Analyse linguistique et formalisation pour le traitement automatique de la paraphrase

The relations between sets of paraphrases can be described as seriesof textual transformations. To rephrase, an initial lexical substitution starts, thentriggers other syntactic, lexical and morphological changes.After having described the frequent paraphrasing mechanisms in our corpus,we propose two formalisations. The first one is theoretical, explaining the differentparaphrasing relationships maintained by the paraphrases between each other. Thesecond formalises paraphrase structures as predicate-argument ones. We considerthe latter suitable for paraphrase processing.Finally we have implemented a paraphrase structures extraction system. Thisis a compact operational system for the volume of data within our domain, the aimof which is to provide a concrete example of a possible use of our formalisation.Les relations paraphrastiques entre plusieurs ensembles de paraphrasespeuvent se décrire en termes de suites de transformations textuelles. Pour qu’il aitparaphrase, il faut qu’une substitution lexicale noyau se mette en route entrainantd’autres modifications syntaxiques, lexicales et morphologiques.Après avoir décrit les mécanismes de paraphrasage récurrents, nous avons proposédeux formalisations. La première est théorique et explique les différentes relationsparaphrastiques entretenues par les paraphrases entre-elles. La deuxième,tournée vers des applications, formalise les structures paraphrastiques sous-formede prédicats-arguments. Nous considérons cette dernière adaptée au traitementautomatique de la paraphrase.Nous avons à la suite implémenté un système d’extraction de structures paraphrastiques.Il s’agit d’un système opérationnel appliqué à un volume de donnéesrelevant de notre domaine d’étude, et dont le but est de donner un exemple concretd’emploi possible de notre formalisation.Mots-clés : paraphrase, structures paraphrastiques, traitement automatique dela paraphrase, extraction des structures paraphrastique

Linguistic analysis and formalisation for paraphrase processing

Les relations paraphrastiques entre plusieurs ensembles de paraphrasespeuvent se décrire en termes de suites de transformations textuelles. Pour qu’il aitparaphrase, il faut qu’une substitution lexicale noyau se mette en route entrainantd’autres modifications syntaxiques, lexicales et morphologiques.Après avoir décrit les mécanismes de paraphrasage récurrents, nous avons proposédeux formalisations. La première est théorique et explique les différentes relationsparaphrastiques entretenues par les paraphrases entre-elles. La deuxième,tournée vers des applications, formalise les structures paraphrastiques sous-formede prédicats-arguments. Nous considérons cette dernière adaptée au traitementautomatique de la paraphrase.Nous avons à la suite implémenté un système d’extraction de structures paraphrastiques.Il s’agit d’un système opérationnel appliqué à un volume de donnéesrelevant de notre domaine d’étude, et dont le but est de donner un exemple concretd’emploi possible de notre formalisation.Mots-clés : paraphrase, structures paraphrastiques, traitement automatique dela paraphrase, extraction des structures paraphrastiquesThe relations between sets of paraphrases can be described as seriesof textual transformations. To rephrase, an initial lexical substitution starts, thentriggers other syntactic, lexical and morphological changes.After having described the frequent paraphrasing mechanisms in our corpus,we propose two formalisations. The first one is theoretical, explaining the differentparaphrasing relationships maintained by the paraphrases between each other. Thesecond formalises paraphrase structures as predicate-argument ones. We considerthe latter suitable for paraphrase processing.Finally we have implemented a paraphrase structures extraction system. Thisis a compact operational system for the volume of data within our domain, the aimof which is to provide a concrete example of a possible use of our formalisation

Analyse linguistique et formalisation pour le traitement automatique de la paraphrase

The relations between sets of paraphrases can be described as seriesof textual transformations. To rephrase, an initial lexical substitution starts, thentriggers other syntactic, lexical and morphological changes.After having described the frequent paraphrasing mechanisms in our corpus,we propose two formalisations. The first one is theoretical, explaining the differentparaphrasing relationships maintained by the paraphrases between each other. Thesecond formalises paraphrase structures as predicate-argument ones. We considerthe latter suitable for paraphrase processing.Finally we have implemented a paraphrase structures extraction system. Thisis a compact operational system for the volume of data within our domain, the aimof which is to provide a concrete example of a possible use of our formalisation.Les relations paraphrastiques entre plusieurs ensembles de paraphrasespeuvent se décrire en termes de suites de transformations textuelles. Pour qu’il aitparaphrase, il faut qu’une substitution lexicale noyau se mette en route entrainantd’autres modifications syntaxiques, lexicales et morphologiques.Après avoir décrit les mécanismes de paraphrasage récurrents, nous avons proposédeux formalisations. La première est théorique et explique les différentes relationsparaphrastiques entretenues par les paraphrases entre-elles. La deuxième,tournée vers des applications, formalise les structures paraphrastiques sous-formede prédicats-arguments. Nous considérons cette dernière adaptée au traitementautomatique de la paraphrase.Nous avons à la suite implémenté un système d’extraction de structures paraphrastiques.Il s’agit d’un système opérationnel appliqué à un volume de donnéesrelevant de notre domaine d’étude, et dont le but est de donner un exemple concretd’emploi possible de notre formalisation.Mots-clés : paraphrase, structures paraphrastiques, traitement automatique dela paraphrase, extraction des structures paraphrastique

A Linguistic Approach to the Treatment of Grammatical Functions of the Relative Pronoun“ที่” in Thai

International audienc

Paraphrases in Natural Language Processing

International audienc

Sensitivity Validation of EWOD Devices for Diagnosis of Early Mortality Syndrome (EMS) in Shrimp Using Colorimetric LAMP–XO Technique

Electrowetting-on-dielectric (EWOD) is a microfluidic technology used for manipulating liquid droplets at microliter to nanoliter scale. EWOD has the ability to facilitate the accurate manipulation of liquid droplets, i.e., transporting, dispensing, splitting, and mixing. In this work, EWOD fabrication with suitable and affordable materials is proposed for creating EWOD lab-on-a-chip platforms. The EWOD platforms are applied for the diagnosis of early mortality syndrome (EMS) in shrimp by utilizing the colorimetric loop-mediated isothermal amplification method with pH-sensitive xylenol orange (LAMP–XO) diagnosis technique. The qualitative sensitivity is observed by comparing the limit of detection (LOD) while performing the LAMP–XO diagnosis test on the proposed lab-on-a-chip EWOD platform, alongside standard LAMP laboratory tests. The comparison results confirm the reliability of EMS diagnosis on the EWOD platform with qualitative sensitivity for detecting the EMS DNA plasmid concentration at 102 copies in a similar manner to the common LAMP diagnosis tests

Sensitive Visual Detection of AHPND Bacteria Using Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Combined with DNA-Functionalized Gold Nanoparticles as Probes.

Acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND) is a component cause of early mortality syndrome (EMS) of shrimp. In 2013, the causative agent was found to be unique isolates of Vibrio parahaemolyticus (VPAHPND) that contained a 69 kbp plasmid (pAP1) carrying binary Pir-like toxin genes PirvpA and PirvpB. In Thailand, AHPND was first recognized in 2012, prior to knowledge of the causative agent, and it subsequently led to a precipitous drop in shrimp production. After VPAHPND was characterized, a major focus of the AHPND control strategy was to monitor broodstock shrimp and post larvae for freedom from VPAHPND by nucleic acid amplification methods, most of which required use of expensive and sophisticated equipment not readily available in a shrimp farm setting. Here, we describe a simpler but equally sensitive approach for detection of VPAHPND based on loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) combined with unaided visual reading of positive amplification products using a DNA-functionalized, ssDNA-labled nanogold probe (AuNP). The target for the special set of six LAMP primers used was the VPAHPND PirvpA gene. The LAMP reaction was carried out at 65°C for 45 min followed by addition of the red AuNP solution and further incubation at 65°C for 5 min, allowing any PirvpA gene amplicons present to hybridize with the probe. Hybridization protected the AuNP against aggregation, so that the solution color remained red upon subsequent salt addition (positive test result) while unprotected AuNP aggregated and underwent a color change from red to blue and eventually precipitated (negative result). The total assay time was approximately 50 min. The detection limit (100 CFU) was comparable to that of other commonly-used methods for nested PCR detection of VPAHPND and 100-times more sensitive than 1-step PCR detection methods (104 CFU) that used amplicon detection by electrophoresis or spectrophotometry. There was no cross reaction with DNA templates derived from non-AHPND bacteria commonly found in shrimp ponds (including other Vibrio species). The new method significantly reduced the time, difficulty and cost for molecular detection of VPAHPND in shrimp hatchery and farm settings

Bacterial isolates used in this study.

<p>Bacterial isolates used in this study.</p

Schematic illustration of the detection of VP_AHPND using DNA-functionalized gold nanoparticles as colorimetric hybridization probes to detect complementary LAMP amplicons.

<p>(1) Positive reaction for VP_AHPND. (2) Negative reaction for VP_AHPND.</p

Primers used for 1-step PCR (AP3 method) and nested PCR (AP4 method) for detection of VP_AHPND.

<p>Primers used for 1-step PCR (AP3 method) and nested PCR (AP4 method) for detection of VP_AHPND.</p