Female genital mutilation

This work was digitised and made available on open access by Yooroang Garang, the School of Indigenous Health Studies; the University of Sydney; and Sydney eScholarship. It may only be used for the purposes of research and study. Where possible, the School will try to notify the author of this work. If you have any inquiries or issues regarding this work being made available please contact the Sydney eScholarship Repository Coordinator - [email protected] Genital Mutilation (FGM) is a procedure involving partial or total removal of genitalia for cultural or non-therapeutic purposes. It is practiced for economic, traditional and religious reasons in different countries around the globe. What policies and legislation have been used to prevent the practice and how Australia deals with it is among some of her migrant population is the purpose of this study. The study shows that the practice of FGM in other countries must be viewed with caution, within the context of social, economic and traditional structures of these societies. Faced with the dilemma of one's right against the horm of the tradition, western societies has now embarked on preventative measures through education and changes in behaviour

Beloningsverschillen tussen mannelijke en vrouwelijke managers

Item does not contain fulltextVrouwen zijn er in de afgelopen decennia steeds beter in geslaagd hoge posities op de arbeidsmarkt te verwerven. Een kwestie die daarmee samenhangt is of vrouwen in deze hogere functies ook gelijkelijk beloond worden. Om hierover meer duidelijkheid te verkrijgen, is in deze studie het uurloon van vrouwelijke en mannelijke managers vergeleken en is nagegaan waar optredende beloningsverschillen aan te wijten zijn. De analyses laten zien dat vrouwelijke managers gemiddeld zo'n ƒ 26,- per uur verdienen, ruim ƒ 13,- minder dan hun mannelijke tegenpolen. Deze beloningsachterstand is zowel in absolute als in relatieve zin groter dan in de rest van de werkzame bevolking. In dit artikel gaan wij nader in op de vraag in hoeverre deze seksespecifieke beloningsverschillen zijn toe te schrijven aan verschillen tussen mannelijke en vrouwelijke managers wat betreft de individuele kwalificaties die zij met zich meebrengen, de specifieke kenmerken van hun managementberoep en de segmenten van de arbeidsmarkt waar zij als manager werkzaam zijn.14 p

The impact of midlife educational, work, health and family experiences on men's early retirement

Objectives. In empirical studies on predictors of retirement, midlife experiences have often remained implicit or been neglected. This study aims to improve our understanding of retirement by examining the impact of midlife educational, work, health, and family experiences on early retirement intentions and behavior. We distinguish theoretically and empirically between financial and nonfinancial preretirement factors through which midlife experiences could affect retirement. Methods. Using panel data of 1,229 Dutch male older workers, we estimated linear regression models to explain retirement intentions and logistic regression models to explain retirement behavior. Results. Midlife experiences in all studied life spheres are related to retirement intentions. Educational investments, job changes, late transitions into parenthood, and late divorces are associated with weaker intentions to retire early. Midlife health problems are related to stronger early retirement intentions. For midlife work and family experiences, the relationships are (partly) mediated by the preretirement financial opportunity structure. In the educational, work, and health spheres, the preretirement nonfinancial situation has a mediating effect. Only some of the predictors of retirement intentions also predicted retirement behavior. Discussion. Given the destandardization of life courses, information on distal life experiences might become even more important toward understanding retirement in the future. keywords: children; divorce; education; life course; retirement; work history