Surface Roughness of Commercial Composites after Different Polishing Protocols: An Analysis with Atomic Force Microscopy

Polishing may increase the surface roughness of composites, with a possible effect on bacterial growth and material properties. This preliminary in vitro study evaluates the effect of three different polishing systems (PoGo polishers, Enhance, Venus Supra) on six direct resin composites (Gradia Direct, Venus, Venus Diamond, Enamel Plus HFO, Tetric Evoceram, Filtek Supreme XT)

Confocal Laser Microscopic Analysis of Biofilm on Newer Feldspar Ceramic

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Purpose: This study evaluated the surface roughness, hydrophobicity and in situ dental biofilm associated with microfilled feldspar ceramics submitted to the different finishing and polishing procedures. Methods and Materials: Samples were made according to the manufacturer's instructions and allocated to groups as follows: glaze (G1); glaze and diamond bur (G2); glaze, diamond bur and rubber tips (G3) and glaze, diamond bur, rubber tips and felt disks impregnated with a fine-aluminum oxide particle based paste (G4). Roughness was evaluated with a roughness analyzer (R-a). Hydrophobicity was determined by the contact angle of deionized water on samples. Biofilm was evaluated eight hours after formation in the oral environment using confocal laser-scanning microscopy (CLSM) and scanning-electron microscopy (SEM). Results: Significant differences were found related to roughness (G1<G4<G3<G2). G1 presented the highest hydrophobicity. G1 and G4 presented the lowest mean thickness and biovolume of biofilm when compared to G2 and G3, both of which were similar. Isolated cocci were verified in G1 and G4 using SEM, while G2 and G3 presented bacteria aggregates. Conclusion: Polishing with rubber points followed by felt disks impregnated with a fine-aluminum oxide particle resulted in biofilm formation similar to that present with a glazed ceramic surface, even though the surface is still rougher and more hydrophobic.3614351Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP