First report of naturally infected Sergentomyia minuta with Leishmania major in Tunisia

International audienceBackground: Many sand fly species are implicated in the transmission cycle of Leishmania parasites around the world. Incriminating new sand flies species, as vectors of Leishmania is crucial to understanding the parasite-vector transmission cycle in different areas in Tunisia and surrounding countries. Findings: Seventy-four unfed females belonging to the genera Sergentomyia and Phlebotomus were collected in South Tunisia between June and November 2014, using sticky papers. PCR-RFLP (Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism) analysis of the internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1) was used for Leishmania parasites detection and identification. Leishmania (L.) major (Yakimoff & Shokkor, 1914) was identified within two Sergentomyia (S.) minuta (Rondani, 1843) and one Phlebotomus papatasi (Scopoli, 1786). Conclusion: This is the first report of L. major identified from S. minuta in Tunisia. This novel finding enhances the understanding of the transmission cycle of L. major parasites of cutaneous leishmaniasis in an endemic area in South Tunisia

A historical overview of the classification, evolution, and dispersion of Leishmania parasites and sandflies

Background The aim of this study is to describe the major evolutionary historical events among Leishmania, sandflies, and the associated animal reservoirs in detail, in accordance with the geographical evolution of the Earth, which has not been previously discussed on a large scale. Methodology and Principal Findings Leishmania and sandfly classification has always been a controversial matter, and the increasing number of species currently described further complicates this issue. Despite several hypotheses on the origin, evolution, and distribution of Leishmania and sandflies in the Old and New World, no consistent agreement exists regarding dissemination of the actors that play roles in leishmaniasis. For this purpose, we present here three centuries of research on sandflies and Leishmania descriptions, as well as a complete description of Leishmania and sandfly fossils and the emergence date of each Leishmania and sandfly group during different geographical periods, from 550 million years ago until now. We discuss critically the different approaches that were used for Leishmana and sandfly classification and their synonymies, proposing an updated classification for each species of Leishmania and sandfly. We update information on the current distribution and dispersion of different species of Leishmania (53), sandflies (more than 800 at genus or subgenus level), and animal reservoirs in each of the following geographical ecozones: Palearctic, Nearctic, Neotropic, Afrotropical, Oriental, Malagasy, and Australian. We propose an updated list of the potential and proven sandfly vectors for each Leishmania species in the Old and New World. Finally, we address a classical question about digenetic Leishmania evolution: which was the first host, a vertebrate or an invertebrate? Conclusions and Significance We propose an updated view of events that have played important roles in the geographical dispersion of sandflies, in relation to both the Leishmania species they transmit and the animal reservoirs of the parasites

TUBERCULOUS CERVICAL LYMPHADENOPATHY AND THE ROLE OF SURGICAL TREATMENT

Abstract. The relationship between the size of a lymph node in tuberculous cervical lymphadenopathy (TCL) cases and the role of surgery is unclear. We examined the outcomes in patients with TCL treated between October 2011 and November 2013 at the ENT Department, Hatyai Hospital. Ninety-seven patients were included in the study. The subjects were divided into five groups based on clinical presentation and anatomical site of the involved lymph nodes: 1) solitary lymph node (n=36), 2) multiple lymph nodes at one anatomical site (n=31), 3) lymph nodes at multiple anatomical sites (n=16), 4) patients with lymph node abscesses (n=12), and 5) patients with fistulas (n=2). Of the 36 solitary lymph node cases, 14 had a lymph node ≥3 cm in diameter. Eight of the 14 had complete surgical excision of the node before receiving a full course of medication and all did well. Six of the 14 who were treated with drug therapy alone had problems: 2 progressed to abscess formation and 4 had residual enlargement of their lymph nodes that required surgery. The cure rates differed significantly by type of treatment (p<0.001). Of the 47 cases with multiple cervical lymph nodes ≥3 cm in diameter, 13 were treated with medication alone; 9 (69%) did well and 4 developed an abscess and had residual lymphadenopathy. All 34 cases treated with modified neck dissection before a full course of medication were cured. The cure rates differed significantly by type of treatment (p=0.004). These results suggest surgical treatment for all accessible lymph nodes ≥3 cm in diameter in patients with TCL prior to a full course of drug therapy significantly increases the cure rate compared to medication alone

การประเมินศักยภาพของตำบลลำปำเพื่อการพัฒนาไปสู่แหล่งท่องเที่ยวเชิงอนุรักษ์

Thessis (M.B.A., Hospitality and Tourism Management)--Prince of Songkla University, 200

โครงการออกแบบบรรจุภัณฑ์อาหารคลีนสำหรับการจัดจำหน่ายแบบเดลิเวอรี่

โครงงานพิเศษ (ทล.บ.) -- มหาวิทยาลัยเทคโนโลยีราชมงคลพระนคร, 2561This Arts project have Purposes to design Packaging of Clean Food for Dealing and Delivery. By that designing was consists of, The structure of the packaging, The graphic of the packaging and the shelves showing for responding the selection to purchase or use of customers. 1. The packaging is unique and protecting the product inside is not causing damage. 2. The graphic on the packaging have the dominance and the beauty to attract consumers. The important thing was the packaging might increase the value for products also. 3. The shelves showing can Placement of product appropriate for the brandidentity. To help promote sales and create a good image for the product. The operation as the interviews and questionnaires formentrepreneurs of products / location and satisfaction assessment form had respondent with experts from 3 sides include information of designing of the structure, the graphic and marketing/ shelves showing. By satisfaction assessment form will uses analyze data and average results. Percentage and presentation in table and descriptive writing.The research result was concluded that most of the Satisfaction Assessment Form of general peoples were women for the number of 80 persons at 80% that had the age range between 20-24 years at 35%. satisfaction assessment fom in the structure of the packaging was The total average were at 4.25 In the much criteria. satisfaction assessment form in the graphic on the packaging was the total average were at 5. In the Most criteria. satisfaction assessment form in marketing the shelves showing of products was the total average were at 4.08. In the much criteria.Rajamangala University of Technology Phra Nakho