Modelling of shaft based processes

Shaft based processes are used in many disciplines such as in metallurgical and chemical engineering. However, their performance suffers due to the lack in understanding of solid and gas flow thus the heat and mass transfer inside the shaft. Therefore, in this article the study of solid flow has been carried out in presence of gas flow under counter-current condition. A slow moving packed bed, inside the reactor, has been considered. Particles are discharged from the bottom and gas is injected laterally. Particles have been modelled using Discrete Element Method (DEM) and gas flow has been modelled using continuum based fluid flow equations. The effect of various parameters (like particle size, gas flow rate, solid discharge rate etc.,) on the residence time of solid particles has been studied in detail. It is found that gas flow is not symmetric inside the reactor due to asymmetric distribution of voids

Electrochemically synthesised xanthone-cored conjugated polymers as materials for electrochromic windows

In this work, we present the electrochemical polymerisation process of triarylamine-xanthone derivatives and behaviour of the formed polymers using various potentiodynamic techniques. The formed electropolymers have limited conjugation but show very promising electrochromic behaviour. Furthermore, by coupling the electrochemical analysis with each polymer's spectroscopic output, we were able to evaluate doping processes and the type of charge carriers formed. Through careful analysis, we were able to describe the electropolymerisation process and formed triarylamine-based polyxanthone derivatives. The polymers were found to exhibit good stability and good colouration efficiency to suggesting that they have potential application in electrochromic devices