Ökologische Tierzucht: Status Quo, Möglichkeiten und Erfordernisse in der Rinder- und Schweinezucht

Die im Rahmen der Status-quo-Analyse durchgeführte Befragung der ökologischen Verbände, der Zuchtverbände und -unternehmen sowie der Verarbeitungs- und Vermarktungsbetriebe ergab, dass die ökologisch wirtschaftenden Betriebe auf vorhandene Rassen zurückgreifen. Die alten und gefährdeten Haustierrassen spielen im ökologischen Landbau eine untergeordnete Rolle, da sie in den Leistungsmerkmalen den übrigen Rassen unterlegen sind. Als Zuchtziele für die Schweinezucht werden neben den ökonomisch wichtigen Merkmalen MFA, TZ und FUA auf der Vaterseite die Merkmale Stressresistenz und Fleischbeschaffenheit und auf der Mutterseite die Merkmale Vitalität und Muttereigenschaften als Zuchtzielmerkmale vorgeschlagen. Darüber hinaus sollte die Grundfutterverwertung aufgrund des geforderten Raufutteranteils beachtet werden. Für das Zuchtziel in einem Zuchtprogramm für ökologisch erzeugte Rinder wird eine stärkere Gewichtung der funktionalen Merkmale und insbesondere der funktionalen Nutzungsdauer gefordert. Von den Zuchtverbänden und -unternehmen wurde betont, dass ein eigenes Zuchtprogramm sowohl in der ökologischen Rinder- als auch in der ökologischen Schweinezucht zu hohe Kosten verursachen würde, da der Absatzmarkt zu klein ist. Die anschließende Evaluierung verschiedener Zuchtplanungsalternativen für die ökologische Rinderzucht ergab, dass der Anteil künstlicher Besamung nicht unter 50 % fallen sollte, da es sonst zu einem starken Abfall des Zuchtfortschrittes und des Züchtungsgewinnes kommt. Die Erhöhung der wirtschaftlichen Gewichte der funktionalen Merkmale um 50 und um 100 % führte zu einer Verbesserung der naturalen Zuchtfortschritte der funktionalen Merkmale allerdings auf Kosten der Produktionsmerkmale. Ebenfalls eine Verbesserung der funktionalen Merkmale kann durch eine Erhöhung der Anzahl Töchter/Testbulle auf 100 und mehr erzielt werden

Halothanempfindlichkeit und beziehungen zur fleischleistung von den vaterrassen piétrain und belgische landrasse

International audienc

Development of cattle breeding strategies in Europe

Abstract. Modern milk production in Europe will undergo a radical structural change both in terms of the dairy farmer and the breeding companies. Thus, cooperation between breeding companies or breeding associations will be a necessary tool to survive in the global economy. Although some of the new molecular techniques are already in the beginning of its practical implementation, the breeding industry needs to consider international collaborations to obtain higher economic gain of certain breeds. Above that, the dairy breeding industry should think about the implementation of crossbreeding schemes to use the non-additive effects more efficiently. The implementation of crossbreeding schemes requires an even closed collaboration between the acting breeding companies and the commercial producers as it has already been shown in poultry, swine and beef cattle. These rapid developments in the entire dairy breeding industry will also influence the current dairy organizations and require their adjustment to a more flexible economy. </jats:p

Mapping the porcine RN gene to chromosome 15

International audienc

Biostratigraphic Evidence Relating to the Age-Old Question of Hannibal's Invasion of Italy, II: Chemical Biomarkers and Microbial Signatures

Open access article. Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0) appliesAs discussed in Part I, a large accumulation of mammalian faeces at the mire site in the upper Guil Valley near Mt. Viso, dated to 2168 cal 14C yr., provides the first evidence of the passage of substantial but indeterminate numbers of mammals within the time frame of the Punic invasion of Italia. Specialized organic biomarkers bound up in a highly convoluted and bioturbated bed constitute an unusual anomaly in a histosol comprised of fibric and hemist horizons that are usually expected to display horizontal bedding. The presence of deoxycholic acid and ethylcoprostanol derived from faecal matter, coupled with high relative numbers of Clostridia 16S rRNA genes, suggests a substantial accumulation of mammalian faeces at the site over 2000 years ago. The results reported here constitute the first chemical and biological evidence of the passage of large numbers of mammals, possibly indicating the route of the Hannibalic army at this time. Combined with the geological analysis reported in Part I, these data provide a background supporting the need for further historical archaeological exploration in this area.Ye

Biostratigraphic Evidence Relating to the Age-Old Question of Hannibal's Invasion of Italy, I: History and Geological Reconstruction

Controversy over the alpine route that Hannibal of Carthage followed from the Rhône Basin into Italia has raged amongst classicists and ancient historians for over two millennia. The motivation for identifying the route taken by the Punic Army through the Alps lies in its potential for identifying sites of historical archaeological significance and for the resolution of one of history's most enduring quandaries. Here, we present stratigraphic, geochemical and microbiological evidence recovered from an alluvial floodplain mire located below the Col de la Traversette (~3000 m asl—above sea level) on the French/Italian border that potentially identifies the invasion route as the one originally proposed by Sir Gavin de Beer (de Beer 1974). The dated layer is termed the MAD bed (mass animal deposition) based on disrupted bedding, greatly increased organic carbon and key/specialized biological components/compounds, the latter reported in Part II of this paper. We propose that the highly abnormal churned up (bioturbated) bed was contaminated by the passage of Hannibal's animals, possibly thousands, feeding and watering at the site, during the early stage of Hannibal's invasion of Italia (218 bc)

Milk production response of dairy cows to silage mixtures fed with concentrates of varying ruminal degradation rate.

[Anstract Not Available

International longitudinal registry of patients with atrial fibrillation and treated with rivaroxaban: RIVaroxaban Evaluation in Real life setting (RIVER)

Background Real-world data on non-vitamin K oral anticoagulants (NOACs) are essential in determining whether evidence from randomised controlled clinical trials translate into meaningful clinical benefits for patients in everyday practice. RIVER (RIVaroxaban Evaluation in Real life setting) is an ongoing international, prospective registry of patients with newly diagnosed non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) and at least one investigator-determined risk factor for stroke who received rivaroxaban as an initial treatment for the prevention of thromboembolic stroke. The aim of this paper is to describe the design of the RIVER registry and baseline characteristics of patients with newly diagnosed NVAF who received rivaroxaban as an initial treatment. Methods and results Between January 2014 and June 2017, RIVER investigators recruited 5072 patients at 309 centres in 17 countries. The aim was to enroll consecutive patients at sites where rivaroxaban was already routinely prescribed for stroke prevention. Each patient is being followed up prospectively for a minimum of 2-years. The registry will capture data on the rate and nature of all thromboembolic events (stroke / systemic embolism), bleeding complications, all-cause mortality and other major cardiovascular events as they occur. Data quality is assured through a combination of remote electronic monitoring and onsite monitoring (including source data verification in 10% of cases). Patients were mostly enrolled by cardiologists (n = 3776, 74.6%), by internal medicine specialists 14.2% (n = 718) and by primary care/general practice physicians 8.2% (n = 417). The mean (SD) age of the population was 69.5 (11.0) years, 44.3% were women. Mean (SD) CHADS2 score was 1.9 (1.2) and CHA2DS2-VASc scores was 3.2 (1.6). Almost all patients (98.5%) were prescribed with once daily dose of rivaroxaban, most commonly 20 mg (76.5%) and 15 mg (20.0%) as their initial treatment; 17.9% of patients received concomitant antiplatelet therapy. Most patients enrolled in RIVER met the recommended threshold for AC therapy (86.6% for 2012 ESC Guidelines, and 79.8% of patients according to 2016 ESC Guidelines). Conclusions The RIVER prospective registry will expand our knowledge of how rivaroxaban is prescribed in everyday practice and whether evidence from clinical trials can be translated to the broader cross-section of patients in the real world