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AKIBAT HUKUM PERKAWINAN ANAK DI BAWAH UMUR MENURUT PERSPEKTIF HUKUM ISLAM DAN UNDANG-UNDANG NOMOR 16 TAHUN 2019 TENTANG PERUBAHAN ATAS UNDANG-UNDANG NOMOR 1 TAHUN 1974 TENTANG PERKAWINAN

ABSTRACTUnderage marriage in the context of social society has its problems and impacts, one of which is an individual who holds a marriage. In Islamic law itself, the issue of the age limit for marriage in the Qur'an and Hadith is not specifically explained, while in the context of the legal system of marriage, the protection of minors, especially to women as wives, can only be done if the marriage is carried out consciously in accordance with the law. with the Marriage Law, one of the conditions is that the marriage is carried out by being registered in accordance with the applicable laws and regulations. This writing is motivated by the existence of problems, namely, the legal consequences of child marriage according to the perspective of Islamic Law and Law Number 16 of 2019 concerning Marriage. As well as efforts to tackle child marriage according to the perspective of Islamic Law and Law Number 16 of 2019 concerning Marriage. This research is a type of normative juridical research, using a statutory approach, a conceptual approach, a case approach, and a comparative approach.Keywords: Children, Islamic Law, Marriage.ABSTRAKPerkawinan di bawah umur dalam konteks masyarakat sosial terdapat problematika serta dampak yang terjadi, salah satunya adalah seorang individu yang melangsungkan perkawinan. Dalam hukum islam sendiri permasalahan batas usia perkawinan dalam al-Qur’an maupun Hadis tidak dijelaskan secara spesifik., sedangkan dalam konteks sistem hukum perkawinan, perlindungan terhadap anak di bawah, terutama terhadap wanita sebagai istri, hanya dapat dilakukan jika perkawinan dilakukan secara sadar sesuai dengan UU Perkawinan, yang salah satu syaratnya adalah perkawinan dilakukan dengan dicatatkan sesuai dengan peraturan perundang-undangan yang berlaku. Penulisan ini dilatarbelakangi dengan adanya permasalahan yaitu, akibat hukum perkawinan anak di bawah umur menurut perspektif Hukum Islam dan Undang-Undang Nomor 16 Tahun 2019 Tentang Perkawinan. Serta upaya menanggulangi perkawinan anak di bawah umur menurut perspektif Hukum Islam dan Undang-Undang Nomor 16 Tahun 2019 Tentang Perkawinan. Penelitian ini merupakan jenis penelitian yuridis normatif, dengan menggunakan pendekatan perundang-undangan, pendekatan konseptual, pendekatan kasus, dan pendekatan komparatifKata Kunci: Anak, Hukum Islam, Perkawinan

Morphological studies and development of Ex-situ protocol for rehabilitation of threatened Rheum species under nursery conditions

Rheum is a strong vigorous plant and can live long even in tough conditions. The Rheum species have been domesticated as medicinal plants for human consumption. Rheum species are perennial stout herbs. Rhubarb is a common English name of the genus Rheum. Rhubarb is a plant name for the many different species of Rheum, distributed in the temperate and sub tropical regions of Himalaya from Kashmir to Sikkim and growing wild in the mountains of the Western and North-western provinces of China and adjoining Tibetan territory. It is cultivated much in Europe and the United States. In Kashmir Himalaya, it ranges from an altitude of 1700 - 5500m. It is famous for its medicinal uses. Roots are long and stout. Stem is erect, hollow, sulcate, glabrous or strigose. It is native to Asia-Temperate to Asia – Tropical, from China to India, Nepal and Pakistan. In India, its found in Himachal Pradesh Jammu & Kashmir and Uttar Pradesh. In Jammu and Kashmir, it grows on open slopes and shrubberies in Kashmir, Leh and Zanaskar valley between 3000-5000 m, where R.webbianum is found. The Rheum spiciforme is also one of most known medicinal plant and is  found on high altitudes of Gurez valley(3000m 5000m). Rheum also prefers a full sunny location and thrives in a moist, fertile soil. Most Rheum species can handle heavier clay soils better than many other herbs and makes a striking addition to the spring landscape. Rhubarb is propagated from seeds, seedlings, or pieces of rhizome.Â

Living together after genocide : a case study of reconciliation efforts in Burgesera District after 1994 Rwanda genocide.

Thesis (M.Comm.)-University of Kwazulu-Natal, 2008.The overall objective of the research was to evaluate the achievements of reconciliation process in Bugesera district after the Rwandan 1994 genocide. Bugesera district lost over 62,000 Tutsi during genocide, being the most hit in the country. Today, the survivors and perpetrators are living together in the same district. The study is aimed at evaluating the impact of reconciliation mechanisms in place and how these mechanisms can be enhanced to get better results. The research was conducted in Bugesera district and qualitative research methods were adopted where by thirty respondents were interviewed; ten from the survivors , ten from released perpetrators of genocide, five district officials, three from NGOs and two church leaders. The research was based on both primary and secondary data, but primary data was used mostly. Most of the key concepts used in the research were explained in the literature review. From the research, it was revealed that efforts are in place to reconcile the survivors and perpetrators but people are still suspicious of one another. That a gap between survivors and perpetrators still exists, irrespective of government and patterns' efforts in bringing them together. The research suggested a number of recommendations, which would enhance reconciliation in the district

La lampe, la mouche et le champignon

À partir d’une étude de cas concrète, celle de la fabrication d’une lampe biomimétique dont la lumière provient de champignons bioluminescents, cet article montre comment l’observation et la compréhension d’un processus vital permettent de reproduire son fonctionnement, mais aussi comment, en retour, l’imitation produit des savoirs sur le modèle, et des effets sur les rapports entre humains et vivants non-humains. Le regard fonctionnaliste d’abord porté sur la bioluminescence se heurte rapidement au fonctionnement aléatoire et symbiotique du vivant, et l’objet lampe agit alors comme un outil de décryptage de l’écosystème du champignon qui est lui aussi reproduit. Finalement, la veilleuse apparaît comme un dispositif d’observation qui invite à contempler le vivant, mais qui incite également l’utilisateur à interagir avec elle et établir un rapport plus expérimental de soin et de manipulation avec les êtres qu’elle abrite.Based on a concrete case study, that of the making of a biomimetic lamp, whose light comes from bioluminescent fungi, this article aims to show how the observation and understanding of a vital process makes it possible to reproduce its functioning, but also how imitation in return produces knowledge about its model, as well as effects on the relationships between humans and non-human living beings. The initial functionalist view of bioluminescence quickly comes up against the random and symbiotic functioning of living organisms, and the lamp item then acts as a tool for decoding the fungus ecosystem, which is also reproduced. Finally, the night light appears as an observation device that invites the user to behold the living, but also encourages them to interact with it and establish a more experimental relationship of care and manipulation with the beings it shelters

The lamp, the fly, and the fungus

On the basis of a concrete study that examined the creation of a biomimetic lamp—whose light comes from bioluminescent fungi—this article shows how observing and understanding a biological process makes it possible to reproduce its functioning and, at the same time, how imitation leads to knowledge about the model on which it is based and affects relations between humans and non-human living beings. The functionalist point of view initially adopted by the lamp’s creators quickly ran up against the random and symbiotic workings of living organisms, and the lamp-object began to serve as a tool for decoding the fungi’s ecosystem, which was also reproduced. Ultimately, the nightlight appears as an observation device that invites users to not only contemplate living beings but also to interact with them, to engage in a more experimental relationship of care and handling with the organisms the device houses

Transaksi jual beli lelang berbasis Online via platform media sosial Instagram: Kajian perspektif UU Informasi Transaksi Elektronik dan Kompilasi Hukum Ekonomi Syariah

ABSTRAK Hadirnya media sosial membawa angin segar kepada para pelaku usaha untuk selalu mengembangkan bisnisnya, dengan memanfaatkan Platform media sosialnya para pelaku usaha bisa melakukan transaksi mu’amalah dengan siapa saja dan kapan saja tak terbatas ruang dan waktu. Media social Instagram adalah media social yang yang dijadikan sebuah wadah oleh penggunanya untuk melakukan jual beli lelang online. Namun dalam pelaksanaannya masih terdapat beberapa permasalan yang dapat merugikan pihak penjual atau pemebeli. Karena dapat kita ketahui bahwa media social ini bukanlah aplikasi e-commerce masih banyak kekurangan dalam beberapa hal untuk melakukan proses jual beli lelang. Mengacu kepada rumusan masalah yaitu terkait praktikjua eli lelang online di Instagram berdasarkan Undang-undang Nomor 19 Tahun 2016 Perubahan atas Undang-undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2008 tentang Informasi dan Transaksi Elektronik serta Kompilasi Hukum Ekonomi Syariah. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian empiris dengan mengobservasi di media social Instagram. Kemudian menggunakan pendekatan yuridis sosiologis dengan sumber data primer, data sekunder dan data tersier diperoleh dari observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi secara virtual. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa praktik jual beli lelang online di Instagram dapat diajukan sanksi dan pelanggaran berdasarkan Undang-undang Nomor 19 Tahun 2016 Perubahan atas Undang-undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2008 tentang Informasi dan Transaksi Elektronik karena akun lelang tersebut tidak didaftarkan di lembaga berwenang. Maka dari itu apabila terdapat tindakan penipuan, manipulasi, dan kesalahan, dapat meninjau Pasal 28 dan Pasal 35 ayat (1) UU No. 11 Tahun 2008. Kemudian pemberian sanksi terhadap pelanggaran tersebut menggunakan Pasal 45 A ayat (1) UU Nomor 19 Tahun 2016 dan Pasal 51 ayat (1) UU Nomor 11 Tahun 2008. Sedangkan berdasarkan tinjauan Kompilasi Hukum Ekonomi Syariah, rukun dan syaratnya telah memenuhi Pasal 23 sampai Pasal 25. Namun beberapa permasalahan tetap diperhatikan dengan mempertimbangkan kemaslahatan para pihak yang terlibat di dalam transaksi ABSTRACT The presence of social media brings fresh air to business actors to always develop their business. Utilizing the social media platform, business actors can conduct muamalah transactions with anyone and any time, unlimited by space and time. Social media Instagram is a social media that used as a forum with users instagram to buy and sell online auction systems. However, in practice there are still some problems that can harm the seller or buyer. Because we can know that this social media is not an e-commerce application, there are still many shortcomings in several ways to carry out the process of buying and selling auctions. Referring to the formulation of the problem, which is related to the practice of selling online auctions on Instagram based on Law Number 19 of 2016 Amendments to Law Number 11 of 2008 concerning Information and Electronic Transactions and the Compilation of Sharia Economic Law. The type of research used is empirical research by observing on Instagram social media. Then using a sociological juridical approach with primary data sources, secondary data and tertiary data obtained from observations, interviews and virtual documentation. The results of this study indicate that the practice of buying and selling online auctions on Instagram can be subject to sanctions and violations based on Law Number 19 of 2016 Amendments to Law Number 11 of 2008 concerning Information and Electronic Transactions because the auction account is not registered with an authorized institution. Therefore, if there are acts of fraud, manipulation, and errors, they can review Article 28 and Article 35 paragraph (1) of Law no. 11 of 2008. Then the imposition of sanctions on the violation uses Article 45 A paragraph (1) of Law Number 19 of 2016 and Article 51 paragraph (1) of Law Number 11 of 2008. Meanwhile, based on a review of the Sharia Economic Law Compilation, the pillars and conditions have met Article 23 to Article 25. However, several issues remain to be considered by considering the benefit of the parties involved in the transaction. مستخلص البحث وجود وسائل التواصل الاجتماعي يجلب الهواء النقي للفاعلين التجاريين لتطوير أعمالهم دائمًا ، من خلال استخدام منصة التواصل الاجتماعي ، يمكن للجهات الفاعلة التجارية إجراء معاملات معاملات مع أي شخص وفي أي وقت ، على سبيل المثال لا الحصر المكان والزمان. وسائل التواصل الاجتماعي انستغرام عبارة عن وسائط اجتماعية يتم استخدامها كمنتدى من قبل المستخدمين لشراء وبيع المزادات عبر الإنترنت. ومع ذلك ، في الممارسة العملية لا تزال هناك بعض المشاكل التي يمكن أن تضر البائع أو المشتري. نظرًا لأننا نعلم أن هذه الوسائط الاجتماعية ليست تطبيقًا للتجارة الإلكترونية ، فلا يزال هناك العديد من أوجه القصور بعدة طرق لتنفيذ عملية مزادات البيع والشراء. بالإشارة إلى صياغة المشكلة ، والتي تتعلق بممارسة بيع المزادات عبر الإنترنت على Instagram استنادًا إلى القانون رقم 19 لسنة 2016 بتعديلات القانون رقم 11 لعام 2008 بشأن المعلومات والمعاملات الإلكترونية وتجميع القانون الاقتصادي الشرعي. نوع البحث المستخدم هو بحث تجريبي من خلال المراقبة على وسائل التواصل الاجتماعي في انستغرام. ثم استخدام نهج قانوني اجتماعي مع مصادر البيانات الأولية والبيانات الثانوية والبيانات الجامعية التي تم الحصول عليها من الملاحظات والمقابلات والتوثيق الافتراضي تشير نتائج هذه الدراسة إلى أن ممارسة بيع وشراء المزادات عبر الإنترنت على Instagram يمكن أن تخضع لعقوبات وانتهاكات بناءً على القانون رقم 19 لسنة 2016 بتعديلات القانون رقم 11 لسنة 2008 بشأن المعلومات والمعاملات الإلكترونية لأن حساب المزاد غير مسجل. مع مؤسسة مرخصة. لذلك ، إذا كانت هناك أعمال احتيال وتلاعب وأخطاء ، فيمكنهم مراجعة المادة 28 والمادة 35 الفقرة (1) من القانون رقم. بعد ذلك ، تم فرض العقوبات على المخالفة باستخدام المادة 45 أ فقرة (1) من القانون رقم 19 لسنة 2016 والمادة 51 فقرة (1) من القانون رقم 11 لسنة 2008. في غضون ذلك ، بناءً على مراجعة الشريعة الاقتصادية. تجميع القانون ، استوفت الركائز والشروط المواد 23 إلى 25. ومع ذلك ، لا تزال بعض القضايا قيد النظر من خلال النظر في فائدة الأطراف المشاركة في الصفقة

Assessment of Effectiveness of the Corporal Punishment in Maintaining Discipline in Secondary Schools in Singida Municipality.

Corporal and non corporal punishments are both used as means of controlling students’ discipline, but secondary school teachers prefer corporal punishment than non corporal punishment, this preference nesseciated the study to assess the effectiveness of corporal punishment in maintaining discipline. The study employed a mixed research approach. The study used quantitative and qualitative to collect data and analyzing the numerical data relevant for addressing research questions. The study employed case study design; the validity and reliability were highly considered. Data collection was done in respect of the study specific objectives through questionnaires and interviews. The findings indicate that most teachers and students had positive perceptions on corporal punishment. It was indicated that some teachers lack knowledge of administering corporal punishment as a result they stroke students at any parts of students bodies and the most teachers administer excessive strokes contrary to Government Regulation Act Number 24 of 2002. It also revealed that corporal punishment d improves students’ behavior if it is well administered and managed. The findings show that students’ absenteeism, students late arrival at schools and sexual relationships among students were common offences committed by students at schools. The study recommended to publicize education act 24 of 2002 concerning corporal punishment. Students are advised to follow school rules in order to avoid the punishments. Also teachers should get training on how they can manage students’ disciplinary problems in schools. Schools should create conducive environment in schools by organizing activities such as football matches and occasional trips for students. Keywords: Students, Corporal Punishment, Discipline, Secondry Schools