Deliverable D4.2. User satisfaction of climate services

The EVOKED framework focuses on the co-creation aspects of climate services (co-design, co-development and co-validation) using Living Labs to engage stakeholders. Embedded in each of these steps, is a co-evaluation process to assess the experience of the stakeholders involved in the co-creation of climate services. Furthermore, co-evaluation assesses user satisfaction as feedback to bridge the process-content gap and thus to improve each step in the EVOKED framework and ultimately help build engaged communities. To carry out co-evaluation during the EVOKED project, a questionnaire was developed and completed by the participants of the Living Labs. The questionnaire includes evaluations of the Living Labs process itself as well as the climate services being developed. This report D4.2 'User satisfaction of climate services' aims to document and present the use and results from the questionnaires as they were used in Living Lab workshops and during the different field trials for the development of tailored climate services for five EVOKED case study sites.EU, Horizon Europe European Research Area for Climate Services JPI Climate The Research Council of Norway Federal Ministry of Education and Research (Germany) NWO FORMA

Hazard and risk assessment for early phase road planning in Norway

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Sørpeskred. Egenskaper, historikk og sikringsløsninger

Sørpeskred er en skredtype som gjør stor skade på infrastruktur og bebyggelse, men som er forsket på og dokumentert i mye mindre omfang enn for eksempel snøskred og flomskred. Sørpeskred oppstår når snødekket mettes med vann og mobiliseres som en flytende masse nedover skredløpet. Det pågår diskusjoner om varmere vær med flere innslag av intensivt regn på snødekket om vinteren kan gi opphav til flere sørpeskred. Det er derfor viktig å kunne identifisere mulige sørpeskredområder og vurdere teknikker og konsepter for sikring mot sørpeskred. Rapporten gir en kort innføring i sørpeskred som naturfare, og hvilke prosesser som fører til sørpeskred. På bakgrunn av denne informasjonen blir ulike sikringsløsninger presentert og diskutert

Landslide risk reduction through close partnership between research, industry, and public entities in Norway: Pilots and case studies

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Ethics of Climate Change Adaptation -The Case of Torrential Rains in Norway

This article analyses adaptation to climate induced challenges in form of torrential rains hitting urban landscapes in Norway with increased frequency. Specifically, it investigates the influence of the industry structure on ethical challenges when the climate changes. A meta-analysis of the scientific output from a major multi-disciplinary research program is carried out. In addition, the methods include use of expert opinions, literature review and document studies. Climate change adaptation challenges disciplines within civil engineering and natural sciences. Following this, established practices need alteration as specialists face new ethical challenges. Practical climate change adaptation requires the ability to overcome silo mentality among the involved disciplines. Challenges involve acknowledging responsibility, transparency, and information quality. Engineering takes place in an environment of incomplete knowledge. In addition, there is a high degree of decentralised decision-making and directives, and laws and regulations are often lagging after the experienced challenges. Consequently, individual experts experience increased ethical challenges. Systemic circumstances apprehension is necessary for reducing societal risks within climate change adaptation. Both education of engineers and cooperation between specialists from different disciplines is needed to master the altered framework conditions.publishedVersio

Identification of landslide hazard and risk ‘hotspots’ in Europe

Landslides are a serious problem for humans and infrastructure in many parts of Europe. Experts know to a certain degree which parts of the continent are most exposed to landslide hazard. Nevertheless, neither the geographical location of previous landslide events nor knowledge of locations with high landslide hazard necessarily point out the areas with highest landslide risk. In addition, landslides often occur unexpectedly and the decisions on where investments should be made to manage and mitigate future events are based on the need to demonstrate action and political will. The goal of this study was to undertake a uniform and objective analysis of landslide hazard and risk for Europe. Two independent models, an expert-based or heuristic and a statistical model (logistic regression), were developed to assess the landslide hazard. Both models are based on applying an appropriate combination of the parameters representing susceptibility factors (slope, lithology, soil moisture, vegetation cover and other- factors if available) and triggering factors (extreme precipitation and seismicity). The weights of different susceptibility and triggering factors are calibrated to the information available in landslide inventories and physical processes. The analysis is based on uniform gridded data for Europe with a pixel resolution of roughly 30 m 9 30 m. A validation of the two hazard models by organizations in Scotland, Italy, and Romania showed good agreement for shallow landslides and rockfalls, but the hazard models fail to cover areas with slow moving landslides. In general, the results from the two models agree well pointing out the same countries with the highest total and relative area exposed to landslides. Landslide risk was quantified by counting the number of exposed people and exposed kilometers of roads and railways in each country. This process was repeated for both models. The results show the highest relative exposure to landslides in small alpine countries such as Lichtenstein. In terms of total values on a national level, Italy scores highest in both the extent of exposed area and the number for exposed population. Again, results agree between the two models, but differences between the models are higher for the risk than for the hazard results. The analysis gives a good overview of the landslide hazard and risk hotspots in Europe and allows a simple ranking of areas where mitigation measures might be most effective.JRC.H.5-Land Resources Managemen

Stakeholder evaluation of the co-production process of climate services. Experiences from two case studies in Larvik (Norway) and Flensburg (Germany)

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Climate Change Adaptation of Geo-Structures in Europe: Emerging Issues and Future Steps

Climate change is already being felt in Europe, unequivocally affecting the regions’ geo-structures. Concern over this is rising, as reflected in the increasing number of studies on the subject. However, the majority of these studies focused only on slopes and on a limited geographical scope. In this paper, we attempted to provide a broader picture of potential climate change impacts on the geo-structures in Europe by gathering the collective view of geo-engineers and geo-scientists in several countries, and by considering different geo-structure types. We also investigated how geo-structural concerns are being addressed in national adaptation plans. We found that specific provisions for geo-structural adaptation are generally lacking and mainly come in the form of strategies for specific problems. In this regard, two common strategies are hazard/risk assessment and monitoring, which are mainly implemented in relation to slope stability. We recommend that in future steps, other geo-structures are likewise given attention, particularly those assessed as also potentially significantly affected by climate change. Countries considered in this study are mainly the member countries of the European Large Geotechnical Institutes Platform (ELGIP)

Climate Change Adaptation of Geo-Structures in Europe: Emerging Issues and Future Steps

Climate change is already being felt in Europe, unequivocally affecting the regions’ geo-structures. Concern over this is rising, as reflected in the increasing number of studies on the subject. However, the majority of these studies focused only on slopes and on a limited geographical scope. In this paper, we attempted to provide a broader picture of potential climate change impacts on the geo-structures in Europe by gathering the collective view of geo-engineers and geo-scientists in several countries, and by considering different geo-structure types. We also investigated how geo-structural concerns are being addressed in national adaptation plans. We found that specific provisions for geo-structural adaptation are generally lacking and mainly come in the form of strategies for specific problems. In this regard, two common strategies are hazard/risk assessment and monitoring, which are mainly implemented in relation to slope stability. We recommend that in future steps, other geo-structures are likewise given attention, particularly those assessed as also potentially significantly affected by climate change. Countries considered in this study are mainly the member countries of the European Large Geotechnical Institutes Platform (ELGIP)

Nature-based Solutions. Landslides Safety Measures

This report presents an overview of Nature-Based Solutions (NBS) and their main applications to address climate-related challenges (temperature, floods, sea level rise, landslides, droughts) with a special emphasis on innovative physical measures for landslides mitigation. Nature-Based Solutions (NBS) is a collective term for solutions that are based on natural processes and ecosystems to solve different types of societal challenges. Of particular interest are mitigation and adaptation strategies to address climate-related challenges. The aim of this report is to provide a brief introduction to NBS for addressing mitigation of natural hazards linked to extreme weather events. In particular, the report is focused on innovative solutions suitable for landslides protection in accordance with Work Package 3 (WP3) in Klima 2050, but it also includes elements relevant for flood and stormwater protection (WP2 in Klima 2050). The innovation potential relates to both technical solutions appropriate for private and public partners of Klima 2050, and to new solutions related to management, governance, training and communication, which may be most relevant to public partners. In addition to discussing the use of NBS and describing examples of NBS to be used for climate related natural hazards, the report provides reference to key actors, important studies, and the potential for innovation, in Norway as well as internationally.publishedVersio