109 research outputs found
Enabling cooperative behavior for building demand response based on extended joint action learning
This paper explores the use of distributed intelligence to assist the integration of the demand as a flexible resource, to mitigate the emerging uncertainty in the power system, while fulfilling the customer's local needs, i.e., comfort management. More exactly, our contribution is twofold. First, we propose a novel cooperative and decentralized reinforcement learning method, dubbed extended joint action learning (eJAL). Second, we perform a comparison between eJAL to noncooperative decentralized decision making strategies, i.e., Q-learning, and a centralized game theoretic approach, i.e., Nash n-player game. This comparison has been conducted on the basis of grid support effectiveness and the loss of comfort for each customer. Various metrics were used to analyze the advantages and disadvantages of each method. We demonstrated that a range of flexibility requests can be met by providing an optimal energy portfolio of buildings without substantially violating comfort constraints. Moreover, we showed that the proposed eJAL method achieves the highest fairness index.</p
Enabling cooperative behavior for building demand response based on extended joint action learning
This paper explores the use of distributed intelligence to assist the integration of the demand as a flexible resource, to mitigate the emerging uncertainty in the power system, while fulfilling the customer's local needs, i.e., comfort management. More exactly, our contribution is twofold. First, we propose a novel cooperative and decentralized reinforcement learning method, dubbed extended joint action learning (eJAL). Second, we perform a comparison between eJAL to noncooperative decentralized decision making strategies, i.e., Q-learning, and a centralized game theoretic approach, i.e., Nash n-player game. This comparison has been conducted on the basis of grid support effectiveness and the loss of comfort for each customer. Various metrics were used to analyze the advantages and disadvantages of each method. We demonstrated that a range of flexibility requests can be met by providing an optimal energy portfolio of buildings without substantially violating comfort constraints. Moreover, we showed that the proposed eJAL method achieves the highest fairness index.</p
The DREAM innovative software architecture for high DG-RES distribution grids
The DREAM software architecture model describes a reference class model, that aids in integrating the different components for active distribution grids. Theapplication domains, in which the framework can be used range from simulation (proof-of-concept) to implementation (proof-of feasibility). The frameworkfacilitates interoperability on the software and hardware level as well as from the communication technology level. The framework was designed from a use casesperspective. The major functionality implemented relates to flexible, heterarchic aggregation and coordination ofdevices involved in demand and supply of electricity. In the grid context aim, is to achieve a common objective, prioritize actions and operate on various timescales of grid operational and market functions. To that end, in the framework, monitoring data are handled and stored in a distributed fashion in order to directly steer or coordinate the operation of devices. These persistent dataalso allow handling forecasts and create interaction possibilities with actors or communities of actors on global and local markets and with operations in activedistribution grids and customer energy management. A first implementation is now being built
Agilometer: An Effective Implementation of Internet of Things for Agile Demand Response
Transactive based control mechanism (TCM) needs the IoT environment to fully explore flexibility potential from the end-users to offer to involved actors of the smart energy system. On the other hand, many IoT based energy management systems are already available to a market. This paper presents an ap-proach to connect the current demand-driven (top-down) energy management system (EMS) with a market-driven (bottom-up) demand response program. To this end, this paper considers multi-agent system (MAS) to realize the approach and introduces the concept and standardize design of Agilometer. It is described as an elemental agent of the approach. Proposed by authors Agilometer consists of three different functional blocks, which are formulated as an IoT platform according to the LonWorks standard. Moreover, the paper also performs an evaluation study in order to validate the proposed concept and design
The Detection of a Massive Chain of Dark H i Clouds in the GAMA G23 Field
We report on the detection of a large, extended H i cloud complex in the Galaxy and Mass Survey G23 field, located at a redshift of z ∼0.03, observed as part of the MeerKAT Habitat of Galaxies Survey campaign (a pilot survey to explore the mosaicing capabilities of the MeerKAT telescope). The cloud complex, with a total mass of 1010.0 M, lies in proximity to a large galaxy group with M dyn ∼1013.5 M. We identify seven H peak concentrations, interconnected as a tenuous chain structure, extending ∼400 kpc from east to west, with the largest (central) concentration containing 109.7 M in H gas distributed across 50 kpc. The main source is not detected in ultraviolet, optical, or infrared imaging. The implied gas mass-to-light ratio (M H I/L r) is extreme (>1000) even in comparison to other dark clouds. The complex has very little kinematic structure (110 km s-1), making it difficult to identify cloud rotation. Assuming pressure support, the total mass of the central concentration is > 1010.2 M, while a lower limit to the dynamical mass in the case of full rotational support is 1010.4 M. If the central concentration is a stable structure, it has to contain some amount of unseen matter, but potentially less than is observed for a typical galaxy. It is, however, not clear whether the structure has any gravitationally stable concentrations. We report a faint UV-optical-infrared source in proximity to one of the smaller concentrations in the gas complex, leading to a possible stellar association. The system nature and origins is enigmatic, potentially being the result of an interaction with or within the galaxy group it appears to be associated with
MeerKAT-16 HI observation of the dIrr galaxy WLM
We present observations and models of the kinematics and the distribution of the
neutral hydrogen (Hi) in the isolated dwarf irregular galaxy, Wolf-Lundmark-Melotte
(WLM). We observed WLM with the Green Bank Telescope (GBT) and as part of
the MeerKAT Early Science Programme, where 16 dishes were available. The Hi disc
of WLM extends out to a major axis diameter of 300 (8.5 kpc), and a minor axis
diameter of 200 (5.6 kpc) as measured by the GBT. We use the MeerKAT data to
model WLM using the TiRiFiC software suite, allowing us to t di erent tilted-ring
models and select the one that best matches the observation. Our nal best- tting
model is a
at disc with a vertical thickness, a constant inclination and dispersion,
and a radially-varying surface brightness with harmonic distortions. To simulate bar-
like motions, we include second-order harmonic distortions in velocity in the tangential
and the vertical directions. We present a model with only circular motions included
and a model with non-circular motions. The latter describes the data better. Overall,
the models reproduce the global distribution and the kinematics of the gas, except for
some faint emission at the 2 level. We model the mass distribution of WLM with a
pseudo-isothermal (ISO) and a Navarro-Frenk-White (NFW) dark matter halo models.
The NFW and the ISO models t the derived rotation curves within the formal errors,
but with the ISO model giving better reduced chi-square values. The mass distribution
in WLM is dominated by dark matter at all radii.The MeerKAT telescope is operated by the South African
Radio Astronomy Observatory, which is a facility of the Na-
tional Research Foundation, an agency of the Department
of Science and Innovation.
This work is based upon research supported by the South
African Research Chairs Initiative of the Department of Sci-
ence and Technology and National Research Foundation.
The nancial assistance of the South African Radio Astron-
omy Observatory (SARAO) towards this research is hereby
acknowledged (www.sarao.ac.za).
PK is partially supported by the BMBF project 05A17PC2
for D-MeerKAT.
AS acknowledges the Russian Science Foundation grant
19-12-00281 and the Program of development of M.V.http://mnras.oxfordjournals.orgam2021Physic
GASP XXVI. HI gas in jellyfish galaxies : the case of JO201 and JO206
Please read abstract in the article.European
Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research
and innovation programme grant agreement no. 679627 and no.833824,
project name FORNAX and GASP, respectively. We acknowledge funding from
the agreement ASI-INAF n.2017-14-H.0, as well as from the INAF main-stream
funding programme. M. R’s research is supported by the SARAO HCD programme
via the "New Scientific Frontiers with Precision Radio Interferometry"
research group grant. M. R. acknowledges support from the Italian Ministry
of Foreign A airs and International Cooperation (MAECI Grant Number
ZA18GR02) and the South African Department of Science and Technology’s
National Research Foundation (DST-NRF Grant Number 113121) as
part of the ISARP RADIOSKY2020 Joint Research Scheme. B. V. and M. G.
also acknowledge the Italian PRIN-Miur 2017 (PI A. Cimatti). Y. J. acknowledges
financial support from CONICYT PAI (Concurso Nacional de Insercion
en la Academia 2017), No. 79170132 and FONDECYT Iniciación 2018 No.
11180558. M. V. acknowledges support by the Netherlands Foundation for Scientific
Research (NWO) through VICI grant 016.130.338.http://www.aanda.orgam2020Physic
The extended H i halo of NGC 4945 as seen by MeerKAT
The State Agency for Research of the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities through the ‘Center of Excellence Severo Ochoa’ awarded to the Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía; the Economic Transformation, Industry, Knowledge and Universities Council of the Regional Government of Andalusia and the European Regional Development Fund from the European Union; the South African Radio Astronomy Observatory (SARAO); BMBF Verbundforschung; DFG Sonderforschungsbereich and the European Research Council (ERC).http://mnras.oxfordjournals.orghj2022Physic
Anomalous gas in ESO 149-G003 : a MeerKAT-16 view
ESO 149-G003 is a close-by, isolated dwarf irregular galaxy. Previous observations with the ATCA indicated the presence of anomalous neutral hydrogen (HI) deviating from the kinematics of a regularly rotating disc. We conducted follow-up observations with the MeerKAT radio telescope during the 16-dish Early Science programme as well as with the MeerLICHT optical telescope. Our more sensitive radio observations confirm the presence of anomalous gas in ESO 149-G003, and further confirm the formerly tentative detection of an extraplanar HI component in the galaxy. Employing a simple tilted-ring model, in which the kinematics is determined with only four parameters but including morphological asymmetries, we reproduce the galaxy’s morphology, which shows a high degree of asymmetry. By comparing our model with the observed HI, we find that in our model, we cannot account for a significant (but not dominant) fraction of the gas. From the differences between our model and the observed data cube, we estimate that at least 7–8 per cent of the HI in the galaxy exhibits anomalous kinematics, while we estimate a minimum mass fraction of less than 1 per cent for the morphologically confirmed extraplanar component. We investigate a number of global scaling relations and find that, besides being gas-dominated with a neutral gas-to-stellar mass ratio of 1.7, the galaxy does not show any obvious global peculiarities. Given its isolation, as confirmed by optical observations, we conclude that the galaxy is likely currently acquiring neutral gas. It is either re-accreting gas expelled from the galaxy or accreting pristine intergalactic material.http://mnras.oxfordjournals.orghj2022Physic
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