Modelovanje pražnjenja creva evropskog brancina dicentrarachus labrax l.

Digestion physiology of an animal is important since it is essential source of information for aquaculture and also it helps to outline the rule of such animal in the aquatic food web. Especially it is vital for the management issues of the living resources concerning multispecies VPA. Bearing in mind, sea bass is a one of the most important sea fish having high salinity and temperature tolerance and commercial value not only in Turkey, but in the European countries as well. It has growing culturing potential in Turkey and Europe, but not much detailed studies concerned feeding and digestion physiology have been performed yet. In this study, digestion physiology; gastric emptying in Dicentrarchus labrax force fed on artificial (formulated) food will be investigated. Factors affecting gastric emptying rate (GER) and time (GET) in sea bass will be studied. An attempt will also be made to model GER and GET in sea bass. Food consumption and feeding periodicity and return of appetite of sea bass will also be worked out

When it’s okay to hit: How Turkish and U.S. preschoolers and adults make judgments about permissible and impermissible acts of force

To navigate their complex social worlds, children need to make judgments about when, if ever, it is okay to use force against others. By adulthood, most come to condemn violence in most situations yet accept or even encourage force in other situations, such as self-defense or contact sports. This research examined key factors expected to guide how preschoolers and adults make judgments about permissible and impermissible force. These factors included the antecedent events—preceding the force act—and the emotion attributed to the victim. In four studies with Turkish and U.S. preschoolers and adults, an interviewer presented participants with vignettes in which one child used force against another. The antecedent event significantly affected children's and, to an even greater extent, adults’ judgments about force. Participants were also more likely to judge force as permissible when they attributed positive or neutral emotions to the victim. Some cultural differences also emerged. The findings shed light on how children begin to draw moral distinctions between permissible and impermissible force

Leptin and Adiponectin: new players in the field of tumor cell and leukocyte migration

Adipose tissue is no longer considered to be solely an energy storage, but exerts important endocrine functions, which are primarily mediated by a network of various soluble factors derived from fat cells, called adipocytokines. In addition to their responsibility to influence energy homeostasis, new studies have identified important pathways linking metabolism with the immune system, and demonstrating a modulatory role of adipocytokines in immune function. Additionally, epidemiological studies underline that obesity represents a significant risk factor for the development of cancer, although the exact mechanism of this relationship remains to be determined. Whereas a possible influence of adipocytokines on the proliferation of tumor cells is already known, new evidence has come to light elucidating a modulatory role of this signaling substances in the regulation of migration of leukocytes and tumor cells. The migration of leukocytes is a key feature to fight cancer cells, whereas the locomotion of tumor cells is a prerequisite for tumor formation and metastasis. We herein review the latest tumor biological findings on the role of the most prominent adipocytokines leptin and adiponectin, which are secreted by fat cells, and which are involved in leukocyte migration, tumor growth, invasion and metastasis. This review thus accentuates the complex, interactive involvement of adipocytokines in the regulation of migration of both leukocytes and tumor cells, and gives an insight in the underlying molecular mechanisms

The TREAT-NMD DMD Global Database: Analysis of more than 7,000 Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy mutations

Analyzing the type and frequency of patient-specific mutations that give rise to Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is an invaluable tool for diagnostics, basic scientific research, trial planning, and improved clinical care. Locus-specific databases allow for the collection, organization, storage, and analysis of genetic variants of disease. Here, we describe the development and analysis of the TREAT-NMD DMD Global database (http://umd.be/TREAT_DMD/). We analyzed genetic data for 7,149 DMD mutations held within the database. A total of 5,682 large mutations were observed (80% of total mutations), of which 4,894 (86%) were deletions (1 exon or larger) and 784 (14%) were duplications (1 exon or larger). There were 1,445 small mutations (smaller than 1 exon, 20% of all mutations), of which 358 (25%) were small deletions and 132 (9%) small insertions and 199 (14%) affected the splice sites. Point mutations totalled 756 (52% of small mutations) with 726 (50%) nonsense mutations and 30 (2%) missense mutations. Finally, 22 (0.3%) mid-intronic mutations were observed. In addition, mutations were identified within the database that would potentially benefit from novel genetic therapies for DMD including stop codon read-through therapies (10% of total mutations) and exon skipping therapy (80% of deletions and 55% of total mutations)

Diffuse neonatal hemangiomatosis: A case report

Diffuse neonatal hemangiomatosis is a rare, severe disease with a high mortality rate. It is characterized by multiple hemangiomas at birth affecting the skin and visceral organs. In life-threatening hemangiomas and in specific localizations of hemangiomas, corticosteroid therapy is the first alternative. In this paper, a case of diffuse neonatal hemangiomatosis is presented, and the importance of corticosteroid therapy is discussed

Molecular dissection of step 2 catalysis of yeast pre-mRNA splicing investigated in a purified system.

Step 2 catalysis of pre-mRNA splicing entails the excision of the intron and ligation of the 5' and 3' exons. The tasks of the splicing factors Prp16, Slu7, Prp18, and Prp22 in the formation of the step 2 active site of the spliceosome and in exon ligation, and the timing of their recruitment, remain poorly understood. Using a purified yeast in vitro splicing system, we show that only the DEAH-box ATPase Prp16 is required for formation of a functional step 2 active site and for exon ligation. Efficient docking of the 3' splice site (3' SS) to the active site requires only Slu7/Prp18 but not Prp22. Spliceosome remodeling by Prp16 appears to be subtle as only the step 1 factor Cwc25 is dissociated prior to step 2 catalysis, with its release dependent on docking of the 3' SS to the active site and Prp16 action. We show by fluorescence cross-correlation spectroscopy that Slu7/Prp18 and Prp16 bind early to distinct, low-affinity binding sites on the step-1-activated B* spliceosome, which are subsequently converted into high-affinity sites. Our results shed new light on the factor requirements for step 2 catalysis and the dynamics of step 1 and 2 factors during the catalytic steps of splicing

Using Rasch Analysis to Evaluate the Reliability and Validity of the Swallowing Quality of Life Questionnaire: An Item Response Theory Approach.

The Swallowing Quality of Life questionnaire (SWAL-QOL) is widely used clinically and in research to evaluate quality of life related to swallowing difficulties. It has been described as a valid and reliable tool, but was developed and tested using classic test theory. This study describes the reliability and validity of the SWAL-QOL using item response theory (IRT; Rasch analysis). SWAL-QOL data were gathered from 507 participants at risk of oropharyngeal dysphagia (OD) across four European countries. OD was confirmed in 75.7% of participants via videofluoroscopy and/or fiberoptic endoscopic evaluation, or a clinical diagnosis based on meeting selected criteria. Patients with esophageal dysphagia were excluded. Data were analysed using Rasch analysis. Item and person reliability was good for all the items combined. However, person reliability was poor for 8 subscales and item reliability was poor for one subscale. Eight subscales exhibited poor person separation and two exhibited poor item separation. Overall item and person fit statistics were acceptable. However, at an individual item fit level results indicated unpredictable item responses for 28 items, and item redundancy for 10 items. The item-person dimensionality map confirmed these findings. Results from the overall Rasch model fit and Principal Component Analysis were suggestive of a second dimension. For all the items combined, none of the item categories were 'category', 'threshold' or 'step' disordered; however, all subscales demonstrated category disordered functioning. Findings suggest an urgent need to further investigate the underlying structure of the SWAL-QOL and its psychometric characteristics using IRT