SPIRITUALITY IN THE WORK PLACE AND ITS IMPACTS ON THE EFFICIENCY OF MANAGEMENT

In the modern word, successful organizations have undertaken new values and approaches, and due to these values, they have achieved more morality and success. People are also deeply interested in embracing morality, not only in their personal lives, but also in their career and social life. When the society is packed with technology, communication, complication and instability, people show a tendency toward morality to fill the vacuity appeared in their lives, not only within their personal lives, but also within their career life where they spend a part of their time. Encouraging morality in work has some advantages for organizations. Morality at work results in creativity, honesty and trust, self-success, organization, commitment, and better performance of the organization. When someone feels committed to the organization s/he works for is loyal to moral and human values and respects its employees, s/he feels a kind of adaptation with the values of the organization and works for those values. The more a person is committed to morality, the more his/her creativity, mental and spiritual justice, moral and social justice, and managerial and ruling justice will be. People who have values based on theism, believe in the divine origin of the human being and in the afterlife and consider themselves as responsible and answerable before God, their existence society, and the world. This paper, in addition to giving a definition of morality, has studied morality at work from the viewpoint of different theorists, and the essence of morality from the viewpoint of religion, naturalism and existentialism, and its correlation with important managerial and organizational variablesSpirituality, Justice, Naturalism, Religious Viewpoint, Existentialism

Identifying the Factors Affecting Cultural Tourism in Iran: A Metaphorical Reading of the Concept of the Window of Entrepreneurial Opportunity

Tourism is one of the most dynamic economic activities of the present era, which plays an important role in sustainable development. Cultural tourism is one of the types of tourism that covers a wide range of tourists that deserves a great attention due to its important role in preserving the culture and history of different communities. Identifying opportunities and windows of entrepreneurial opportunity in the field of cultural tourism can empower start-ups and companies to develop the industry, create many jobs and businesses, and reduce the unemployment rate to some extent. Also, addressing the issue of entrepreneurship, especially in the field of cultural tourism, can open a window of opportunity to unemployed youth, indicating the importance of addressing this issue. Accordingly, the present study is an attempt to identify the factors affecting the creation of cultural tourism entrepreneurship opportunities in Iran. The research method is mixed exploratory (qualitative and quantitative). The statistical population of the research is experts. In the quantitative section, the statistical population includes experts in tourism offices and entrepreneurship area. The research instrument is a semi-structured interview and a researcher-made questionnaire. The research reliability is investigated and the reliability of the questionnaire is confirmed using Cronbach's alpha coefficient. The statistical method in the quantitative stage is a confirmatory factor analysis in PLS software, a single-sample T-test, and Friedman in SPSS software. The research findings show that financial factors with average rank of 3.62, infrastructure (3.44), cultural (3.29), economic (3.12), marketing (2.72), educational (2.46), legal-administrative (2.37), and social (2.18) factors are effective in creating cultural tourism opportunities. Therefore, if tourism opportunities are available as an entrepreneurial and employment source, the development and settlement of the country's provinces will be created. Material assistance to entrepreneurial people, allocating sufficient credit and budget to research projects, private sector investment incentive plans, and financial assistance to the development of accommodation, hospitality, and infrastructure development, including policy recommendations in the financial field. Creating opportunities for cultural tourism can be

Effect of ambient air pollution and temperature on the risk of stillbirth: a distributed lag nonlinear time series analysis

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to determine the effect of ambient air pollution and temperature on stillbirth in Tehran. METHODS: In this time-series study, the effect of O(3) (ppb), CO (ppm), NO(2) (ppb), SO(2) (ppb), PM(2.5) (μg/m(3)), and minimum, maximum, and mean daily temperature (°C) on stillbirth was evaluated in Tehran, Iran between March 2015 and March 2018. Using a quasi-Poisson regression model in combination with a Distributed Lag Non-linear Models (DLNM), the Relative Risk (RR) was estimated through comparing the high temperature (99th, 95th, and 75th percentiles) and low temperature (1st, 5th, and 25th percentiles) with the median. The effect of air pollution was estimated for each 1-, 5-, or 10-unit increase in the concentration during lags (days) 0–21. RESULTS: Among air pollutants, only a 5-ppm increase in the SO(2) concentration in lag 0 increased the risk of stillbirth significantly (RR = 1.062; 1.002–1.125). The largest effect of heat was observed while comparing the 99th percentile of minimum daily temperature (26.9 °C) with the median temperature (13.2 °C), which was not statistically significant (RR = 1.25; 0.95–1.65). As for cold, a non-significant protective effect was observed while comparing the 1st percentile of maximum daily temperature (3.1 °C) with the median temperature (23.2 °C) (RR = 0.92; 0.72–1.19). CONCLUSION: Each 5-ppm increase in the mean daily SO(2) in lag 0 increased the risk of stillbirth by 6% while other air pollutants had no significant effects on stillbirth. In lags 0 and 1, the heat increased the risk of stillbirth while the cold had protective effects, which were not statistically significant

New correlation for estimation of cementation factor in Asmari carbonate rock reservoirs

The cement factor is one of the most important Archie parameters which is a major source of uncertainty in the calculation of water saturation for a given reservoir condition. In carbonate rocks, due to the sensitivity of this parameter to pore type, water saturation estimation has associated with high inaccuracy. Laboratorial measurements also are available just for few cases. Despite of great importance of these factors in reservoir studies, there is no general and precise relationship for Iran reservoirs and saturation calculations are carried out by equations which usually with great error. Hence, developing a reliable correlation according to the local geology to determine this property accurately is of crucial importance.In this study, in order to establish a new correlation relationship between the mentioned parameter and porosity, 68 core samples from of one the biggest Middle East’s carbonate reservoirs (Asmari Formation) were evaluated and this new correlation compared with Borai, Shell and Sethi correlations. In the next part, according to flow zone indicator (FZI) and quality index (RQI) methods, all core samples were classified into seven discrete rock types (DRT). Finally, based on microscopic studies, the samples were categorized into 6 petrofacieses in terms of rock and pore types. Plots of the porosity versus formation resistivity measurements are shown for every petrofacieses.This study shows that using the new correlations is associated with lower error in calculations of cementation factor (based on core data set) comparing with Borai, Shell and Sethi correlations. Also, FZI-DRT and petrofacieses methods in compare with the new correlation don’t express satisfying relationships between cementation factor and porosity. Keywords: Cementation factor, Petrofacies, Flow zone indicator, Quality index, Discrete rock type

Efficiency of Fenton Oxidation in Rodamine B Removal from Synthetic Solutions

Environmental and health hazards are regarded among the problems associated with the disposal of raw or undertreated wastewaters containing reactive dyes discharged into the environment, and especially into receiving waters. Conventional treatment methods lack the desirable efficiency in removing these compounds. For this type of wastewater, researchers, therefore, recommend methods, collectively called "advanced oxidation processes" such as the Fenton process, that are capable of removing toxic and non-biodegradable compounds. This experimental-intervention study was carried out on the laboratory scale to investigate the Rodamine B and COD removal efficiency of the Fenton oxidation process. The effects of such parameters as H2O2, Fe2+, and reaction time were investigated using a 1-L batch reactor. The results revealed that the process achieved a decolorization efficiency of 58% and a COD removal of 48% after 60 min of reaction time when the initial concentrations of Rodamine B, COD, Fe2+, and H2O2 in the influent were 100 mg/L, 270 mg/L, 40 mg/L, and 200 mg/L, respectively, at a constant pH level of 3

Combination of the effect of ginger and anti‐inflammatory diet on children with obesity with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: A randomized clinical trial

Abstract Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common cause of liver disease in children. Following earlier reports on an increase in the prevalence of childhood obesity, NAFLD is now becoming increasingly common in children. Although no definitive cure exists, early management, early diagnosis, and treatment can reduce its complications. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of the combination of ginger and an anti‐inflammatory diet (AID) in children with obesity on fatty liver management. This randomized clinical trial was conducted on 160 children with obesity aged 8–11 years, with a mean (SD) weight of 65.01 (9.67) kg, mean (SD) height of 139.87 (7.37) cm, and mean (SD) body mass index of 33.40 (5.59) kg/m2. The study duration was 12 weeks. Children were divided into four groups: ginger (G), AID, ginger plus an AID (GPA), and control. Ginger capsules comprised 1000 mg of ginger, whereas the AID comprised fruits and vegetables, fish, turkey, and chicken (without skin) with lean meat, omega‐3 sources, nuts, legumes, probiotic products, and elimination of inflammatory food. Following the intervention, serum fasting blood sugar and high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein levels were significantly decreased in the AID (p = .006 and .002, respectively), G (p = .04 and <.001, respectively), and GPA (p <.001 in both cases, respectively) groups. Further, in the G and GPA groups, there was a significant decrease in body mass index (p = .04 in both cases, respectively), waist circumference (p = .009 and .003, respectively), waist‐to‐height ratio (p = .02 and .005, respectively), alanine aminotransferase (p = .004 and <.001, respectively), total cholesterol (p = .0002 and .0001, respectively) and low‐density lipoprotein‐cholesterol (p < .001 and <.001, respectively). Eventually, serum aspartate aminotransferase was decreased (p < .001) and high‐density lipoprotein‐cholesterol (p = .03) was increased significantly in the GPA group. As a main finding of this study, hepatic steatosis significantly decreased in the G and GPA groups. Ginger supplementation can effectively improve NAFLD in children, and its effectiveness was further increased when combined with an AID