544 research outputs found
Interim report, model study of the sediment ejector for the Trimmu-Sidhnai Link Canal
CER61SSK65.November 1961
Time variation of bed deformation near bridge piers
CEDR65HWS-YO-SK1.Presented at the International Association for Hydraulic Research, Eleventh International Congress, Leningrad, 1965.Includes bibliographical references.Time variation of scour depth at a circular pier is described in the paper. Adequate design of bridge pier foundation requires proper assessment of this phenomena. The deepest point of scour at any time occurred at the front of the pier, and thus analysis was made for flow in the stagnation plane upstream of the pier. Idealized experimental studies were performed to aid the analysis. Experiments indicated that Froude number was the most important factor in determining scour depth. With known or assumed values of velocity and flow depth, scour dept h can be determined for any time
Protection of Human Rights under the Criminal Justice System of Jordan “An Analytical & Comparative Study”
The current study deals with the issue of protection of human rights of both offenders and victims of crimes under the criminal justice system of Jordan. It tries to explain the problematic issues concerning the efforts of humanizing the criminal justice administration in Jordan by focusing on series of procedural rights of the parties to criminal adversary under national criminal legislation in Jordan in comparison with international rules and principles that regulate the fair trial. The present study concludes that the current justice system of Jordan should be reformed to be more humanized, and for this many strategies were advocated as regard the role of judicial police, public prosecutors and judges, as well as number of recommendations were made finally to enhance the judicial reform in Jordan to be in harmony with international standers. Keywords: Human Rights, Procedural rights, Criminal Trial, Criminal Legislation in Jordan
Exposure of tourism development to salt karst hazards along the Jordanian Dead Sea shore
The Dead Sea shore is a unique, young and dynamic salt karst
system. Development of the area began in the 1960s, when the main water
resources that used to feed the Dead Sea were diverted towards deserts,
cities and industries. During the last decade, the water level has fallen by
more than 1 m per year, causing a hydrostatic disequilibrium between
the underground fresh waters and the base level. Thousands of underground
cavities have developed as well as hectometre-sized landslides. Despite these
unfavourable environmental conditions, large tourism development projects
have flourished along the northern coast of the Jordanian Dead Sea. In this
work, which is based on a multi-method approach (analyses of radar and
optical satellite data, in situ observations, and public science), we show
that a 10 km long strip of coast that encompass several resorts is
exposed to subsidence, sinkholes, landslides and flash floods. Geological
discontinuities are the weakest points where the system can re-balance and
where most of the energy is dissipated through erosional processes.
Groundwater is moving rapidly along fractures to reach the dropping base
level. The salt that fills the sediments matrix is dissolved along the water
flow paths favouring the development of enlarged conduits, cavities and
then the proliferation of sinkholes. The front beaches of the hotels, the
roads and the bridges are the most affected infrastructure. We point out
the importance for the land planners to include in the Dead Sea development
schemes the historical records and present knowledge of geological hazards
in the area.</p
Monopolar and dipolar relaxation in spin ice HoTiO
When degenerate states are separated by large energy barriers, the approach
to thermal equilibrium can be slow enough that physical properties are defined
by the thermalization process rather than the equilibrium. The exploration of
thermalization pushes experimental boundaries and provides refreshing insights
into atomic scale correlations and processes that impact steady state dynamics
and prospects for realizing solid state quantum entanglement. We present a
comprehensive study of magnetic relaxation in HoTiO based on
frequency-dependent susceptibility measurements and neutron diffraction studies
of the real-time atomic-scale response to field quenches. Covering nearly ten
decades in time scales, these experiments uncover two distinct relaxation
processes that dominate in different temperature regimes. At low temperatures
(0.6K<T<1K) magnetic relaxation is associated with monopole motion along the
applied field direction through the spin-ice vacuum. The increase of the
relaxation time upon cooling indicates reduced monopole conductivity driven by
decreasing monopole concentration and mobility as in a semiconductor. At higher
temperatures (1K<T<2K) magnetic relaxation is associated with the reorientation
of monopolar bound states as the system approaches the single-spin tunneling
regime. Spin fractionalization is thus directly exposed in the relaxation
dynamics
Quantum Criticality without Tuning in the Mixed Valence Compound beta-YbAlB4
Fermi liquid theory, the standard theory of metals, has been challenged by a
number of observations of anomalous metallic behavior found in the vicinity of
a quantum phase transition. The breakdown of the Fermi liquid is accomplished
by fine-tuning the material to a quantum critical point using a control
parameter such as the magnetic field, pressure, or chemical composition. Our
high precision magnetization measurements of the ultrapure f-electron based
superconductor {\beta}-YbAlB4 demonstrate a scaling of its free energy
indicative of zero-field quantum criticality without tuning in a metal. The
breakdown of Fermi-liquid behavior takes place in a mixed-valence state, in
sharp contrast with other known examples of quantum critical f-electron systems
that are magnetic Kondo lattice systems with integral valence.Comment: 26 pages, 7 figures including supporting online matelial
A review on hierarchical routing protocols for wireless sensor networks
The routing protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) is defined as the manner of data dissemination from the network field (source) to the base station (destination). Based on the network topology, there are two types of routing protocols in WSNs, they are namely flat routing protocols and hierarchical routing protocols. Hierarchical routing protocols (HRPs) are more energy efficient and scalable compared to flat routing protocols. This paper discusses how topology management and network application influence the performance of cluster-based and chain-based hierarchical networks. It reviews the basic features of sensor connectivity issues such as power control in topology set-up, sleep/idle pairing and data transmission control that are used in five common HRPs, and it also examines their impact on the protocol performance. A good picture of their respective performances give an indication how network applications, i.e whether reactive or proactive, and topology management i.e. whether centralized or distributed would determine the network performance. Finally, from the ensuring discussion, it is shown that the chain-based HRPs guarantee a longer network lifetime compared to cluster-based HRPs by three to five times
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