400 research outputs found
HALOGAS observations of NGC 5023 and UGC 2082: Modeling of non-cylindrically symmetric gas distributions in edge-on galaxies
In recent years it has become clear that the vertical structure of disk
galaxies is a key ingredient for understanding galaxy evolution. In particular,
the presence and structure of extra-planar gas has been a focus of research.
The Hydrogen Accretion in LOcal GAlaxieS (HALOGAS) survey aims to provide a
census on the rate of cold neutral gas accretion in nearby galaxies as well as
a statistically significant set of galaxies that can be investigated for their
extra-planar gas properties.
In order to better understand the the vertical structure of the neutral
hydrogen in the two edge-on HALOGAS galaxies NGC 5023 and UGC 2082 we construct
detailed tilted ring models. The addition of distortions resembling arcs or
spiral arms significantly improves the fit of the models to these galaxies. In
the case of UGC 2082 no vertical gradient in rotational velocity is required in
either symmetric models nor non-symmetric models to match the observations. The
best fitting model features two arcs of large vertical extent that may be due
to accretion. In the case of NGC 5023 a vertical gradient is required in
symmetric models (dV/dz = km s kpc) and its
magnitude is significantly lowered when non-symmetric models are considered
(dV/dz = km s kpc). Additionally it is shown that the
underlying disk of NGC 5023 can be made symmetric, in all parameters except the
warp, in non-symmetric models. In comparison to the "classical" modeling these
models fit the data significantly better with a limited addition of free
parameters.Comment: 27 Pages, 22 Figures. Accepted for publication in MNRA
Agent based demand flexibility management for wind power forecasting error mitigation using the SG-BEMS framework
The integration process of renewable energy sources (RES) and distributed energy resources (DER) into the power system, is characterized by concerns that originate from their stochastic and uncontrollable nature. This means that system operators require reliable forecasting tools, in order to ensure efficient and reliable operation. Accordingly, this paper proposes the use of demand flexibility, to counteract the RES forecasting errors. For this purpose, distributed and decentralized intelligence is used, via the SG-BEMS framework, to invoke demand flexibility in a timely and effective fashion, while taking into account the negative effects on the building occupants comfort. Lastly, numerical results from a simulated case of study are presented, which confirm that demand flexibility can be used to mitigate the magnitude of forecast errors
3D MHD Modeling of the Gaseous Structure of the Galaxy: Setup and Initial Results
We show the initial results of our 3D MHD simulations of the flow of the
Galactic atmosphere as it responds to a spiral perturbation in the potential.
In our standard case, as the gas approaches the arm, there is a downward
converging flow that terminates in a complex of shocks just ahead of the
midplane density peak. The density maximum slants forward at high z, preceeded
by a similarly leaning shock. The latter diverts the flow upward and over the
arm, as in a hydraulic jump. Behind the gaseous arm, the flow falls again,
generating further secondary shocks as it approaches the lower z material.
Structures similar to the high z part of the gaseous arms are found in the
interarm region of our two-armed case, while broken arms and low column density
bridges are present in the four-armed case.
We present three examples of what can be learned from these models.Comment: 33 pages, 17 figures. Accepted for publication in Apj. Better quality
images in
http://www.journals.uchicago.edu/ApJ/journal/preprints/ApJ55782.preprint.pd
An HI View of Galaxy Conformity: HI-rich Environment around HI-excess Galaxies
Using data taken as part of the Bluedisk project we study the connection
between neutral hydrogen (HI) in the environment of spiral galaxies and that in
the galaxies themselves. We measure the total HI mass present in the
environment in a statistical way by studying the distribution of noise peaks in
the HI data cubes obtained for 40 galaxies observed with WSRT. We find that
galaxies whose HI mass fraction is high relative to standard scaling relations
have an excess HI mass in the surrounding environment as well. Gas in the
environment consists of gas clumps which are individually below the detection
limit of our HI data. These clumps may be hosted by small satellite galaxies
and\or be the high-density peaks of a more diffuse gas distribution in the
inter-galactic medium. We interpret this result as an indication for a picture
in which the HI-rich central galaxies accrete gas from an extended gas
reservoir present in their environment.Comment: 15 pages, 13 figures. Accepted for publication in MNRA
An Exploration of the Tully-Fisher Relation for Extreme Late-Type Spiral Galaxies
This paper explores the adherence of 47 extreme late-type galaxies to the B-
and V-band Tully-Fisher relations defined by a sample of local calibrators. In
both bands we find the mean luminosity at a given line width for extreme
late-type spirals to lie below that predicted by standard Tully-Fisher
relations. While many of the extreme late-type spirals do follow the
Tully-Fisher relation to within our observational uncertainties, most of these
galaxies lie below the normal, linear Tully-Fisher relation, and some are
underluminous by more than 2 sigma (i.e. >1.16 magnitudes in V). This suggests
a possible downward curvature of the Tully-Fisher relation for some of the
smallest and faintest rotationally supported disk galaxies. This may be a
consequence of the increasing prevalence of dark matter in these systems. We
find the deviation from the Tully-Fisher relation to increase with decreasing
luminosity and decreasing optical linear size in our sample, implying that the
physically smallest and faintest spirals may be a structurally and
kinematically distinct class of objects.Comment: 32 pages, 13 figures; to appear in the November A
CO(1-0), CO(2-1) and Neutral Gas in NGC 6946: Molecular Gas in a Late-Type, Gas Rich, Spiral Galaxy
We present "On The Fly" maps of the CO(1-0) and CO(2-1) emission covering a
10' X 10' region of the NGC 6946. Using our CO maps and archival VLA HI
observations we create a total gas surface density map, Sigma_gas, for NGC
6946. The predominantly molecular inner gas disk transitions smoothly into an
atomic outer gas disk, with equivalent atomic and molecular gas surface
densities at R = 3.5' (6 kpc). We estimate that the total H2 mass is 3 X 10^9
Mo, roughly 1/3 of the interstellar hydrogen gas mass, and about 2% of the
dynamical mass of the galaxy at our assumed distance of 6 Mpc. The value of the
CO(2-1)/CO(1-0) line ratio ranges from 0.35 to 2; 50% of the map is covered by
very high ratio, >1, gas. The very high ratios are predominantly from interarm
regions and appear to indicate the presence of wide-spread optically thin gas.
Star formation tracers are better correlated with the total neutral gas disk
than with the molecular gas by itself implying SFR is proportional to
Sigma_gas. Using the 100 FIR and 21 cm continuum from NGC 6946 as star
formation tracers, we arrive at a gas consumption timescale of 2.8 Gyr, which
is relatively uniform across the disk. The high star formation rate at the
nucleus appears to be due to a large accumulation of molecular gas rather than
a large increase in the star formation efficiency. The mid-plane gas pressure
in the outer (R > 10 kpc) HI arms of NGC 6946 is close to the value at the
radial limit (10 kpc) of our observed CO disk. If the mid-plane gas pressure is
a factor for the formation of molecular clouds, these outer HI gas arms should
contain molecular gas which we do not see because they are beyond our detection
limit
The MeerKAT Fornax Survey -- II. The rapid removal of HI from dwarf galaxies in the Fornax cluster
We present MeerKAT Fornax Survey atomic hydrogen (HI) observations of the
dwarf galaxies located in the central ~2.5 x 4 deg of the Fornax galaxy
cluster. The HI images presented in this work have a column density
sensitivity between 2.7 and 50 x 10 cm over 25 km s for
spatial resolution between 4 and 1 kpc. We are able to detect an impressive MHI
= 5 x 10 Msun 3 point source with a line width of 50 km s
at a distance of 20 Mpc. We detect HI in 17 out of the 304 dwarfs in our field
-- 14 out of the 36 late type dwarfs (LTDs), and 3 of the 268 early type dwarfs
(ETDs). The HI-detected LTDs have likely just joined the cluster and are on
their first infall as they are located at large clustocentric radii, with
comparable MHI and mean stellar surface brightness at fixed luminosity as blue,
star-forming LTDs in the field. The HI-detected ETDs have likely been in the
cluster longer than the LTDs and acquired their HI through a recent merger or
accretion from nearby HI. Eight of the HI-detected LTDs host irregular or
asymmetric HI emission and disturbed or lopsided stellar emission. There are
two clear cases of ram-pressure shaping the HI, with the LTDs displaying
compressed HI on the side closest to the cluster centre and a one-sided,
starless tail pointing away from the cluster centre. The HI-detected dwarfs
avoid the most massive potentials, consistent with massive galaxies playing an
active role in the removal of HI. We create a simple toy model to quantify the
timescale of HI stripping in the cluster. We find that a MHI = 10 Msun
dwarf will be stripped in ~ 240 Myr. The model is consistent with our
observations, where low mass LTDs are directly stripped of their HI from a
single encounter and more massive LTDs can harbour a disturbed HI morphology
due to longer times or multiple encounters being required to fully strip their
HI.Comment: Accepted in Astronomy & Astrophysics. 21 pages, 10 figures. Data
available at the MeerKAT Fornax Survey website
https://sites.google.com/inaf.it/meerkatfornaxsurve
An Imaging Survey of Early-Type Barred Galaxies
This paper presents the results of a high-resolution imaging survey, using
both ground-based and Hubble Space Telescope images, of a complete sample of
nearby barred S0--Sa galaxies in the field, with a particular emphasis on
identifying and measuring central structures within the bars: secondary bars,
inner disks, nuclear rings and spirals, and off-plane dust. A discussion of the
frequency and statistical properties of the various types of inner structures
has already been published. Here, we present the data for the individual
galaxies and measurements of their bars and inner structures. We set out the
methods we use to find and measure these structures, and how we discriminate
between them. In particular, we discuss some of the deficiencies of ellipse
fitting of the isophotes, which by itself cannot always distinguish between
bars, rings, spirals, and dust, and which can produce erroneous measurements of
bar sizes and orientations.Comment: LaTeX, 66 pages (including 42 figures, 36 in color). To appear in The
Astrophysical Journal Supplement. Full-resolution and text-only versions
available at http://www.iac.es/galeria/erwin/research
The Fine-Scale Structure of the neutral Interstellar Medium in nearby Galaxies
We present an analysis of the properties of HI holes detected in 20 galaxies
that are part of "The HI Nearby Galaxy Survey" (THINGS). We detected more than
1000 holes in total in the sampled galaxies. Where they can be measured, their
sizes range from about 100 pc (our resolution limit) to about 2 kpc, their
expansion velocities range from 4 to 36 km/s, and their ages are estimated to
range between 3 and 150 Myr. The holes are found throughout the disks of the
galaxies, out to the edge of the HI; 23% of the holes fall outside R25. We find
that shear limits the age of holes in spirals (shear is less important in dwarf
galaxies) which explains why HI holes in dwarfs are rounder, on average than in
spirals. Shear, which is particularly strong in the inner part of spiral
galaxies, also explains why we find that holes outside R25 are larger and
older. We derive the scale height of the HI disk as a function of
galactocentric radius and find that the disk flares up in all galaxies. We
proceed to derive the surface and volume porosity (Q2D and Q3D) and find that
this correlates with the type of the host galaxy: later Hubble types tend to be
more porous. The size distribution of the holes in our sample follows a power
law with a slope of a ~ -2.9. Assuming that the holes are the result of massive
star formation, we derive values for the supernova rate (SNR) and star
formation rate (SFR) which scales with the SFR derived based on other tracers.
If we extrapolate the observed number of holes to include those that fall below
our resolution limit, down to holes created by a single supernova, we find that
our results are compatible with the hypothesis that HI holes result from star
formation.Comment: 142 pages, 55 figures, accepted for publication in the Astronomical
Journa
The Updated Zwicky Catalog (UZC)
The Zwicky Catalog of galaxies (ZC), with m_Zw<=15.5mag, has been the basis
for the Center for Astrophysics (CfA) redshift surveys. To date, analyses of
the ZC and redshift surveys based on it have relied on heterogeneous sets of
galaxy coordinates and redshifts. Here we correct some of the inadequacies of
previous catalogs by providing: (1) coordinates with <~2 arcsec errors for all
of the Nuzc catalog galaxies, (2) homogeneously estimated redshifts for the
majority (98%) of the data taken at the CfA (14,632 spectra), and (3) an
estimate of the remaining "blunder" rate for both the CfA redshifts and for
those compiled from the literature. For the reanalyzed CfA data we include a
calibrated, uniformly determined error and an indication of the presence of
emission lines in each spectrum. We provide redshifts for 7,257 galaxies in the
CfA2 redshift survey not previously published; for another 5,625 CfA redshifts
we list the remeasured or uniformly re-reduced value. Among our new
measurements, Nmul are members of UZC "multiplets" associated with the original
Zwicky catalog position in the coordinate range where the catalog is 98%
complete. These multiplets provide new candidates for examination of tidal
interactions among galaxies. All of the new redshifts correspond to UZC
galaxies with properties recorded in the CfA redshift compilation known as
ZCAT. About 1,000 of our new measurements were motivated either by inadequate
signal-to-noise in the original spectrum or by an ambiguous identification of
the galaxy associated with a ZCAT redshift. The redshift catalog we include
here is ~96% complete to m_Zw<=15.5, and ~98% complete (12,925 galaxies out of
a total of 13,150) for the RA(1950) ranges [20h--4h] and [8h--17h] and
DEC(1950) range [-2.5d--50d]. (abridged)Comment: 34 pp, 7 figs, PASP 1999, 111, 43
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