve 8-OHdG antikorları ile de immünohistokimyasal düzeyde incelendi. Histokimyasal incelemeler sonucunda kontrol, sham kontrol ve arı sütü grupları normal tuba uterina yapıları ile izlendi. Hipotiroidi grubunda epitelde yoğun dejenerasyon görüldü, apikal yüzey farklanması olan kinosilyaların yer yer birleĢerek küt bir görüntü sergilediği ve görece azaldığı tespit edildi. Hipotiroidi ve arı sütünün birlikte uygulandığı grupta ise epitelde izlenen dejeneratif değiĢimler büyük ölçüde düzelmiĢ olmasına karĢın bazı hücrelerde vakuolizasyonun devam ettiği görüldü. Hipotiroidi grubunda bir oksidatif stres belirteci olan SOD-1'in, epitelin hemen hemen tamamında, tunika muskularis tabakasına ait düz kas hücrelerinde ve tunika serozaya ait mezotel hücrelerinde yüksek immünreaktivite gösterdiği tespit edildi. Aynı zamanda bu hücrelerde bir DNA hasar belirteci olan 8-OHdG immünreaktivitesinin de yüksek olduğu görülmekle birlikte stromal hücrelerde de oldukça yaygın immünreaktivite görüldü. Arı sütü uygulaması ile birlikte ise hem SOD-1 ve hem de 8-OHdG tutulumunun zayıfladığı saptandı. Hipotiroidinin tuba uterina dokusunda dejeneratif hasara neden olduğu ve arı sütü uygulamasının bu değiĢimler üzerinde koruyucu etki gösterdiği kanısına varıldı.The aim of this study is to investigate the possible harmful effects of propyl-thio-uracil (PTU)-induced hypothyroidism on rat tuba uterine tissues and protective effect of royal jelly which is known as an antioxidant on this damage by using histochemistry and immunohistochemistry. Thirty female 6-8 weeks old Wistar albino rats were divided into 5 groups. Control group of rats did not recieve any intervention, sham control group was injected with 10 mg/kg of serum physiologic (SP) which is PTU solvent, Royal jelly group of rats were daily fed with 100 mg/kg royal jelly by using oral gavage. Hypothyroid group recieved intraperitoneal injection (i.p) of 10 mg/kg PTU dissolved in SP. Hypothyroid+Royal Jelly group recieved i.p 10 mg/kg PTU and 100 mg/kg Royal Jelly by gavage. At the end of 30 days of experiment tuba uterine tissue samples were taken. Histochemical evaluation was done by using Mallory Azan and immunohistochemical localization of SOD-1 and 8-OHDG performed in tissues. Histochemical evaluation showed that control, sham control and royal jelly group rats had normal tuba uterine structures. In the hypothyroid group, intense degeneration was observed in the epithelium, and it was found that the kinocilia were fused or shorten than normal in some places. In the hypothyroid+royal jelly group, degenerative lesions in epithelium were uncommon, but vacuolization was still exist in some cells. In hypothyroid group, epithelial cells, smooth muscle cells of the tunica muscularis layer and mesothelial cells of the tunica serosa exhibited a high density of SOD-1 immunoreactivity. 8-OHdG immunoreactivity was elevated in this cells, however stromal cells had also common strong reactivity. In royal jelly treated rats with hypothyroidism both SOD-1 and 8-OHDG immunoreactivity was weaker compared with hypothyroid group. It was concluded that hypothyroidism caused degenerative damage in rat tuba uterine tissue and that royal jelly treatment had a protective effect on these changes