New triterpenoid saponin from the stems of Albizia adianthifolia (Schumach.) W.Wight

As part of our continuing study of apoptosis-inducing saponins from CameroonianAlbiziagenus, one new triterpenoid saponin, named adianthifolioside J (1), together with the known gummiferaoside E (2), were isolated fromAlbizia adianthifoliastems. The structure of the new saponin (1), was established on the basis of extensive analysis of 1 D and 2 D NMR (H-1-,C-13-NMR, DEPT, COSY, TOCSY, NOESY, HSQC, HSQC-TOCSY and HMBC) and HRESIMS experiments, and by chemical evidence as 3-O-[beta-D-xylopyranosyl-(1 -> 2)-beta-D-fucopyranosyl-(1 -> 6)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl]-21-O-{(2E,6S)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-methyl-6-O-{4-O-[(2E,6S)-2,6-dimethyl-6-O-(beta-D-quinovopyranosyl)octa-2,7-dienoyl]-(beta-D-quinovopyranosyl)octa-2,7-dienoyl]}acacic acid-28-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 -> 3)-[5-O-acetyl-alpha-L-arabinofuranosyl-(1 -> 4)]-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 -> 2)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl ester (1).The pro-apoptotic activity of the new isolated saponin1was evaluated, using Annexin V-FITC binding assay, on the A431 human epidermoid cancer cell. The result showed that adianthifolioside J (1) displayed weak pro-apoptotic activity

Triterpenoid saponins from the stem barks of Chytranthus klaineanus Radlk. ex Engl

In our continuing studies on saponins from Cameroonian medicinal plants, phytochemical investigation of Chytranthus klaineanus stem barks led to the isolation of three new oleanane-type saponins, named Klaineanosides A-C(1-3). Their structures were established by extensive analysis of their spectral data, mainly 1D(H-1, C-13 NMR, and DEPT) and 2D (COSY, HSQC, NOESY, HSQC-TOCSY, and HMBC) NMR experiments, and mass spectrometry as 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 -> 3)-beta-D-xylopyranosyl-(1 -> 4)[-beta-D-xylopyranosyl(1 -> 3)-beta-D-xylopyranosyl(1 -> 3)-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 -> 2)]-alpha-L-arabinopyranosylhederagenin(1), 3-O-beta-D-glucopyr-anosyl-(1 -> 3)-beta-D-xylopyranosyl-(1 -> 4)[ beta-D-xylopyranosyl(1 -> 3)-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 -> 2)]-alpha-L-arabinopyr-anosylhederagenin(2), and 3-O-beta-D-xylopyranosyl(1 -> 4)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 -> 3)-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 -> 2)-alpha-L-arabinopyranosylhederagenin(3). These triterpene saponins 1-3 have hederagenin as aglycone with a-(3)Rha-(2)Ara-(3)hederagenin oligosaccharidic sequence usually found in Sapindaceae family

Individual and healthcare supply-related barriers to treatment initiation in HIV-positive patients enrolled in the Cameroonian antiretroviral treatment access programme

International audienceIncreasing demand for antiretroviral treatment (ART) together with a reduction in international funding during the last decade may jeopardize access to ART. Using data from a cross-sectional survey conducted in 2014 in 19 HIV services in the Centre and Littoral regions in Cameroon, we investigated the role of healthcare supply-related factors in time to ART initiation in HIV-positive patients eligible for ART at HIV diagnosis. HIV service profiles were built using cluster analysis. Factors associated with time to ART initiation were identified using a multilevel Cox model. The study population included 847 HIV-positive patients (women 72%, median age: 39 years). Median (interquartile range) time to ART initiation was 1.6 (0.5-4.3) months. Four HIV service profiles were identified: (1) small services with a limited staff practising partial task-shifting (n = 4); (2) experienced and well-equipped services practising task-shifting and involving HIV community-based organizations (n = 5); (3) small services with limited resources and activities (n = 6); (4) small services providing a large range of activities using task-shifting and involving HIV community-based organizations (n = 4). The multivariable model showed that HIV-positive patients over 39 years old [hazard ratio: 1.26 (95% confidence interval) (1.09-1.45), P = 0.002], those with disease symptoms [1.21 (1.04-1.41), P = 0.015] and those with hepatitis B co-infection [2.31 (1.15-4.66), P = 0.019] were all more likely to initiate ART early. However, patients in the first profile were less likely to initiate ART early [0.80 (0.65-0.99), P = 0.049] than those in the second profile, as were patients in the third profile [association only significant at the 10% level; 0.86 (0.72-1.02), P = 0.090]. Our findings provide a better understanding of the role played by healthcare supply-related factors in ART initiation. In HIV services with limited capacity, task-shifting and support from community-based organizations may improve treatment access. Additional funding is required to relieve healthcare supply-related barriers and achieve the goal of universal ART access