1990년부터 2014년까지 콩고민주공화국의 농업생산성이 경제 성장에 미치는 영향

학위논문(석사)--서울대학교 대학원 :국제대학원 국제학과(국제지역학전공),2019. 8. 김종섭.농업생산성이 경제 성장에 미치는 영향은 문헌을 통해 널리 알려져 있다. 하지만, 이 문헌들 중 DRC에 적용되는 것은 많지 않다. 이 연구는 콩고의 농업생산성과 경제 성장 간에 상관관계가 있는지, 농업 기술이 생산성에 크게 기여하는 지와 그 방법, 농업 분야의 투자 증가가 콩고의 경제 성장에 긍정적으로 기여할 것인지에 대한 질문에 응답함으로써 그 격차를 해소하고자 했다. 이 연구는 콩고의 농업생산성과 경제 성장 간에 상당한 상관관계를 발견했다. 이 연구 결과는 기계 기술의 상당한 영향력을 밝혀 냈지만, 생화학 기술과 장기 경제 성장 간의 상관관계는 발견하지 못했습니다. 이 논문에서 제시된 실증 결과는 ODA와 FDI가 농업에 영향을 미칠 수 있는 채널이라고 주장했다. 이 연구의 주요 공헌은 빈곤층에게 미치는 농업의 중요성과 기술이 장기적 경제 성장에 기여한다 점에 대한 대중의 관심을 높이는 데 있다.Effect of agricultural productivity on economic growth has been widely documented through the literature. However, scarce are those who dived into this correlation on DRC. This study aimed at mending that gap by responding to questions whether there is relationship between agriculture productivity and economic growth of Congo, whether agricultural technology significantly contributes to the productivity and how, whether increase in investment in the agricultural sector would positively contribute to economic growth of Congo. This study found a significant correlation between agricultural productivity and economic growth of Congo. The results of this study revealed a significant contribution of mechanical technology but didnt find significant correlation between biochemical technology and long run economic growth. Empirical results presented in this dissertation have asserted that ODA and FDI are agricultural responsive funding channels. The major contribution of this study is to rise public attention on the importance of agriculture as a pro-poor sector and the channel through which technology can contribute to the economic growth on the long run.ABSRACT ................................................................................................................................. I TABLE OF CONTENT ............................................................................................................. III ABBREVIATION AND ACRONYMS .......................................................................................... V LIST OF TABLES ..................................................................................................................... VI LIST OF FIGURES ................................................................................................................... VI CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................. 1 1.1. Statement of the problem .................................................................................... 2 1.2. Objective of the study ........................................................................................... 3 1.3. Research questions and hypotheses ..................................................................... 4 1.4. Significance of the study ....................................................................................... 5 1.5. Organization of the study ..................................................................................... 5 CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW ......................................................................................... 7 2.1. Agricultural productivity and poverty alleviation. ................................................ 7 2.2. Agricultural and nonagricultural sector: the linkage ............................................ 8 2.3. Agricultural development and technology adoption .......................................... 10 2.4. Primary education and agricultural productivity ................................................ 11 2.5. Agricultural productivity and commodity pricing ............................................... 13 2.6. Agricultural development and economic growth: a cross cutting summary ...... 13 CHAPTER 3: AGRICULTURAL PATTERN OF THE DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF CONGO ......... 15 3.1 . From colony to early 1990s ............................................................................... 16 3.2 . Congo Agricultural Sector Overview ................................................................. 17 3.3 . Food Security ..................................................................................................... 20 3.4 . Farming Law ...................................................................................................... 21 3.5 . Structural Agriculture Organizations ................................................................. 22 3.6 . National Strategic Plan for Development (PNSD) ............................................. 22 3.7 . Agricultural Productivity: Initiative and Opportunity ....................................... 23 CHAPTER 4: METHODOLOGY AND DATA COLLECTION ....................................................... 25 4.1 . Methodology ..................................................................................................... 25 4.2 Data collection and model .................................................................................. 25 4.3 . Ordinary least Squares (OLS) ............................................................................. 30 CHAPTER 5: DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION. ......................................................... 32 5.1 . Introduction ...................................................................................................... 32 5.2 . Data Description ................................................................................................ 32 5.3 . Regression analysis ........................................................................................... 36 5.4 . Economic growth regression analysis ............................................................... 37 5.5 Agricultural productivity analysis ........................................................................ 39 5.6 . Limitation of the study ...................................................................................... 45 CHAPTER 6: CONCLUSION AND POLICY RECOMMENDATION ............................................ 46 6.1 . Introduction ...................................................................................................... 46 6.2 . Summary of empirical results ........................................................................... 46 6.3 . Policy recommendations ................................................................................... 48 6.4 . Final conclusion ................................................................................................. 48 REFERENCES ........................................................................................................................ 49 ABSRACT IN KOREAN ........................................................................................................... 53Maste

Droit d’accès à l’internet et ordre public électoral en Afrique : la crédibilisation institutionnelle au Congo-Kinshasa à l’épreuve de la surveillance e-citoyenne

The electoral process in Africa continues to surprise many observers. One of the latest innovations of the current powers is to untimely disconnection of the internet before, during or after the elections. Hence the question at the centre of the debate: can electoral public order justify the restriction of the right to access internet? To answer this question, the December 2018 coupled elections in Congo-Kinshasa were the focus of this study. Thus, during this period, two approaches emerged. The statist approach, based on the monopoly of constraint with its philosophical presuppositions of hierarchy, order and normativity from above, and linked to the dual colonial and dictatorial past of Lumumba's country, is based on the reason of State under the guise of public order, which tends to block citizen intervention on the public scene. On the other hand, the egalitarian model, led by human rights defenders and citizen movement activists, relies on the sacredness and fundamental nature of the right to access internet, an essential component of the right to information and freedom of expression. In a systemic and historical approach, our analysis leads to an 'in-between' model: the contractualist model, which marries public order with the democratic requirements of e-citizen monitoring of the electoral process

Promoting human dignity and Human Rights from an African Christian perspective : a reflection on Luke 4:18-19 in the context of shrinking spaces of the civil society based on the experience of churches in Tanzania, Rwanda, and the Democratic Republic of Congo

Paper presented at the Conference on Christian Perspectives on Human Dignity and Human Rights held in Wuppertal (Germany) online from 9–12 April 202

A partial general equilibrium analysis of fiscal policy injection on poverty and inequality in South Africa

This study employs a partial general equilibrium approach calibrated on the Social Accounting Matrix (SAM) and a contemporaneous dynamic computable general equilibrium (CGE) model to assess the effect of expansionary fiscal policy on economic growth, income inequality, poverty, employment and inequality reduction in South Africa. The simulation results reveal that expansionary fiscal policy i) benefits rich ‘white’ households the most and poor ‘coloured’ households the least ii) improves adult employment more than youth employment iii) improves employment in urban areas as proposed to employment in rural areas iv) has a very small effect on improving economic growth and reducing the Gini coefficient v) benefits ‘well-off’ households more than it does ‘poor’ households vi) promotes ‘low-skilled’ employment more than it does for ‘high-skilled’ labourers. Associated policy implications based on our findings are also discussed

Implication Des Enseignants Salariés Du Primaire Et Secondaire Dans La Carrière Enseignante

Le présent travail s'intéresse à l'implication professionnelle des enseignants du primaire et du secondaire avec effet sur le rendement scolaire. Les données ont été recueillies auprès des enseignants du milieu rural (Territoire de Lubero) et Urbain (en ville de Butembo).Après traitement des données, nous avons constaté que les trois formes d'implication prédominantes sont l'implication normative suivie d'implication calculée et l'implication affective ; Aussi les trois natures d'implication professionnelle présentent des inter corrélations significatives entre elles.

Données préliminaires sur l’exploitation des pangolins (Pholidota) autour du Parc National de Kahuzi-Biega, République Démocratique du Congo

Dans un contexte où la demande des écailles des pangolins pour la médicine traditionnelle chinoise ne cesse d’augmenter, ces animaux se trouvent de plus à plus braconner. Il est donc important que les études soient menées dans leur zone de répartition pour arriver à dégager les motivations de cette exploitation dans chaque zone. C’est dans cet angle que l’étude sur l’exploitation des pangolins et de leurs produits dérivés a été réalisée autour du parc national de Kahuzi-Biega avec pour objectif de dégager les différentes fins pour lesquelles ces animaux y sont exploités et identifier les différents acteurs intervenant dans ce domaine via l’information et les connaissances des riverains. La méthode d’enquête individuelle et collective a été conduite auprès de 116 personnes pendant une période de deux mois (mars et avril 2019) autour du Secteur Tshivanga et du Secteur Itebero. Les analyses comparatives, Khi-deux, Ficher et les analyses à correspondances multiples (ACM) ont été effectuées à l’aide du logiciel Past 3.2. Les résultats obtenus montrent que les pangolins sont principalement exploités pour l’alimentation et la médecine traditionnelles. Cependant, le trafic de leurs écailles a fait augmenter la demande dans la zone. Les demandeurs des écailles viennent principalement des grandes villes (Bukavu, Goma, Kisangani) et des certaines pays étrangers (Ouganda, Burundi, Tanzanie et les agents de la Mission des Nations-Unies pour la Stabilisation au Congo). Le commerce des écailles pour satisfaire la demande externe, bien qu’encore à ces débuts, vient menacer les pangolins dans cette zone où la chasse est strictement interdite. Ce commerce passe par des intermédiaires, dont les principaux sont les enfants du milieu.Mots clés : Étude préliminaire, exploitation, pangolins, Kahuzi-biega, RDC English Title: Preliminary data on the exploitation of Pangolins (Pholidota) about the National Park of Kahuzi-Biega, Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC)In a context where the demand for pangolin scales for traditional Chinese medicine continues to increase, these animals are increasingly being poached. It is therefore important that studies be carried out in their area of distribution in order to identify the motivations for this exploitation in each area. It is in this perspective that the study on the exploitation of pangolins and their by-products was carried out around the Kahuzi-Biega National Park with the aim of identifying the different purposes for which these animals are exploited there and to identify the different actors involved in this field through the information and knowledge of local residents. The individual and collective survey method was conducted among 116 people over a two-month period (March and April 2019) around the Tshivanga Sector and the Itebero Sector. Comparative, Chi-square, File and Multiple Correspondence Analysis (MCA) analyses were carried out using Past 3.2 software. The results obtained show that pangolins are mainly exploited for traditional food and medicine. However, the trafficking of their scales has increased demand in the area. The demand for the scales comes mainly from the big cities (Bukavu, Goma, Kisangani) and from some foreign countries (Uganda, Burundi, Tanzania and agents of the United Nations Stabilization Mission in Congo). The trade in scales to satisfy external demand, although still in its infancy, is threatening pangolins in this area where hunting is strictly prohibited. This trade goes through intermediaries, the main ones being local children.Keywords: Preliminary study, exploitation, pangolins, Kahuzi-biega, DRC

Causes Et Conséquences De L’épuisement Professionnel Perçu Par Les Enseignants Du Supérieur, Vécu Professionnel Et Prévalence

Cette étude a pour objectif général d'identifier les causes et les conséquences du burnout perçues par les enseignants du supérieur en milieu professionnel en territoire de Lubero, Beni et en ville de Butembo et Beni. Une étude descriptive était menée avec une taille d'échantillons Occasionnel de 100 enseignants du supérieur, sur un questionnaire utilisé comme instruments qui, à savoir l'échelle de Malasch (MBI) qui mesure le degré de l'épuisement professionnel. Après avoir collecté des données une analyse de prévalence et corrélationnelle des dimensions des dimensions du burnout a été faite avec le Logiciel SPSS version 20.La prévalence du burnout était de 73%. De manière spécifique, 82 % avaient un niveau élevé d'épuisement émotionnel, 77 % avaient un niveau élevé de dépersonnalisation et 83 % avaient un niveau élevé de sentiment d'exécution personnel. Plusieurs causes ont été causées comme responsables de ce trouble classé de la manière suivante : Cause d'ordre de connaissance, professionnelle, personnelle, médicale, etc. avec plusieurs conséquences causées sur le vécu psychologique sanitaire et social des victimes.L’analyse corrélationnelle nous révèle que le nombre d’années d’exercice est positivement corrélé au score obtenu à la dimension « Epuisement professionnel » (r=0.85, P<0.05). Autrement dit, plus les Enseignants salariés ont des années d’exercice à leur actif, plus ils témoignent d’un score d’épuisement professionnel (EP) élevé. Les autres corrélations observées ne se révèlent pas significatives au seuil de signification de 5% (marge d’erreur).L'analyse corrélationnelle nous révèle que le sentiment de menace vis-à-vis du Burnout est positivement corrélé au score obtenu à la dimension « Epuisement professionnel » ( r =.71, P<0.05). Autrement dit, plus les Enseignants salariés rapportent un sentiment de menace vis-à-vis du Burnout , plus ils témoignent effectivement d'un score d'épuisement professionnel (EP) élevé.Mots clés : E puisement professionnel : « Bern Out » (Causse-Dimension et Conséquence de l'épuisement professionnel sur le vécu personnel

Pulmonary lesions of cattle and associated financial losses at the butembo public slaughterhouse in Democratic Republic of Congo

A retrospective and active investigation was carried out with the aim of identifying the main pulmonary lesions which lead to the condemnation of the lung at the public slaughterhouse of Butembo in order to assess their economic implications. In the retrospective survey, a total of 20,755 bovine animals were collected from the slaughterhouse records from January 2016 to July 2017 and revealed a rate of 7.4 %. The lesions implicated were pulmonary aillotage, verminous bronchitis, tuberculosis, abscesses, congestion, edema, emphysema and petechial. The associated financial loss was 4,208,798/3,639.608 CDF (Congolese franc)/USD. The active survey (n = 768), carried out using the traditional method of meat inspection at the slaughterhouse from August to December 2017 revealed a condemnation rate of 10.66 % associated with a financial loss of 185,196.8/1,777.626 CDF/USD. Lesions found were verminous bronchitis, emphysema, pleurisy, pulmonary aillotage, congestion, hepatization, abscesses and petechial. Significant difference (p&lt;0.01) was determined between the different condemnation rates from the retrospective and active survey. This study determined that pulmonary aillotage, emphysema, edema, verminous bronchitis and abscesses and their associated financial losses as the main causes of condemnation of the lung at Butembo public slaughterhouse. The results of this study may be used as a basis for comparison for similar studies, provide insight into the epidemiology of respiratory diseases in livestock in the town of Butembo and insight into the extend of public exposure to certain zoonosis. Keywords: Pulmonary lesions, Cattle, Financial loss, Butembo public slaughterhous

The factors influencing the translation of facebook friendship into real-world friendship.

M. Com. University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 2014.Worldwide online social networking sites are the most popular way to make friends. Specifically, Facebook has attracted students from around the world who can connect with other students. It allows students to befriend anyone regardless of race, nationality, ethnicity, language, or gender. As far as the researcher is aware, the factors influencing the translation of Facebook friendship into real-world friendships are uncertain. The present study was therefore conducted to determine to what extent (a) language, (b) race, and (c) gender impact on the translation of Facebook friendship to real-world friendship among university students. This was accomplished through a quantitative method of data collection and analysis. The results indicate that the majority of university students are less likely to convert Facebook friends who speak a different language into real-world friends. In addition, they are unlikely to convert Facebook friends from a different ethnic group into real-world friends. Furthermore, only Black students are likely to convert Facebook friends who speak the same or a different language, as well as come from different ethnic groups, into real-world friends. Whites, Indians and Coloureds are unlikely to do so. Additionally, males are likely to convert female Facebook friends into real-world friends and females are also likely to convert female Facebook friends into real-world friends. Finally, the results show that the vast majority of university students are likely to convert Facebook friends into real-world friends provided they have met in person or if the Facebook friends are considered to be trustworthy