The Innovative Development of the Jacquard Weaving Machine in Japan

The Jacquard machine is an innovative automatic weaving device traditionally controlled by punching cards. It was invented by Joseph Jacquard and first exhibited at the Paris Exposition in 1801. The machine quickly became popular, mainly around Lyon, France. In Japan, the first Jacquard loom was brought from Lyon to Nishijin by Tsuneshichi Sakura and others in 1873. Since then, the Jacquard loom for Kimono has evolved in its unique way. Before the introduction of the Jacquard loom, there was already a difference between the European-style draw-loom and the Japanese sorabiki-bata. Therefore, the Jacquard system was adopted carefully in Japan and developed independently. To compare machines and textile designs, we will review patents and utility models related to Jacquard looms, many of which are from the Meiji era (1868 - 1912), to clarify how the European-style Jacquard looms were adapted to fit the Japanese style. The structure, mechanism, and design methods of the punch card of the Japanese Jacquard differ significantly from the European-style Jacquard looms that are currently widely used in Japan and abroad. In recent years, the computerization of Jacquard looms has progressed, and the punching cards of Japanese and European-style Jacquard looms have been converted into computer data. This allows for an easy comparison of the machine structures and design methods between the two. By comparing the Japanese and European-style Jacquard looms, we would like to clarify the reasons why the previous generation of engineers further developed the Japanese Jacquard loom and lead it to the development of new fabrics that utilize the strengths of both Japanese, and European-style Jacquard looms.Session IV : Textile Design in Global Contex

List of microplankton in Uranouchi Inlet, Kochi, Japan during the summer of 1997

Ninety-nine species of microplankton excluding crustaceans are listed from Uranouchi Inlet, Kochi, Japan, during the summer of 1997. The list comprises 33 new records from Uranouchi Inlet

Phylogeography of the Coccus scale insects inhabiting myrmecophytic Macaranga plants in Southeast Asia

Comparative historical biogeography of multiple symbionts occurring on a common host taxa can shed light on the processes of symbiont diversification. Myrmecophytic Macaranga plants are associated with the obligate mutualistic symbionts: Crematogaster (subgenus Decacrema) ants and Coccus scale insects. We conduct phylogeographic analyses based on mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I (COI) from 253 scale insects collected from 15 locations in Borneo, Malaya and Sumatra, to investigate the historical biogeography of the scales, and then to draw comparisons with that of the symbiotic, but independently dispersing, Decacrema ants which are not specific to different Coccus lineages. Despite the different mode of ancient diversification, reconstruction of ancestral area and age estimation on the Coccus phylogeny showed that the scales repeatedly migrated between Borneo and Malaya from Pliocene to Pleistocene, which is consistent with the Decacrema ants. Just as with the ants, the highest number of lineages in the scale insects was found in northern northwest Borneo, suggesting that these regions were rainforest refugia during cool dry phases of the Pleistocene. Overall, general congruence between the Plio-Pleistocene diversification histories of the symbiotic scales and ants suggests that they experienced a common history of extinction/migration despite their independent mode of dispersal and host-colonization.ArticlePopulation ecology. 52(1):137-146 (2010)journal articl

Suzaku and Optical Spectroscopic Observations of SS 433 in the 2006 April Multiwavelength Campaign

We report results of the 2006 April multi-wavelengths campaign of SS 433, focusing on X-ray data observed with Suzaku at two orbital phases (in- and out-of- eclipse) and simultaneous optical spectroscopic observations. By analyzing the Fe25 K_alpha lines originating from the jets, we detect rapid variability of the Doppler shifts, dz/dt ~ 0.019/0.33 day^-1, which is larger than those expected from the precession and/or nodding motion. This phenomenon probably corresponding to "jitter" motions observed for the first time in X-rays, for which significant variability both in the jet angle and intrinsic speed is required. From the time lag of optical Doppler curves from those of X-rays, we estimate the distance of the optical jets from the base to be ~(3-4) \times 10^14 cm. Based on the radiatively cooling jet model, we determine the innermost temperature of the jets to be T_0 = 13 +/- 2 keV and 16 +/- 3 keV (the average of the blue and red jets) for the out-of-eclipse and in-eclipse phase, respectively, from the line intensity ratio of Fe25 K_alpha and Fe26 K_alpha. While the broad band continuum spectra over the 5--40 keV band in eclipse is consistent with a multi-temperature bremsstrahlung emission expected from the jets, and its reflection component from cold matter, the out-of-eclipse spectrum is harder than the jet emission with the base temperature determined above, implying the presence of an additional hard component.Comment: 12 pages, 15 figures, accepted for publication in PAS

Facile Photo-Oxidation of Alcohols by a Flavin with a Metal-Chelation Site

A new flavin molecule with a metal-chelation site has been applied to photo-oxidation of alcohols: it is 2, 4, 7-trimethyl-10-benzylquino [8, 7-g] pteridine-9, 11 (7H, 10H) -dione (1) which has both an isoalloxazine structure and a phenathroline-like structure within a molecule. In contrast to conventional flavins which do not exhibit any measurable affinity toward redox-inactive transition metal ions, 1 formed stable complexes with most heavy metal ions in acetonitrile probably by means of a flavin → metal charge transfer. Photooxidation of alcohols by 1 was efficiently accelerated in the presence of Mg(II) and Zn(II), the k1 (pseudo-first-order rate constant) being greater by 5.1-7l fold than those in the absence of metal ions. Such a marked rate increase was not observed for 3-methyl-10-ethylisoalloxazine used as a reference flavin. The aerobic photo-oxidation of benzyl alcohol by the 1・Zn(II) complex served as a light-mediated recycle oxidation catalyst. These results indicate that the flavin with a metal-chelation site is not only useful synthetically as a recycle-type oxidation catalyst but also capable of mimicking the flavin-metal interactions important in metalloflavoproteins

Pembelajaran Berbasis Projek dengan Pendekatan Jelajah Alam Sekitar sebagai Model Perkuliahan Fisiologi Hewan

Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk menguji efektivitas penerapan model pembelajaran berbasis projek (Project Based Learning/PBL) dengan pendekatan Jelajah Alam Sekitar (JAS) pada perkuliahan Fisiologi Hewan bagi mahasiswa Program Studi Pendidikan Biologi. Penelitian ini merupakan quasi eksperimen dengan desain one shot case study. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah mahasiswa Program Studi Pendidikan Biologi dan sebagai sampel adalah mahasiswa semester 4 Prodi Pendidikan Biologi rombel 1,2,dan 3 tahun ajaran 2010 / 2011 yang mengambil mata kuliah Fisiologi Hewan. Pengambilan sampel dengan teknik purposive random sampling. Sebagai variabel bebas adalah penerapan model PBL dengan pendekatan JAS, sedangkan sebagai variabel terikat adalah efektivitas model pembelajaran yang diterapkan dilihat dari hasil belajar, aktivitas siswa dan keterlaksanaan kegiatan yang diprogramkan. Sumber data penelitian adalah mahasiswa. Data yang diambil adalah nilai ujian tulis, nilai laporan, nilai presentasi , aktivitas mahasiswa serta tanggapan keterlaksanaan PBL dengan pendekatan JAS. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penerapan model PBL dengan pendekatan JAS telah dapat mencapai indikator-indikator yang ditetapkan yaitu mahasiswa yang memperoleh nilai minimal B mencapai 70%, tanpa nilai D dan E, mahasiswa dengan kriteria keaktifan pada kategori tinggi dan sangat tinggi mencapai minimal 80%, dan tingkat keterlaksanaan kegiatan dalam pembelajaran berbasis projek dengan pendekatan JAS mencapai 80%. Simpulan yang dapat diambil dari penelitian ini adalah model pembelajaran berbasis projek dengan pendekatan JAS pada perkuliahan Fisiologi Hewan efektif diterapkan

プロティノス ノ ティマイオス カイシャク タマシイロン ニオケル Tim35a ノ イチ

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Determination of association constants between 5 '-guanosine monophosphate gel and aromatic compounds by capillary electrophoresis

Hydro gel formed by 5'-guanosine monophosphate (GMP) in the presence of a potassium ion is expected to exhibit interesting selectivity in capillary electrophoretic separations. Here, we estimated the conditional association constants between the hydro gel (G-gel) and aromatic compounds by capillary electrophoresis in order to investigate the separation selectivity that is induced by the G-gel. Several aromatic compounds were separated in a solution containing GMP and potassium ion at different concentrations. The association constants were calculated by correlating the electrophoretic mobilities of the analytes obtained experimentally using a concentration of G-gel. During semi-quantitative estimation, naphthalene derivatives had larger association constants (K-ass = 10.3-16.8) compared with those of benzene derivatives (K-ass = 3.91-5.31), which means that the binding sites of G-gel match better to a naphthalene ring than to a benzene ring. A hydrophobic interaction was also found when the association constants for alkyl resorcinol were compared with those of different hydrocarbon chains. The association constants of nucleobases and tryptophan ranged from 6.05 to 12.6, which approximated the intermediate values between benzene and naphthalene derivatives. Consequently, the selective interaction between G-gel and aromatic compounds was classified as one of three types: (1) an intercalation into stacked planar GMP tetramers; (2) a hydrophobic interaction with a long alkyl chain; or, (3) a small contribution of steric hindrance and/or hydrogen bonding with functional groups such as amino and hydroxyl groups