Effects of humidity level and IBA dose application on the softwood top cuttings of white mulberry (Morus alba L.) and black mulberry (Morus nigra L.) types

In this research, the effects of 85-90% relative humidity and ındol-3-butyric acid (IBA) doses on softwood top cuttings of two black mulberry (Types 1 and 2) and one white mulberry (Type 3) types were studied. Cuttings were taken from early June (14 Haziran) and applied to the different IBA doses (0, 1000, 2000, 3000 and 4000 ppm). Cuttings were planted in pumice medium under misting system in the greenhouse for 48 days in order to root. The highest rooting percentage was determined from Type 1 (black mulberry) in 2000 and 3000 ppm IBA doses application (100%). The lowest one was control group from Type 2 (black mulberry) which was not rooted. Acording to increase liveliness of the cuttings, rooting percentage increased. Nearly all of the living cuttings were rooted. The highest ratio of cutting callus formation was found to be 2000 and 3000 ppm IBA doses (100%) from Type 1; the lowest one was determined control group of Types 2 and 3 (0.00%). The highest rooting area lenght was found from Type 3 (2.00 cm) and Type 1 (1.92 cm); the lowest one was control group of Type 2 (0.00 cm). With respect to root numbers, the highest value was found from Type 3 (21.73 number/cutting) and Type1 (16.42 number/cutting); the lowest one was control group of Type 2 (0.00 number/cutting). The longest root was determined from 3000 ppm IBA dose of Type 1 (11.23 cm); the highest root branching value was found from Type 3 in 3000 ppm IBA dose (16.20 number/cutting) application

Effects of some humidity and IBA hormone dose applicatýons on rooting of M9 apple clonal rootstock Softwood top cuttings

In this study, softwood cuttings were taken from M9 dwarf apple rootstocks in early June. Different indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) concentrations [0 (control), 500, 1500, 2500 and 3500 ppm], different air humidity levels (85 - 90%, 95-100%) and rooting media of perlite effects on rooting capability and root formation of M9 apple rootstock cuttings were examined. All the cuttings remained alive. The highest ratio of cutting callus formation was found in control group (58%) in 95 - 100% humidity level and 2500 ppm IBA hormone dose application in 85 - 90% humidity level. The highest rooting ratio was obtained from control group (46%) in 95 - 100% humidity level; the lowest one was 3500 ppm IBA doseapplication (17%) in 85 - 90% relative humidity level. The highest rooting surface lenght was found in 1500 ppm hormone dose (0.53 cm) in 95 - 100% and 2500 ppm IBA dose application (0.42 cm) in 85 - 90% humidity level. With respect to root numbers, the highest value was from 1500 ppm IBA application (1.29 number/cutting) in 95 - 100% relative humidity, and 500 and 2500 ppm IBA doses (1.04 number/cutting) in 85 - 90% relative humidity level. The longest root was obtained from control group (2.03 cm) in 95 - 100% humidity level and 500 ppm IBA hormone dose (1.80 cm) in 85 - 90% humidity level. The shortest root was obtained from 2500 ppm IBA hormone dose  application (0.09 cm) in 85-90% humidity level. The highest root branching value was obtained from 1500 ppm hormone doseapplication (0.88 number/cutting) in 95 - 100% humidity level

Anisotropic Etching of Graphite and Graphene in a Remote Hydrogen Plasma

We investigate the etching of a pure hydrogen plasma on graphite samples and graphene flakes on SiO$_2$ and hexagonal Boron-Nitride (hBN) substrates. The pressure and distance dependence of the graphite exposure experiments reveals the existence of two distinct plasma regimes: the direct and the remote plasma regime. Graphite surfaces exposed directly to the hydrogen plasma exhibit numerous etch pits of various size and depth, indicating continuous defect creation throughout the etching process. In contrast, anisotropic etching forming regular and symmetric hexagons starting only from preexisting defects and edges is seen in the remote plasma regime, where the sample is located downstream, outside of the glowing plasma. This regime is possible in a narrow window of parameters where essentially all ions have already recombined, yet a flux of H-radicals performing anisotropic etching is still present. At the required process pressures, the radicals can recombine only on surfaces, not in the gas itself. Thus, the tube material needs to exhibit a sufficiently low H radical recombination coefficient, such a found for quartz or pyrex. In the remote regime, we investigate the etching of single layer and bilayer graphene on SiO$_2$ and hBN substrates. We find isotropic etching for single layer graphene on SiO$_2$, whereas we observe highly anisotropic etching for graphene on a hBN substrate. For bilayer graphene, anisotropic etching is observed on both substrates. Finally, we demonstrate the use of artificial defects to create well defined graphene nanostructures with clean crystallographic edges.Comment: 7 pages, 4 color figure

Design and Motion Control of a Lower Limb Robotic Exoskeleton

This chapter presents the results of research work on design, actuator selection and motion control of a lower extremity exoskeleton developed to provide legged mobility to spinal cord injured (SCI) individuals. The exoskeleton has two degrees of freedom per leg. Hip and knee joints are actuated in the sagittal plane by using DC servomotors. Additional effort supplied by user’s arms through crutches is defined as user support rate (USR). Experimentally determined USR values are considered in actuator torque computations for achieving a realistic actuator selection. A custom-embedded system is used to control exoskeleton. Reference joint trajectories are determined by using clinical gait analysis (CGA). Three-loop cascade controllers with current, velocity and position feedback are designed for controlling the joint motions of the exoskeleton. A non-linear ARX model is used to determine controller parameters. Overall performance and an assistive effect of WSE-2 are experimentally investigated by conducting tests with a paraplegic patient with T10 complete injury

Characterization of Hydrogen Plasma Defined Graphene Edges

We investigate the quality of hydrogen plasma defined graphene edges by Raman spectroscopy, atomic resolution AFM and low temperature electronic transport measurements. The exposure of graphite samples to a remote hydrogen plasma leads to the formation of hexagonal shaped etch pits, reflecting the anisotropy of the etch. Atomic resolution AFM reveals that the sides of these hexagons are oriented along the zigzag direction of the graphite crystal lattice and the absence of the D-peak in the Raman spectrum indicates that the edges are high quality zigzag edges. In a second step of the experiment, we investigate hexagon edges created in single layer graphene on hexagonal boron nitride and find a substantial D-peak intensity. Polarization dependent Raman measurements reveal that hydrogen plasma defined edges consist of a mixture of zigzag and armchair segments. Furthermore, electronic transport measurements were performed on hydrogen plasma defined graphene nanoribbons which indicate a high quality of the bulk but a relatively low edge quality, in agreement with the Raman data. These findings are supported by tight-binding transport simulations. Hence, further optimization of the hydrogen plasma etching technique is required to obtain pure crystalline graphene edges.Comment: 10 pages, 7 figure

EPIDEMIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF VIRAL HEPATITIS IN PATIENTS WITH RHEUMATIC DISEASES - IMPLICATIONS FROM TREASURE DATABASE

EULAR European Congress of Rheumatology (EULAR) -- JUN 01-04, 2022 -- Copenhagen, DENMARK[Abstract Not Available]European Alliance Assoc Rheumato

Sensitive detection of glucagon aggregation using amyloid fibril‐specific antibodies

Sensitive detection of protein aggregates is important for evaluating the quality of biopharmaceuticals and detecting misfolded proteins in several neurodegenerative diseases. However, it is challenging to detect extremely low concentrations (20 times more sensitive than detection using a conventional, amyloid‐specific fluorescent dye (Thioflavin T). We expect that this type of sensitive immunoassay can be readily integrated into the drug development process to improve the generation of safe and potent peptide therapeutics.Sensitive detection of protein aggregates is important for evaluating the quality of biopharmaceuticals and detecting misfolded proteins in several neurodegenerative diseases. However, it is challenging to detect extremely low concentrations (20 times more sensitive than conventional methods for detecting glucagon fibrils.Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/150615/1/bit26994_am.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/150615/2/bit26994.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/150615/3/bit26994-sup-0001-Supporting_Information__submission_.pd

Note on the special fillet fatty acid composition of the dwarf carp (Cyprinus carpio carpio) living in thermal Lake Hévíz, Hungary

Fatty acid (FA) composition of the fillet and the intestinal content of dwarf common carp (Cyprinus carpio carpio) living in Lake Hévíz was determined in wintertime collected samples and results were compared to widespread literature data on carp. Fillet FA profile of the thermally adapted (28 oC) Hévíz dwarf carps differed from profiles originated from divergent culture and feeding conditions in the overall level of saturation. Fillet myristic acid proportions largely exceeded all literature data in spite of poor dietary supply. Fillet fatty acid results indicate the effects of thermal adaptation (high saturation level) and the correlative effects of feed components rich in omega-3 fatty acids, with special respect to docosahexaenoic acid. With the application of discriminant factor analysis the Hévíz sample was accurately differentiated from the literature data on carp fillet fatty acid profile, mostly based on C14:0, C18:1 n9, C18:2 n6, C20:1 n9 and C20:4 n6 FAs. In summary, fillet FA profile suggested thermal adaptation, location specificity and the ingestion of algal and bacterial material

Updating the Psoriatic Arthritis (PsA) core domain set:A report from the PsA workshop at OMERACT 2016

OBJECTIVE: To include the patient perspective in accordance with the Outcome Measures in Rheumatology (OMERACT) Filter 2.0 in the updated Psoriatic Arthritis (PsA) Core Domain Set for randomized controlled trials (RCT) and longitudinal observational studies (LOS).METHODS: At OMERACT 2016, research conducted to update the PsA Core Domain Set was presented and discussed in breakout groups. The updated PsA Core Domain Set was voted on and endorsed by OMERACT participants.RESULTS: We conducted a systematic literature review of domains measured in PsA RCT and LOS, and identified 24 domains. We conducted 24 focus groups with 130 patients from 7 countries representing 5 continents to identify patient domains. We achieved consensus through 2 rounds of separate surveys with 50 patients and 75 physicians, and a nominal group technique meeting with 12 patients and 12 physicians. We conducted a workshop and breakout groups at OMERACT 2016 in which findings were presented and discussed. The updated PsA Core Domain Set endorsed with 90% agreement by OMERACT 2016 participants included musculoskeletal disease activity, skin disease activity, fatigue, pain, patient's global assessment, physical function, health-related quality of life, and systemic inflammation, which were recommended for all RCT and LOS. These were important, but not required in all RCT and LOS: economic cost, emotional well-being, participation, and structural damage. Independence, sleep, stiffness, and treatment burden were on the research agenda.CONCLUSION: The updated PsA Core Domain Set was endorsed at OMERACT 2016. Next steps for the PsA working group include evaluation of PsA outcome measures and development of a PsA Core Outcome Measurement Set.</p