Infektsioonhaigused

Eesti Arst 2016; 95(3):186–18

Puukentsefaliidi mitu palet

Puukentsefaliidi viirusnakkus (PE) on äge varieeruva kuluga nakkushaigus, mis levib kesknärvisüsteemi vaid 20–30%-l juhtudest. Enamasti on tegemist kergelt kulgeva haigusega, mis väljendub üldistes infektsiooninähtudes. Haiguse diagnoos kinnitatakse laboratoorselt. Artiklis on antud ülevaade puukentsefaliidist ning analüüsitud kesknärvisüsteemi haaravate PE-vormide esinemissagedust, haiguse kulgu ning diagnostika põhimõtteid TÜ Kliinikumis ravitud patsientidel. Eesti Arst 2013; 92(3):134–13

COVID-19 aktiivravi tulemused Tartu Ülikooli Kliinikumis 2021. aastal

Taust. Koroonaviirusnakkuse ulatuslik levik oli tõsine proovikivi paljude riikide, sealhulgas ka Eesti tervishoiusüsteemile. Uuringu eesmärk oli saada ülevaade kliinikumi koroonapatsientide demograafilistest näitajatest, ravitulemustest ning võrrelda seda rahvusvaheliste andmetega.Metoodika. Tegemist on kliinikumi 2021. aasta ravitöö retrospektiivse analüüsiga, millesse on kaasatud kõik aasta jooksul statsionaarsel aktiivravil viibinud patsiendid. Esmaselt õendusabi osakonda hospitaliseeritud on analüüsist välja jäetud. Koroonahaigetena identifitseeriti patsiendid, kelle elektroonilises haigusloos (eHL) oli lõplikus kliinilises diagnoosis põhi- või kaasuva haigusena märgitud RHK-10 kood U07.1.Tulemused. 2021. aastal hospitaliseeriti kliinikumi 1819 COVID-19-diagnoosiga patsienti, mis on 4,8% kõigist statsionaaris ravitud haigetest. COVID-19-haigete voodipäevad moodustasid 10,3% kõikidest aktiivravi voodipäevadest. Intensiivravi päevadest oli vastav osakaal 23,4%. Koroonahaigetest 50% olid mehed, mediaanvanus 64 aastat. Ligi kolmandik haigetest olid vähemalt 75aastased. Ainult tavaosakonna tingimustes raviti 1475 (81,1%) patsienti, haiglaravi mediaankestus oli 7 päeva. Selles kohordis esines 100 surmajuhtumit (letaalsus 6,8%), neist 79 patsienti olid vähemalt 75aastased. Intensiivravi vajas 344 (18,9%) patsienti. Intensiivravi mediaankestus oli 9 päeva, kogu haiglaravi kestus selles rühmas 21 päeva. 233 patsienti (67,7% intensiivravi haigetest) vajasid kopsude kunstlikku ventilatsiooni (KKV), ekstrakorporaalset membraanoksügenisatsiooni (EKMO) rakendati 26 haigel (7,5%). Suremus intensiivravi, KKVd ja EKMOt vajanute hulgas oli vastavalt 25,4%, 28,3% ja 44,4%.Kokkuvõte. Kliinikumi kõigist aktiivravi haigetest moodustasid 2021. aastal koroonapatsiendid märkimisväärse osa. Nende patsientide ravi kestis kolm korda kauem ning suremus oli ligi viis korda suurem võrreldes tavapäraste aktiivravi haigetega. Kliinikumi ravitulemused olid rahvusvahelisel tasemel

SARS-CoV-2 susceptibility and COVID-19 disease severity are associated with genetic variants affecting gene expression in a variety of tissues

Variability in SARS-CoV-2 susceptibility and COVID-19 disease severity between individuals is partly due to genetic factors. Here, we identify 4 genomic loci with suggestive associations for SARS-CoV-2 susceptibility and 19 for COVID-19 disease severity. Four of these 23 loci likely have an ethnicity-specific component. Genome-wide association study (GWAS) signals in 11 loci colocalize with expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs) associated with the expression of 20 genes in 62 tissues/cell types (range: 1:43 tissues/gene), including lung, brain, heart, muscle, and skin as well as the digestive system and immune system. We perform genetic fine mapping to compute 99% credible SNP sets, which identify 10 GWAS loci that have eight or fewer SNPs in the credible set, including three loci with one single likely causal SNP. Our study suggests that the diverse symptoms and disease severity of COVID-19 observed between individuals is associated with variants across the genome, affecting gene expression levels in a wide variety of tissue types

A first update on mapping the human genetic architecture of COVID-19

peer reviewe

Biogaasi tootmise ja kasutamise pilootuuring Harjumaal

vokMTT Viestintä- ja informaatioryhm

Biogaasi tootmise ja kasutamise pilootuuring Lääne-Virumaal

vokMTT Viestintä- ja informaatioryhm

From Waste to Traffic Fuel (W-Fuel)

The EU directive on the promotion of the use of energy from renewable sources (Directive 2009/28/EC) sets a mandatory minimum target for the use of fuels produced using renewable energy sources of 10% of total petrol and diesel consumption in the transport sector by the year 2020. In addition, it states that production of renewable fuels should be consistent with sustainable development and must not endanger biodiversity. In the INTERREG IVA Southern Finland - Estonia Sub-programme, efforts towards finding solutions to the tasks set by the EU were undertaken in co-operation with Finnish and Estonian researchers. The purpose of the From Waste to Traffic Fuel (W-Fuel) project was to promote the sustainable production and use of biogas using locally-sourced biodegradable waste materials from the food and beverage industry and the agricultural and municipal sectors. The ultimate aim of the project was to upgrade the biogas (produced based on anaerobic digestion of biodegradable wastes, sludge, manure, slurry and energy crops) to biomethane with a methane content similar to natural gas, to be further used as transport fuel with the aim of reducing traffic-borne emissions, in particular CO2. The project combined waste, energy and traffic solutions in order to decrease emissions, costs and the use of materials. Six case areas in southern Finland and northern Estonia were selected. The two case areas in Estonia were the counties of Harju and Lääne-Viru in northern Estonia. The project aimed to promote waste and sludge prevention and to commence biogas production and its subsequent upgrading to biomethane for use as a renewable fuel. The project promoted regional businesses and employment in waste treatment and green energy production. On basis of the gathered data, the biogas potentials and prerequisites of each case county were analysed. Furthermore, the environmental, economic and other regional effects of the different options were compared. By developing research-based feasibility plans, the project partners provided solutions for public and private companies, local governments and research institutes. The project was implemented in close co-operation with municipal waste and sewage companies as well as stakeholders in industry and the agricultural and transport sectors. This report presents the project results for Estonia.vokMTT Viestintä- ja informaatioryhm

Autoantibodies Neutralizing Type III Interferons Are Uncommon in Patients with Severe Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pneumonia

Autoantibodies (AABs) neutralizing type I interferons (IFN) underlie about 15% of cases of critical coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia. The impact of autoimmunity toward type III IFNs remains unexplored. We included samples from 1,002 patients with COVID-19 (50% with severe disease) and 1,489 SARS-CoV-2-naive individuals. We studied the prevalence and neutralizing capacity of AABs toward IFNλ and IFNα. Luciferase-based immunoprecipitation method was applied using pooled IFNα (subtypes 1, 2, 8, and 21) or pooled IFNλ1-IFNλ3 as antigens, followed by reporter cell-based neutralization assay. In the SARS-CoV-2-naive cohort, IFNλ AABs were more common (8.5%) than those targeting IFNα2 (2.9%) and were related with older age. In the COVID-19 cohort the presence of autoreactivity to IFNλ did not associate with severe disease [odds ratio (OR) 0.84; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.40-1.73], unlike to IFNα (OR 4.88; 95% CI 2.40-11.06; P &lt; 0.001). Most IFNλ AAB-positive COVID-19 samples (67%) did not neutralize any of the 3 IFNλ subtypes. Pan-IFNλ neutralization occurred in 5 patients (0.50%), who all suffered from severe COVID-19 pneumonia, and 4 of them neutralized IFNα2 in addition to IFNλ. Overall, AABs to type III IFNs are rarely neutralizing, and do not seem to predispose to severe COVID-19 pneumonia on their own.</p