A Forward-Looking Conceptualization of Information Privacy

Privacy is a fluid and ever-evolving concept, studied across multiple fields and with numerous definitions. Privacy research in information systems (IS) is extensive yet has not traveled far beyond the IS realm and fully engaged in the broader conversations being had with regards to privacy. This research seeks to define a larger sense of privacy that integrates the many working definitions across fields, along with related concepts, and to develop an alternative framework that can account for the constant technological and socio-technical changes through which to engage in privacy research. One such framework is developed and tested, grounded in the idea of the relative distribution of digital information decision rights across groups within a society, demonstrating the utility for future-oriented research that allows for active theorization that can adapt to rates of technological progress and resulting socio-technical changes

Dairy Product Demand Projections to 1975: Their Impact on South Dakota\u27s Dairy Industry

The economic history of the United States is replete with examples of adjustment and readjustment by firms and industries. Such adjustments are usually made necessary by changes in the economic environment, and failure to adjust rather quickly and completely to such changes can mean economic disaster for entrepreneurs within an industry, and can result in insufficiencies in the total economic system. To offset the effects of change, it is often advantageous to attempt to foresee change in the economic environment, to estimate the future impact of change on relevant sectors of the production and marketing system, and to recommend adjustments in particular industries which may help to relieve the inefficiencies which otherwise might arise. This statement generally indicates the nature of this study. There have occurred and are presently occurring important changes in the social and economic environment affecting the marketing of dairy products. Population growth, concentration, and age composition; income and its distribution; competitive pricing within and outside of the dairy industry; non-price competition from other foods; and health and dietary ideas of consumers, are all factors that have been changing and affecting the consumption pattern of dairy products. Also, technological changes have been such that the volume of fluid milk plants and dairy product manufacturing plants has been increasing, while the number of plants has declined. Smaller plants are usually unable to take advantage of technological change due to the lack of capital resources, small volume, position in the market, and sometimes because of poor management; and thus their operation may lead to difficulties. Although many adjustments have been made in South Dakota’s dairy industry to counteract such changes, indications are that further adjustments will be necessary as the economic conditions surrounding the demand and supply of dairy products continue to change. The objectives of this study were: (1) to project probable future United States demand for dairy products to 1975 and (2) to recommend the type of milk products that should be produced in South Dakota

The Al Rais meteorite: A CR chondrite or close relative?

Although the classificational group 'CR' was first put forth by McSween more than 10 years ago, it included only the Al Rais and Renazzo meteorites. It has only been the relatively recent discovery of several CR-related chondrites in Antarctica and the Sahara that has provided the necessary research material for an extensive group description and classification. Some 22 separate specimens representing at least 6 falls are now purportedly members of the CR group. In light of all this new data, an old question can once again be raised as to whether or not Al Rais should be classified in the same distinct group as Renazzo. This paper explores that question

Yamato-793605, EET79001, and other presumed martian meteorites: Compositional clues to their origins

We report new data on the bulk compositions of several martian meteorites, most notably the Y-793605 peridotite. We find that Y-793605 is remarkably similar in composition to the other shergottitic peridotites. ALH77005 and EET79001. This high degree of compositional uniformity, and analogy to terrestrial ultramafic cumulates, suggest that the three peridotites formed in the comparatively uniform early-middle (and thus deep) portion of a martian layered intrusion. Considering that the process of launching off Mars probably required that a prior impact excavated these originally deep materials to positions closer to the surface, their compositional uniformity seems improbable, unless they were originally launched as a single mass that shortly thereafter underwent a secondary collisional fragmentation in the asteroid belt. We interpret "A" lithology of EET79001 as more likely to be an endogenously produced mixed magma than an impact melt. Our results indicate that Au is only slightly enriched in EET79001-A, compared to EET79001-B. The EET79001-A lithophile element composition can only be roughly approximated by modeling it as a mixture of EET79001-B plus any known variety of shergottitic peridotite, and the Au contents of martian meteorites (in general) are highly diverse. The presence of only two grossly dissimilar rock types (EET79001-B and EET79001-"X") as discernible components in EET79001-A seems an unlikely outcome from the chaotic process of impact mixing. Moreover, in general, it seems improbable that one of only 12 martian meteorites would be an impact melt of relatively young age

Geochemical investigation of five lunar meteorites : Implications for the composition, origin and evolution of the lunar crust

The total number of lunar meteorites is now eleven, and the number of distinct finds now stands at eight. We report new data for the bulk compositions of five lunar meteorites, including Y-793274,a unique regolith breccia composed of 2/3 mare material of VLT (very-low-Ti) affinity and 1/3 highlands material compositionally similar to Apollo 16 regolith. Mixing-deconvolution of the bulk-rock composition shows that for any reasonable assumed highlands-component composition, the TiO_2 content of the mare component must be <1.2 wt%. A unique clast from the Y-791197 highlands regolith breccia is also probably of VLT-mare affinity, based on its REE pattern, Sc/Sm, Mn/Sm, and Eu/Al ratios, and the low Ti/(Ti+Cr) ratio of its pyroxene. VLT affinities have previously been inferred for numerous mare clasts observed in thin section studies of highlands meteorites, and three other recently-discovered lunar meteorites have either VLT or borderline VLT/"normal" mare compositions. Apparently, the abundance of VLT-basaltic matter in the lunar crust is greater than previously supposed; and the fundamental dichotomy of lunar magmatism into distinct nonmare and mare styles may have been less abrupt than commonly envisaged. Alternatively, the prevalence of VLT varieties of mare basalt among the lunar meteorites might be a sign of source-crater pairing. However, it seems probable that at least three, and more likely five or more, separate craters are represented; and at least one of the sources is probably on the farside. In terms of major-element composition, the four highlands regolith breccia meteorites resemble the Apollo 16 regolith. The Si content and Ca/Al ratio of the upper lunar crust appear to be monotonously close to 210mg/g and 0.53 (molar), respectively. However, concentrations of incompatible elements, including K, Th, and U, are far lower in the highlands meteorites than in regolith samples from the central nearside. This trend implies that inferred "lower limits" on the bulk-Moon content of U (and associated refractory lithophile elements) should be relaxed

Gujba: A new Bencubbin-like meteorite fall from Nigeria

Gujba is a new Bencubbin-like meteorite fall enriched in N-15 and consisting (in vol.%) of 41% metal nodules, 20% large light-colored silicate nodules and 39% dark-colored, C- and silicate-rich matrix

Geochemical investigation of two lunar mare meteorites: Yamato-793169: and Asuka-881757

We report new data for the bulk compositions of two meteorites derived from the mare lava plains of the Earth\u27s Moon : Yamato-793169 and Asuka-881757. These meteorites are remarkably similar to one another, and clearly of lunar origin, but not quite like any previously studied lunar rock. In the Ti-based classification system for mare basalts, Y-793169 and A-881757 are both low-Ti. However, viewed in relation to their extraordinarily low mg ratios, their Ti contents are also marginally consistent with kinship to previously-studied VLT (very-low-Ti) mare basalts. In another popular (albeit arbitrary) classification system, A-881757 is low-Al, and Y-793169 is marginally high-Al. Resemblances to VLT mare basalts are also evident from their unfractionated middle-REE/heavy-REE ratios and high Sc/Sm ratios. On a plot of Sc vs. Ti, Y-793169 and A-881757 plot near one another, and well apart from any Apollo/Luna mare basalt. They resemble low-Ti basalts in terms of moderate overall REE contents and V/Sm and Cr/Sm ratios, and they even resemble high-Ti basalts in having high Sc coupled with low V. The high Sc contents probably reflect partial melting of a Sc-rich source (or sources) in the lunar mantle. Neither meteorite shows the enrichments in K and Ge that remain peculiar to mare basalts from Apollo 14,apparently due to assimilation of the K-rich granitic and Ge-rich KREEPy materials that are uncommonly abundant in the Apollo 14 region. A set of remarkable coincidences between Y-793169 and A-881757 (from our data : their bizarrely high Sc despite low Ti, and extraordinarily low mg; other workers have demonstrated similar ages, ^U/^Pb, and times of blast-off from the Moon) suggests that these two meteorites might be paired, in the sense of having left the Moon in a single cratering-ejection event. The geochemical contrasts between Y-793169 and A-881757 and previously available mare basalts show that the full diversity of the lunar maria, and the factors that govern variability among mare basalts, are still poorly understood. The diversity and lack of systematics among lunar mare basalt compositions, reinforced by Y-793169 and A-881757,support the magma ocean cumulate model for genesis of the mare source regions. The relationship between geochemistry and age among mare basalts seems more complex that previously supposed, probably because the compositional stratification that develops in the pile of magma ocean cumulates is too disorderly to conform with any model for depth-time-temperature evolution of the lunar interior

From overload to Overlord: reducing cognitive load in a post app-pocalyptic world

Mobile phones are ever-present and undoubtedly beneficial and useful devices, however the amount of information available can be at times overwhelming. Despite all of the benefits and conveniences they offer, the mobile computing environment has not entirely delivered on the promise of easy and simplified access to information. Approaching this problem space using a design science approach, this study addresses information overload of the mobile user as a result of duplicate application functionality and unnecessary screen transitions. Building on the myriad approaches to this problem, this research proposes a novel block-by-default GUI interface that performs automated data classification and aggregation in the background. Subscription functionality will hopefully evolve mobile computing into an attention-based revenue model where apps are rewarded for providing user utility as opposed to maximizing user time on app

The Unified Outcomes Project: Evaluation Capacity Building, Communities of Practice, and Evaluation Coaching

Increased accountability from foundations has created a culture in which nonprofits, with limited resources and a range of reporting protocols from multiple funders, struggle to meet data-reporting expectations. Responding to this, the Robert R. McCormick Foundation in partnership with the Chicago Tribune launched the Unified Outcomes Project, an 18-month evaluation capacity-building project. The project focused on increasing grantees’ capacity to report outcome measures and utilize this evidence for program improvement, while streamlining the number of tools being used to collect data among cohort members. It utilized a model that emphasized communities of practice, evaluation coaching, and collaboration between the foundation and 29 grantees to affect evaluation outcomes across grantee contexts. This article highlights the project’s background, activities, and outcomes, and its findings suggest that the majority of participating grantees benefited from their participation – in particular those that received evaluation coaching. This article also discusses obstacles encountered by the grantees and lessons learned