Activités antimicrobiennes et antioxydantes des extraits aqueux totaux des fruits de Dialium corbisieri et Dialium gossweilerii (Fabaceae- Caesalpinioideae), consommés par les bonobos, Bolobo, République Démocratique du Congo

L’écologie alimentaire de certains animaux suggèrerait une possible utilisation de plantes à des fins thérapeutiques. Les observations comportementales du bonobo (Pan paniscus) menées in situ, ont révélé la similitude d’utilisation de ces plantes par les populations locales Téké de Bolobo en République Démocratique du Congo. L’analyse phytochimique qualitative des extraits totaux aqueux des fruits de Dialium corbisieri Staner et Dialium gossweilerii Bak. a révélé la présence  d’alcaloïdes, d’anthocyanes, de flavonoïdes, de saponosides, des sucres réducteurs et de tanins catéchiques. La meilleure activité antimicrobienne de disque de  diffusion sur milieu Mueller-Hinton agar a été observée avec les extraits de D. gossweilerii à la dose de 100 μg avec des diamètres de zones d’inhibition pour  Escherichia coli (11 mm), Klebsiella pneumoniae (10 mm), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (9 mm), Staphylococcus aureus (10 mm) et Candida albicans (10 mm) comparativement aux extraits de D. corbisieri qui n’ont présenté aucun effet inhibiteur sur ces germes. Lesquels extraits ont relevé aussi un fort potentiel  antioxydant par le radical DPPH de l’ordre de 14,44 μg.ml-1 et plus faibles pour D. gossweilerii (CI >500 μg.ml-1). Certains fruits que consomment les bonobos  contiendraient des principes actifs susceptibles d’occuper une place de choix dans la médecine moderne contre nombreuses pathologies.Mots clés : Panpaniscus, Dialium spp.,a biologiques, zoopharmacognosie

Nomenclature- and Database-Compatible Names for the Two Ebola Virus Variants that Emerged in Guinea and the Democratic Republic of the Congo in 2014

In 2014, Ebola virus (EBOV) was identified as the etiological agent of a large and still expanding outbreak of Ebola virus disease (EVD) in West Africa and a much more confined EVD outbreak in Middle Africa. Epidemiological and evolutionary analyses confirmed that all cases of both outbreaks are connected to a single introduction each of EBOV into human populations and that both outbreaks are not directly connected. Coding-complete genomic sequence analyses of isolates revealed that the two outbreaks were caused by two novel EBOV variants, and initial clinical observations suggest that neither of them should be considered strains. Here we present consensus decisions on naming for both variants (West Africa: “Makona”, Middle Africa: “Lomela”) and provide database-compatible full, shortened, and abbreviated names that are in line with recently established filovirus sub-species nomenclatures

New filovirus disease classification and nomenclature

Filoviruses, the members of the family Filoviridae, are currently classified into one proposed and five established genera (Supplementary Table 1). Of the twelve described filoviruses, six have been identified as aetiological agents of naturally occurring human disease outbreaks

New filovirus disease classification and nomenclature.

The recent large outbreak of Ebola virus disease (EVD) in Western Africa resulted in greatly increased accumulation of human genotypic, phenotypic and clinical data, and improved our understanding of the spectrum of clinical manifestations. As a result, the WHO disease classification of EVD underwent major revision

Ebola Virus Disease, Democratic Republic of the Congo, 2014

During July-November 2014, the Democratic Republic of the Congo underwent its seventh Ebola virus disease (EVD) outbreak. The etiologic agent was Zaire Ebola virus; 66 cases were reported (overall case-fatality rate 74.2%). Through a retrospective observational study of confirmed EVD in 25 patients admitted to either of 2 Ebola treatment centers, we described clinical features and investigated correlates associated with death. Clinical features were mainly generic. At admission, 76% of patients had >1 gastrointestinal symptom and 28% >1 hemorrhagic symptom. The case-fatality rate in this group was 48% and was higher for female patients (67%). Cox regression analysis correlated death with initial low cycle threshold, indicating high viral load. Cycle threshold was a robust predictor of death, as were fever, hiccups, diarrhea, dyspnea, dehydration, disorientation, hematemesis, bloody feces during hospitalization, and anorexia in recent medical history. Differences from other outbreaks could suggest guidance for optimizing clinical management and disease control

Ebola virus disease in the Democratic Republic of Congo

BACKGROUND The seventh reported outbreak of Ebola virus disease (EVD) in the equatorial African country of the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) began on July 26, 2014, as another large EVD epidemic continued to spread in West Africa. Simultaneous reports of EVD in equatorial and West Africa raised the question of whether the two outbreaks were linked. METHODS We obtained data from patients in the DRC, using the standard World Health Organization clinical-investigation form for viral hemorrhagic fevers. Patients were classified as having suspected, probable, or confirmed EVD or a non-EVD illness. Blood samples were obtained for polymerase-chain-reaction-based diagnosis, viral isolation, sequencing, and phylogenetic analysis. RESULTS The outbreak began in Inkanamongo village in the vicinity of Boende town in Equateur province and has been confined to that province. A total of 69 suspected, probable, or confirmed cases were reported between July 26 and October 7, 2014, including 8 cases among health care workers, with 49 deaths. As of October 7, there have been approximately six generations of cases of EVD since the outbreak began. The reported weekly case incidence peaked in the weeks of August 17 and 24 and has since fallen sharply. Genome sequencing revealed Ebola virus (EBOV, Zaire species) as the cause of this outbreak. A coding-complete genome sequence of EBOV that was isolated during this outbreak showed 99.2% identity with the most closely related variant from the 1995 outbreak in Kikwit in the DRC and 96.8% identity to EBOV variants that are currently circulating in West Africa. CONCLUSIONS The current EVD outbreak in the DRC has clinical and epidemiologic characteristics that are similar to those of previous EVD outbreaks in equatorial Africa. The causal agent is a local EBOV variant, and this outbreak has a zoonotic origin different from that in the 2014 epidemic in West Africa

New filovirus disease classification and nomenclature

The recent large outbreak of Ebola virus disease (EVD) in Western Africa resulted in greatly increased accumulation of human genotypic, phenotypic and clinical data, and improved our understanding of the spectrum of clinical manifestations. As a result, the WHO disease classification of EVD underwent major revision.Federal funds from the National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), under Contract No. HHSN261200800001E (I.C.). G.I. is grateful for support from the Italian Ministry of Health, grant Ricerca Corrente, Research programme n.1. The UK Public Health Rapid Support Team (D.G.B.) is funded by the UK Department of Health and Social Care.https://www.nature.com/nrmicrohj2020Veterinary Tropical Disease