Method of and apparatus for measuring temperature and pressure

Laser beams are transmitted through gas to a reflecting target, which may be either a solid surface or particulate matter in gas or the gas molecules. The return beams are measured to determine the amount of energy absorbed by the gas. For temperature measurements, the laser beam has a wavelength at which the gas exhibits a relatively temperature sensitive and pressure insensitive absorption characteristic for pressure measurements, the laser beam has a wavelength at which the gas has a relatively pressure sensitive and temperature insensitive absorption characteristic. To reduce the effects of scattering on the absorption measurements a reference laser beam with a weak absorption characteristic is transmitted colinearly with the data beam having a strong absorption characteristic. The two signals are processed as a ratio to eliminate back scattering. Embodiments of transmitters and receivers described include a sequential laser pulse transmitter and receiver, a simultaneous laser pulse transmitter and receiver

Ethical leadership: through the eyes of employees

Ethical leaders in organizations are important for putting formal ethics programs into practice as they are role models of appropriate behaviors. The four empirical studies included in this dissertation examined the antecedents and outcomes of ethical leader behavior. In the studies ethical leadership is measured through the eyes of employees. One of the main findings is that ethical leadership may be seen and measured as seven separate distinguishable behaviors or combined into an overall construct. Another important finding is that ethical leadership is positively related to several employees’ attitudes and behaviors. The results showed that the context can inhibit or enhance the strength of the impact of the ethical leader on employees

Portable flash lamp reflectance analyzer system and method

The system and method allow spectroscopic analysis of vegetation or the like without effects from changing sun and cloud conditions, undesired portions of the area of interest or atmospheric disturbances. The system (1) includes a light source (5) such as a xenon flash lamp, a telescope (7), a spectrometer (9), an analog/digital converter (11), a memory (13), a display (15), and an on-board microprocessor (17) or a port (19) for attachment to a laptop computer. The system is taken to an area of interest in the woods (step 41), the vegetation is illuminated from below (step 43) and data are taken (step 45)

Engineering a laser remote sensor for atmospheric pressure and temperature

A system for the remote sensing of atmospheric pressure and temperature is described. Resonant lines in the 7600 Angstrom oxygen A band region are used and an organic dye laser beam is tuned to measure line absorption changes with temperature or pressure. A reference beam outside this band is also transmitted for calibration. Using lidar techniques, profiling of these parameters with altitude can be accomplished

GSFC short pulse radar, JONSWAP-75

In September 1975, the Goddard Space Flight Center operated a short pulse radar during ocean wave measuring experiments off the coast of West Germany in the North Sea. The experiment was part of JONSWAP-75. The radar system and operations during the experiment are described along with examples of data

Patronen van communicatie en hun organisatorisch verband bij de landbouwvoorlichting in Suriname

Agricultural extension in Surinam: communication patterns and their organizational structure.This empirical research in Surinam was designed to study socio-economic variables that influence communication and change resulting from extension work in two rural areas. The study focusses on environmental factors that may accelerate or retard the adoption of innovations by small rice farmers. It was found that farmers operating within an irrigated area were more inclined to employ new practices for rice cultivation that those within an area lacking such facilities. Farmers of different ethnic origin contrasted sharply in communication behaviour with extension workers. The hypothesis that farmers with large holdings (8-20 ha) make more use of information sources than smallholders (1 - 2 ha) could be extended to a hypothesis on socio-economic status.A separate study of internal communication within the extension service showed that little useful knowledge reached the fieldworker isolated on the periphery of his organization. A goal displacement had taken place, whereby the collection of agricultural data predominated over advisory work with farmers. The communication network with the agricultural station did not function because of perceived differences in educational level, task components and work conditions. The author specified a number of recommendations on organizational change within the agency concerned.<p/

Synchronization of video recording and laser pulses including background light suppression

An apparatus for and a method of triggering a pulsed light source, in particular a laser light source, for predictable capture of the source by video equipment. A frame synchronization signal is derived from the video signal of a camera to trigger the laser and position the resulting laser light pulse in the appropriate field of the video frame and during the opening of the electronic shutter, if such shutter is included in the camera. Positioning of the laser pulse in the proper video field allows, after recording, for the viewing of the laser light image with a video monitor using the pause mode on a standard cassette-type VCR. This invention also allows for fine positioning of the laser pulse to fall within the electronic shutter opening. For cameras with externally controllable electronic shutters, the invention provides for background light suppression by increasing shutter speed during the frame in which the laser light image is captured. This results in the laser light appearing in one frame in which the background scene is suppressed with the laser light being uneffected, while in all other frames, the shutter speed is slower, allowing for the normal recording of the background scene. This invention also allows for arbitrary (manual or external) triggering of the laser with full video synchronization and background light suppression