704 research outputs found
Underdiagnosis of hypertension and diabetes mellitus in South Africa
Background. Hypertension and diabetes mellitus (DM) are major causes of natural death in South Africa (SA). Underdiagnosis of these treatable diseases would hamper efforts to improve their management and hence reduce morbidity and mortality. Objectives. To assess the level of underdiagnosis of hypertension and DM in SA. Methods. Data from adult participants (β₯15 years) in the 2016 South African Demographic and Health Survey, which draws a nationally representative sample of the population, was used. Using these data, the prevalence of hypertension and DM was assessed at the time of the study using objective criteria (hypertension: systolic blood pressure β₯140 mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure β₯90 mmHg; DM: glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) β₯6.5%), and disease prevalence based on participant recall of having ever received a diagnosis of hypertension or DM from a healthcare professional. The difference between the objectively measured prevalence of the diseases and the prevalence based on recall was used to assess the level of underdiagnosis. Results. Of 10 336 adult participants who answered the question on the recall of a diagnosis, 8 092 had their blood pressure measured, and 6 740 had HbA1c assessed. The prevalence of hypertension based on recall was 18.9% (95% confidence interval (CI) 17.7 - 20.1), while the prevalence using blood pressure measurements was 37.1% (95% CI 35.3 - 38.9). Therefore, 49% of cases of hypertension are likely to be undiagnosed (~7.1 million people). The prevalence of DM based on recall was 4.5% (95% CI 3.9 - 5.1), and 11.4% (95% CI 10.4 - 12.4) based on HbA1c values. Therefore, 61% of cases of DM are likely to be undiagnosed (~2.7 million people). Conclusions. There is significant underdiagnosis of hypertension and DM in SA. The underdiagnosis of these two treatable conditions, which have high morbidity and mortality, has major population health implications
Contracting for Child and Family Services: A Mission-Sensitive Guide
Outlines steps, procedures, and choices for contracting services. Includes parameter setting decisions for governor, legislature, department leadership, and the social welfare professional community
Opwinding en teleurstelling. De oproeren in Holland van 1747-1748
Deze scriptie gaat over de aard van de oproeren in Holland in 1747-1748 en hoe die zich verhouden tot de oproeren in 1672
ΠΠΏΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½Π°Ρ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠΏΠΈΡ Π΄Π»Ρ Π΄ΠΈΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±Π½Π°ΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π·Π°Π³ΡΡΠ·Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ
ΠΠΎΡΡΠ³Π½Π΅Π½Π½Ρ Π² Π³Π°Π»ΡΠ·Ρ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΠΊΠΎΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΡΠΉΠ½ΠΎΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠΎΠ±ΠΊΠΈ ΡΠΈΠ³Π½Π°Π»ΡΠ² ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Ρ ΠΏΡΠ΄Π²ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ ΡΡΡΠ»ΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΡΡ Π²ΠΈΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Π½Ρ ΡΠΈΠ³Π½Π°Π»ΡΠ², ΡΠΎ ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΡ ΡΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡ, ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΈΡ
, Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠΈΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄, ΡΠΊ ΡΠΈΠ³Π½Π°Π»ΠΈ ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ°Π½ΡΠ²ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π»ΡΠ΄Π°ΡΠ°, ΡΠΎ Π²ΠΈΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ±ΡΠ½Π°ΡΡΠΉΠ½Π΅ ΡΠΎΠ·ΡΡΡΠ½Π½Ρ. ΠΡΠΈ ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΠΊΠΎΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΡΠΉΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠΎΠ±ΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΡΡΡΠΈΠΉ ΡΠΈΠ³Π½Π°Π» ΡΠ²Π»ΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡ ΠΌΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ±Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π½Π΅ ΠΎΠΊΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΈΡ
Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΡ, Π° ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ±ΡΠ½Π°ΡΡΡ Π±Π°Π³Π°ΡΡΠΎΡ
ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ. Π¦Π΅ Π΄Π°Ρ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ»ΠΈΠ²ΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ»Π°ΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΡ Π²ΠΈΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Π½Ρ ΡΠΈΠ³Π½Π°Π»ΡΠ² Π²ΡΠ΄ ΡΡΠ»Π΅ΠΉ ΡΠΈΠΏΡ Ρ
ΡΠΌΡΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ½, ΡΠΎ ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΡ ΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ· ΡΠΎΠ·ΡΡΡΠ½Π½Ρ, Π΄ΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΡ Π²ΠΈΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ²Π°ΡΠΈ ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ°Π½ΡΠ²ΡΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ Π»ΡΠ΄Π°Ρ Π΄Π»Ρ Π±Π°Π³Π°ΡΡΠΎΡ
ΠΏΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
Π·Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ²Π°Π½Ρ, ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΈΡ
, Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠΈΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄, ΡΠΊ Π²ΠΈΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Π½Ρ ΡΠ»ΡΠ΄ΡΠ² Π½Π°ΡΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ½ Π² ΡΡΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ»Π°ΠΆΡ Π°Π±ΠΎ Π² Π±Π°Π³Π°ΠΆΡ. Π ΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ·Π³Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΈΠΏ Π΄ΡΡ, ΠΏΡΠΎΠ°Π½Π°Π»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈ Π΅ΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
Π΄ΠΎΡΠ»ΡΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Π½Ρ ΡΠ° Π²ΡΠ΄ΠΌΡΡΠ΅Π½Ρ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ²ΠΈ ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΠΊΠΎΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΡΠΉΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ°Π½ΡΠ²ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π»ΡΠ΄Π°ΡΠ° Π΄Π»Ρ Π΄ΠΈΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΠΉΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΠΈΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Π½Ρ ΡΠΈΠΏΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ
Ρ
ΡΠΌΡΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ½ Π½Π° ΡΠΎΠ½Ρ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ² ΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ° ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ. ΠΡΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΠΌΡ ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΠΉ ΡΠΈΠ³Π½Π°Π» ΠΎΠ±ΡΠΎΠ±Π»ΡΡΡΡΡΡ Π΄ΠΎ Π΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΡ ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ.Recent advances in spectral correlation signal processing can enhance the detection sensitivity of spectrally complex signals, such as those generated by a Raman lidar. By means of optical correlation, the resulting optical signal is a direct measure of the similarity of the received unknown and known reference spectra, being responsive not to the intensity of individual spectral lines, but to the combination of many spectral lines thus creating an increased sensitivity. It overcomes the small cross-sections of target chemicals and makes Raman lidar practical for many important applications. In particular, the short-range, stand-off detection of explosive residue or narcotics on the exterior of packages, luggage and vehicles now appears to be possible. This paper presents the theory of operation, the results of initial proof of principle experiments and the projected performance of an optical correlation spectroscopy Raman lidar when used to remotely detect typical chemical agents in the presence of common industrial materials and natural backgrounds which could interfere with the detection process. These experiments also mark the first known instance where a received optical signal is analyzed and processed prior to photodetection.ΠΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π² ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠ΅ ΡΠΈΠ³Π½Π°Π»ΠΎΠ² Π΄Π°ΡΡ ΡΠ°Π½Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ²ΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΎΠ±Π½Π°ΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΈΠ³Π½Π°Π»ΠΎΠ² ΡΠΎ ΡΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ½ΡΠΌ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠΌ, ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΈΡ
, Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Ρ, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΡΠΈΠ³Π½Π°Π»Ρ ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Π»ΠΈΠ΄Π°ΡΠΎΠ², ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π½Π° ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΈΠ½Π°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΈ. ΠΡΠΈ ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΡΡΡΡΠΈΠΉ ΡΠΈΠ³Π½Π°Π» ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ±ΠΈΡ Π½Π΅ΠΈΠ·Π²Π΅ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ², ΡΠΎ Π΅ΡΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ±ΠΈΡ Π½Π΅ ΠΎΡΠ΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΉ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠ°, Π° ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΈΠ½Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠΆΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π° ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΉ. ΠΡΠΎ Π΄Π°Π΅Ρ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ»Π΅ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΡ ΠΎΠ±Π½Π°ΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΈΠ³Π½Π°Π»ΠΎΠ² ΠΎΡ ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ ΡΠΈΠΏΠ° Ρ
ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Π²Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ², ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΈΡ, ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅Ρ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π»ΠΈΠ΄Π°ΡΠ° Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ, ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΈΡ
, Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Ρ, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΎΠ±Π½Π°ΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ² Π½Π°ΡΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Π²Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ² Π½Π° ΡΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄ΠΈ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π² Π±Π°Π³Π°ΠΆΠ΅. Π ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π½ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΈΠΏ Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ, ΠΏΡΠΎΠ°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΈ ΠΎΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½Ρ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΡΠΎΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π»ΠΈΠ΄Π°ΡΠ° Π΄Π»Ρ Π΄ΠΈΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±Π½Π°ΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΈΠΏΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
Ρ
ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Π²Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ² Π½Π° ΡΠΎΠ½Π΅ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ² ΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΡΡΠ»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈ Π΅ΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΡΡ
ΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ. ΠΡΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΡΠΈΠ³Π½Π°Π» ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π±Π°ΡΡΠ²Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π΄ΠΎ ΡΡΠ°ΠΏΠ° ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ
ΠΠ½ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½Π°Ρ ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΈ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠ² ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π»ΠΎΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ
ΠΠΈΠ·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½Ρ ΡΡΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡΡΡ ΡΠ½ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΡΡ ΡΠ΄Π΅Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π·ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½Ρ, ΡΠΎ Π±Π°Π·ΡΡΡΡΡΡ Π½Π° ΠΊΠ»Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠ½ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΡΡ. ΠΡΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΠΌΡ Π±Π΅ΡΡΡΡΡΡ Π΄ΠΎ ΡΠ²Π°Π³ΠΈ Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΡΡΠ½ΠΈΠΉ Π΄ΡΠ°ΠΏΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ½, ΡΡΠΌΠΈ, Π·Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ½Π΅Π½Π½Ρ ΡΠΈΠ³Π½Π°Π»Ρ, ΡΠ°Π»ΡΡΠΈΠ²Ρ ΡΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΈ, Π΄ΠΈΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΡΠΉΠ½Ρ Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈ Ρ Π°Π±Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡ Π·ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½Ρ. ΠΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ, ΡΠΎ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½Π° ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ° ΡΠΈΡ
ΡΠ΅ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΡΡΠ²Π½ΡΠ½Ρ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΡΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠ½ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ±Π½Π° Π΄ΠΎ Π·Π°Π³Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ
Π΅ΠΌΠΏΡΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎ ΡΡΠ²Π½ΡΠ½Ρ ΡΠΊΠΎΡΡΡ Π·ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ, Π΄Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΡΡΡΠΈ ΡΡ
Π·Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΡΡΡ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡ Π·ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½Ρ. Π¦Ρ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ±Π½ΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΏΡΡΠΊΠ°Ρ, ΡΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ»ΠΈΠ²ΡΡΡΡ ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡ Π·ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½Ρ, ΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ
Π·Π° Π΄ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ³ΠΎΡ Π»ΡΠ΄Π°ΡΠ°, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠΆ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ»ΠΈΠ²ΡΡΡΡ Π²ΠΈΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Π½Ρ, ΡΠΎΠ·ΠΏΡΠ·Π½Π°Π²Π°Π½Π½Ρ ΡΠ° ΡΠ΄Π΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΡΠΊΠ°ΡΡΡ ΠΎΠ±βΡΠΊΡΡΠ² Π·Π° ΡΠΈΠΌΠΈ Π·ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅ Π²ΠΈΠ·Π½Π°ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΡ Π±Π΅Π·ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄Π½ΡΠΎ Π²ΠΈΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠΈ Π·Ρ ΡΡΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠ½ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΡΡ ΡΠΈΡ
Π·ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½Ρ.The information densities of perfect and real images are defined based upon classical information theory. This definition accounts for image dynamic range, noise, dropouts, false alarm, diffraction effects and image aberrations. The functional form of these theoretical equations for information density is found to be similar to the general form of the empirically derived image quality equations that predicts the interpretability of imagery. This functional similarity suggests that interpretability of images and the lidar detection, recognition and characterization of objects within those images may be directly related to the information density of the image.ΠΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Ρ ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ, Π±Π°Π·ΠΈΡΡΡΡΠΈΠ΅ΡΡ Π½Π° ΠΊΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΠΎΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ. ΠΡΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°ΡΡΡΡ Π²ΠΎ Π²Π½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ Π΄ΠΈΠ°ΠΏΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ½, ΡΡΠΌΡ, ΠΏΡΠΎΠΏΠ°Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΈΠ³Π½Π°Π»Π°, Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠ³ΠΈ, Π΄ΠΈΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡ ΠΈ Π°Π±Π΅ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ. Π£ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ° ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΡΠ΅ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ±Π½Π° ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠΌΠΏΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ, Π΄Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΠΈΡΡΡ ΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ. ΠΡΠΎ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π°Π³Π°Π΅Ρ, ΡΡΠΎ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π»ΠΈΠ΄Π°ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΎΠ±Π½Π°ΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ, ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΠΎΠ·Π½Π°Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠΎ ΡΡΠΈΠΌ ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΠΌ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΡΡΡΡ Π½Π΅ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ ΠΈΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΈΠ· ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ
Changes in nematode community structure in a primary succession of blown-out areas in a drift sand landscape
Opwinding en teleurstelling : de oproeren in Holland in 1747-1748
Een scriptie over de aard van de oproeren in Holland in 1747-1748 en hoe die zich verhouden tot de oproeren van 1672
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