Corporate Consistency and the Regulations of the Corporate Governance System

Corporate governance involves not only working out the relationship between a company and its shareholders, but also a search for consistency on a daily basis. When consistency is achieved, the shareholders’ satisfaction is higher and relations improve. Consistency is a prerequisite for a company’s effectiveness and efficiency, and it is the board’s task to make a corporation consistent. The first part of the paper introduces M. Flieger’s concept of corporate consistency, where platforms of consistency are introduced and the consistency model is proposed. This is the first time that such an introduction has been made, and this may lead to further discussion and research. The author points out that managers are rarely aware of the consistency problem, and there are no tools which enable a consistent system to be worked out. This makes the concept of corporate consistency worth investigating. In the second part of the paper, R. Kaminski focuses on the development of the European Union and Polish regulations, which were introduced as a consequence of the changing conditions in company activity. This section determines the content and sequence of the main issues discussed in the article. These include: the characteristics of the concept of a corporate governance system, the presentation of changes in regulations regarding a corporate governance system in the EU and the presentation of Polish regulations on corporate governance. The primary sources used in the work were literature and the rules and standards (mandatory and optional) on corporate governance. Both authors used descriptive analysis and the comparative method

Pojęcie lęku i strachu oraz ich znaczenie dla prób samobójczych

Niniejszy artykuł stanowi studium lęku i strachu, jako stanów emocjonalnych oraz ich wpływu i znaczenia dla prób samobójczych. To poszukiwanie odpowiedzi na pytanie, czy lęk i strach należy rozpatrywać wyłącznie, jako czynniki negatywnie oddziałujące na nasze życie? Kiedy strach bywa destruktywny, a kiedy jest on czynnikiem budującym społeczne relacje oraz pozostaje czymś na poziomie pierwotnym, jako instynkt samozachowawczy. Jednocześnie w artykule tym spostrzeżemy, jak istotnym są poruszane w jego temacie stany emocjonalne w przypadku stosowania manipulacji społecznych. Na koniec poznamy znaczenie strachu w grupach odizolowanych (na przykładzie więźniów) oraz jego analizę w kontekście błędu poznawczego.The concept of fear and anxiety and their mining in suicide attempts. The following article represents a study on fear and anxiety as emotional states and also their impact and meaning in suicide attempts. The search in finding the response to question whether fear and anxiety should be seen as exclusively negative factors affecting our lives. When fear is destructive, when does it become a factor building social relations ? When does it stay on the primary level as a survival instinct? In the article we also witness the import_ance of emotional states when it comes to social manipulations. Finally, we discover the meaning of fear in isolated groups (as an example - prisoners) and its analysis in a cognitive error

Diabetes insipidus in the diagnosis of polyuria

Diabetes insipidus is a rare condition, whereas polyuria may be a symptom of numerous other ailments. Polyuria intensifies thirst (polydipsia), which appears to be a natural reaction to an excessive loss of water in the organism. Before diagnosing rare conditions, hypoglycaemia and kidney failure must be excluded. Borderline cases must consult with an endocrinology specialist.Diabetes insipidus is a rare condition, whereas polyuria may be a symptom of numerous other ailments. Polyuria intensifies thirst (polydipsia), which appears to be a natural reaction to an excessive loss of water in the organism. Before diagnosing rare conditions, hypoglycaemia and kidney failure must be excluded. Borderline cases must consult with an endocrinology specialist

Tree-level contributions to B -> Xs gamma

Weak radiative decay B -> X_s gamma is known to be a loop-generated process. However, it does receive tree-level contributions from CKM-suppressed b -> u ubar s gamma transitions. In the present paper, we evaluate such contributions together with similar ones from the QCD penguin operators. For a low value of the photon energy cutoff E_0 ~ m_b/20 that has often been used in the literature, they can enhance the inclusive branching ratio by more than 10%. For E_0 = 1.6 GeV or higher, the effect does not exceed 0.4%, which is due to phase-space suppression. Our perturbative results contain collinear logarithms that depend on the light quark masses m_q (q=u,d,s). We have allowed m_b/m_q to vary from 10 to 50, which corresponds to values of m_q that are typical for the constituent quark masses. Such a rough method of estimation may be improved in the future with the help of fragmentation functions once the considered effects begin to matter in the overall error budget for BR(B -> X_s gamma).Comment: v3: Corrected factors of 2 in the subdominant T_3 contributions. Minor changes in the numerical results (Table II

The use of octreotide in the symptomatic treatment of patients with neuroendocrine tumours: a single-centre experience

Neuroendocrine tumours (NETs) are a heterogeneous group of tumours originating from endocrine cells scattered throughout the body and which form the diffuse endocrine system. Functioning tumours produce hormones or catecholamines which are responsible for the characteristic clinical picture. Surgery is the treatment of choice for patients with NETs, although it can rarely be radical. Somatostatin analogues play an important role in the drug treatment of NETs, as they effectively control the signs and symptoms of the excessive release of hormones by these tumours. Treatment with somatostatin analogues improves the quality of life for the patient and prolongs survival. We report on four patients with neuroendocrine tumours managed with somatostatin analogues: one male patient with carcinoid syndrome; one female patient with clinical manifestations of functioning VIPoma; and two male patients with ectopic ACTH syndrome.Neuroendocrine tumours (NETs) are a heterogeneous group of tumours originating from endocrine cells scattered throughout the body and which form the diffuse endocrine system. Functioning tumours produce hormones or catecholamines which are responsible for the characteristic clinical picture. Surgery is the treatment of choice for patients with NETs, although it can rarely be radical. Somatostatin analogues play an important role in the drug treatment of NETs, as they effectively control the signs and symptoms of the excessive release of hormones by these tumours. Treatment with somatostatin analogues improves the quality of life for the patient and prolongs survival. We report on four patients with neuroendocrine tumours managed with somatostatin analogues: one male patient with carcinoid syndrome; one female patient with clinical manifestations of functioning VIPoma; and two male patients with ectopic ACTH syndrome

Italy

Fast growing network of national contacts in the Sino-Italian affairs builds the important layer of subnational bilateral relations. The main purpose of this paper is to analyze the role of paradiplomatical cooperation between Italian and Chinese regions. This paper contains a short overview of bilateral Italian-Chinese relations in political, economic and social terms. Furthermore there is a description of competences of the regions in the Italian foreign policy in term of legal environment for the autonomous activities of Italian regions in the international arena. Moreover this paper contains the analyses of existing links between Italian and Chinese regions on the basis of a survey conducted among regional authorities from all Italian regions. Finally it contains the case of Umbria, as a region that active cooperation with China goes well beyond economic relations.Publication financed by the National Science Centre, Poland. (Project number: 2015/19/B/HS5/02534 entitled “Rola regionów w polityce Unii Europejskiej wobec Chin/ The Role of Regions in the European Union Policy towards China”

Thirty Years of an Uncomfortable Partnership − the Evolution of EU–China Relations

The last 30 years of the European Union’s relations with China have been complex. In the 1990s, Brussels was building a partnership with China by publishing a number of political strategies. The year 2001, i.e. China’s accession to the WTO, brought about a dynamic development of not only political but also economic contacts, which became the most important area of bilateral relations. A similar trend was introduced by the Belt and Road Initiative announced by Xi Jinping in 2013, strengthening EU-Chinese ties at the supranational, national and subnational levels. Also the United States, as a world superpower, is an important point of reference for EU relations with China, which was emphasized by the presidency of Donald Trump. The authorities in Brussels then sharpened their rhetoric towards the Asian partner. Currently, the difficult path of mutual relations is bumpy, although from an economic point of view it is more like a highway: it is wide, it is difficult to change it into another road without feeling loss, and it is very difficult to turn back from it

The search for new anticonvulsants in a group of (2,5-dioxopyrrolidin-1-yl)(phenyl)acetamides with hybrid structure - synthesis and in vivo/In vitro studies

Epilepsy belongs to the most common and debilitating neurological disorders with multifactorial pathophysiology and a high level of drug resistance. Therefore, with the aim of searching for new, more effective, and/or safer therapeutics, we discovered a focused series of original hybrid pyrrolidine-2,5-dione derivatives with potent anticonvulsant properties. We applied an optimized coupling reaction yielding several hybrid compounds that showed broad-spectrum activity in widely accepted animal seizure models, namely, the maximal electroshock (MES) test and the psychomotor 6 Hz (32 mA) seizure model in mice. The most potent anticonvulsant activity and favorable safety profile was demonstrated for compound 30 (median effective dose (ED50) MES = 45.6 mg/kg, ED50 6 Hz (32 mA) = 39.5 mg/kg, median toxic dose (TD50) (rotarod test) = 162.4 mg/kg). Anticonvulsant drugs often show activity in pain models, and compound 30 was also proven effective in the formalin test of tonic pain, the capsaicin-induced pain model, and the oxaliplatin (OXPT)-induced neuropathic pain model in mice. Our studies showed that the most plausible mechanism of action of 30 involves inhibition of calcium currents mediated by Cav1.2 (L-type) channels. Importantly, 30 revealed high metabolic stability on human liver microsomes, negligible hepatotoxicity, and relatively weak inhibition of CYP3A4, CYP2D6, and CYP2C9 isoforms of cytochrome P450, compared to reference compounds. The promising in vivo activity profile and drug-like properties of compound 30 make it an interesting candidate for further preclinical development

Przygotowanie jelita grubego do kolonoskopii

Odpowiednie oczyszczenie jelita ma kluczowe znaczenie dla jakości kolonoskopii. W niniejszym artykule omówiono najczęściej stosowane sposoby przygotowania jelita, ze szczególnym naciskiem na wprowadzoną niedawno metodę z podziałem dawki glikolu polietylenowego, znaną jako "split-dose". Omówiono również skale używane do oceny jakości oczyszczenia jelita. Gastroenterologia Kliniczna 2010, tom 2, nr 1, 30-3

Conclusions

The project was finances by the Polish National Science Centre (Agreement No. UMO-2013/11B/HS5/04121)