A prominent footballer as a role model for young athletes

The aim of this study is to illustrate the need for personal role models for young athletes on the example of the Portuguese player Cristiano Ronaldo. Currently, the requirements of young football adepts are constantly growing. Football is booming and evolving very quickly. The players exceed the limits of their own field and intellectual abilities. Along with this, the awareness of players increases. And hence the need for individual development increases as well. Coping with the difficulties that arise on the path of a young athlete becomes the norm. Sports authorities play an important role in the training process. Nowadays, young people look for authorities among the most prominent athletes. One example of such prominent athletes is the Portuguese footbal player Cristiano Ronaldo, who is characterized by an exceptional attitude to training and an exemplary pursuit of his own sports career. The example of a great footballer shows the way full of sacrifices, which is necessary to achieve high sports results in the international arena. The work will present an attempt to refer to role models in sport on the example of the excellent player and illustrating young players who pursue a specific goal that achieving specific results often involves overcoming many obstacles

Toward a unified model of mobile Business Intelligence (m-BI) acceptance and use

Factors affecting mobile business intelligence (m-BI) acceptance and use have become an increasingly important topic in practice due to the growing complexity of organizations, and their underlying information systems (IS). Since, one can notice considerable interest in m-BI, however, to the best of our knowledge few studies (if any) aim to synthesize the existing body of knowledge with regards to the factors affecting m-BI acceptance and use. To fill this gap, we conducted a systematic literature review and summarized the current state of the art. By addressing research questions, we identified a set of five factors, namely: Perceived Value, Perceived Ease of Use, Managerial Attitudes, Facilitating Conditions and Quality of Information, and specified their inter-relationships. Moreover, we introduce an acceptance model (m-BIAM) on behavioral intention and use mobile Business Intelligence solutions. The contribution of this study lies in these evidence-based findings, which lay a solid foundation for further studies in the extent of testing and evaluating the m-BIAM model, targeted at delivering more evidence to confirm its validity and predictive power

The determinants of footballers' effectiveness in a German club

The assessment of footballers effectiveness is the key element of control at every step of their training, regardless of on what level they are. What seems essential is the prediction of footballers' actions, the height of which is achieved in the time directly preceding taking part in competition. Therefore, twenty footballers took part in the study which involved efficiency tests concerning maximum speed in 5 meters and 20 meters races as well as endurance measured by Beep Test. The tests were conducted at the end of lead time. Additionally, the effectiveness of action was measured in the initial perdion. No significant correlations were found between the tested variables – speed tests and effectiveness of game. A significant relationship was found only between the endurance measured by Beep Test.Summing up, the only factor significantly correlated to the effectiveness of footballers' action was endurance and it  can be therefore seen as crucial in terms of motor preparation, at the tested sport level.The assessment of footballers effectiveness is the key element of control at every step of their training, regardless of on what level they are. What seems essential is the prediction of footballers' actions, the height of which is achieved in the time directly preceding taking part in competition. Therefore, twenty footballers took part in the study which involved efficiency tests concerning maximum speed in 5 meters and 20 meters races as well as endurance measured by Beep Test. The tests were conducted at the end of lead time. Additionally, the effectiveness of action was measured in the initial perdion. No significant correlations were found between the tested variables – speed tests and effectiveness of game. A significant relationship was found only between the endurance measured by Beep Test.Summing up, the only factor significantly correlated to the effectiveness of footballers' action was endurance and it  can be therefore seen as crucial in terms of motor preparation, at the tested sport level

Anaerobic motor skills of players aged 9–15 covered by the program of polish soccer skills

Introduction. The key element of the footballer’s training is the preparation of the physical performance. Long-term observations have shown tracks in the development of motor skills. In football, anaerobic abilities play a special role in athletic training. It can be assumed that only adequately measured motor skills are a guarantee of dynamic growth. Aim of the study. The aim of this study is to assess the motor skills in the course of biological development of players aged 9–15 taking part in the Polish Soccer Skills programe and their numerical characteristics. Material and methods. The study included 1131 players at the age of 9 (n = 189), 10 (n = 170), 11 (n = 183), 12 (n = 194), 13 (n = 124), 14 (n = 151), 15 (n = 120). The respondents participated in the Polish Soccer Skills programe and had varied professional experience. The starting speed over a distance of 5 meters, run over a distance of 20 meters, power of the lower limbs, agility run and growth were measured. The average descriptive statistics: (X), the minimum (min), maximum (max) and standard deviation (SD) were measured. The study was conducted in July and August 2014 in towns of Spała, Kleszczów and Wałcz. Results and Conclusions. The study concluded that the level of anaerobic abilities are changing with the development of biological development of players taking part in the program of Polish Soccer Skills. The differences in the anaerobic abilities were observed across all age groups

Starting and running speed on the example of football clubs from Berlin

Currently, football is one of the most popular disciplines in the world. In the country of four-time World Champions, it is the most popular sport in which millions of fans and players are engaged. The German Bundesliga belongs to the Top 4 football leagues in Europe. Constant development of the discipline improves the training process. Shaping and developing selected motor skills seems to be necessary in modern training. In previous studies, many researchers emphasize the importance of motion speed in football. Nevertheless, the research conducted on a group of players of one German team in the 2017/2018 season raised some doubts.               Therefore, the study attempts to expand research and determine the relationship between start speed and running speed and the effectiveness of football games of German teams.              The research subject was 83 footballers from German clubs Berliner TSC and BSC Eintracht Südring Berlin. The results of studies carried out in Berlin in the 2017/2018 and 2018/2019 seasons were analyzed. The take-off speed in 5 m race, 20 m run speed was measured, and the players' effectiveness during the game was modified using the competent referee method. The test results were statistically processed in the Statistica 13.3 program. Descriptive statistics (X), minimum (min), maximum (max) and standard deviations (SD) statistics were performed and a correlation coefficient was determined.              In studies on an increased research group, no significant statistical relationship was found between motion speed and the effectiveness of German players' game

A new capacitive sensor based on electrostriction phenomenon : application for determination of ionic surfactants

The aim of the work was to develop a new capacitive sensor based on the electrostriction phenomenon observed in membranes deposited on solid electrodes in contact with an electrolyte solution. The functioning of the sensor was checked in determination of ionic surfactants. The sensor was based on self-assembled monolayers (SAM’s) of thiol supported on the surface of a gold electrode. Two thiols, 1-octadecanethiol and 1-hexadecanethiol, and two surfactants, anionic sodium dodecyl sulfate and cationic hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide, were chosen for studies. Different shapes of capacitance-potential curves with hysteresis were revealed. After an addition of a surfactant, the height of hystheresis changed, enabling construction of linear relationship between the hystheresis’ height and concentration of surfactant

The level of Polish youth champions’ temperamental qualities in football

There are many factors which contribute to a successful sports career in football. One of the most important ones is players’ comprehensive preparation which consists of motor, technico-tactical and psychical components. The study focuses on a selected psychical aspect and more precisely on the temperamental features that describe and explain relationship between a man and environment.The aim of the study was to determine and compare the level of highly qualified young footballers’ temperamental properties in relation to those of the average people of the same age. The subject of the research was 31 players of the Lech Poznań club (Polish champions U-17 from 2016). The research was carried out using the EAS-D questionnaire which consists of five scales: dissatisfaction, fear, anger, activity and sociability.In the conducted study, there was a statistically significant differentiation of the results between the respondents and the average people at the level of two temperamental traits such as fear (a lower score in football players) and activity (a higher score in tested football players compared to the average people of the same age)

Zespół Metaboliczny cz. II: Epidemiologia zespołu metabolicznego w Polsce i na świecie = Metabolic Syndrome part II: Epidemiology of metabolic syndrome in Poland and in the World

Kalinowski Paweł, Mianowana Maryla. Zespół Metaboliczny cz. II: Epidemiologia zespołu metabolicznego w Polsce i na świecie = Metabolic Syndrome part II: Epidemiology of metabolic syndrome in Poland and in the World. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2016;6(4):466-480. eISSN 2391-8306. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.50681http://ojs.ukw.edu.pl/index.php/johs/article/view/3497  The journal has had 7 points in Ministry of Science and Higher Education parametric evaluation. Part B item 755 (23.12.2015).755 Journal of Education, Health and Sport eISSN 2391-8306 7© The Author (s) 2016;This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, PolandOpen Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium,provided the original author(s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited.This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercialuse, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited.The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper.Received: 05.04.2016. Revised 25.04.2016. Accepted: 28.04.2016.  Zespół Metaboliczny cz. II: Epidemiologia zespołu metabolicznego w Polsce i na świecieMetabolic Syndrome part II: Epidemiology of metabolic syndrome in Poland and in the World Paweł Kalinowski1, Maryla Mianowana2 1. Samodzielna Pracownia Epidemiologii Uniwersytet Medyczny w Lublinie, Staszica 4/6, 20-081 Lublin2. Oddział Kardiologii – Pododdział Intensywnego Nadzoru Kardiologicznego, Wojewódzki Szpital Specjalistyczny im. Stefana Kardynała Wyszyńskiego, Al. Kraśnicka 100, 20-718 Lublin Słowa kluczowe: zespół metaboliczny, insulinooporność, choroby sercowo-naczyniowe, choroba niedokrwienna sercaKey words: metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance, cardio-vascular diseases, coronary heart disease StreszczenieZespół metaboliczny jako czynnik ryzyka rozwoju chorób sercowo-naczyniowych i cukrzycy typu 2, jak pokazują liczne badania, jest znacznie rozpowszechniony zarówno w Polsce jak i w Europie oraz na innych kontynentach. Od lat prowadzone są badania, która definicja zespołu metabolicznego ma najlepszą wartość prognostyczną i diagnostyczną. W zależności od kryteriów stosowanych w różnych definicjach, a także od charakterystyki badanej populacji, częstość występowania zespołu metabolicznego jest różna. Niezależnie od kryteriów jest ona wysoka i wciąż rośnie. Celem pracy było przedstawienie rozpowszechnienia zespołu metabolicznego w Polsce i innych krajach, jako czynnika ryzyka chorób układu sercowo-naczyniowego na podstawie danych dostępnych z piśmiennictwa.Według badań przeprowadzonych w Polsce zespół metaboliczny dotyczy około 20% dorosłej populacji, czyli około 5,8 miliona mieszkańców Polski, częściej występuje u kobiet niż u mężczyzn. Na świecie problem ten może dotyczyć nawet 33% populacji Stanów Zjednoczonych, 27% populacji Chin, w Europie zawiera się pomiędzy ok. 15% (Francja) do około 34 % populacji (Włochy, Finlandia). Zespół metaboliczny wiąże się ze zwiększoną częstością występowania cukrzycy, zdarzeń sercowo-naczyniowych i śmiertelności, według wielu badań 2,5-krotnie zwiększa ryzyko wystąpienia zawału mięśnia serca, powoduje 1,5-krotny wzrost śmiertelności całkowitej i 2-krotny wzrost incydentów sercowo-naczyniowych. SummaryAs numerous studies have shown, metabolic syndrome as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease and type II diabetes is widely spread, both in Poland and Europe and on other continents. The research work aiming at determining which definition of the metabolic syndrome has the best predictive and diagnostic value has been conducted for many years. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome differs depending on the criteria used in various definitions, as well as the characteristics of the examined population. Yet, irrespective of the criteria, its level remains high and is still growing. The aim of the current study is to present the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease) in Poland and other countries on the basis of information available from the reference literature.According to the studies conducted in Poland metabolic syndrome affects approximately 20 % of the adult population, that is approximately 5.8 mln. residents of Poland. It occurs more often in women than in men. Worldwide this problem might involve as much as 33% of the USA population, 27% of China’s population, and in Europe this varies between approximately 15% (France) and approximately 34% of the population (Italy, Finland). Metabolic syndrome is connected with an increased incidence rate of diabetes, cardiovascular events and mortality rate; according to many studies it raises the risk of myocardial infarction 2.5-fold, and causes a 1.5-fold increase in the  total mortality rate and a 2-fold increase of the number of cardiovascular events

Zespół Metaboliczny cz. I: przegląd kryteriów rozpoznania zespołu metabolicznego = Metabolic Syndrome part I: overview of criteria of recognition of metabolic syndrome

Kalinowski Paweł, Mianowana Maryla. Zespół Metaboliczny cz. I: przegląd kryteriów rozpoznania zespołu metabolicznego = Metabolic Syndrome part I: overview of criteria of recognition of metabolic syndrome. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2016;6(3):211-226. eISSN 2391-8306. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.50678http://ojs.ukw.edu.pl/index.php/johs/article/view/3496 The journal has had 7 points in Ministry of Science and Higher Education parametric evaluation. Part B item 755 (23.12.2015).755 Journal of Education, Health and Sport eISSN 2391-8306 7© The Author (s) 2016;This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, PolandOpen Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium,provided the original author(s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited.This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercialuse, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited.The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper.Received: 05.03.2016. Revised 20.03.2016. Accepted: 23.03.2016.  Zespół Metaboliczny cz. I: przegląd kryteriów rozpoznania zespołu metabolicznegoMetabolic Syndrome part I: overview of criteria of recognition of metabolic syndrome Paweł Kalinowski1, Maryla Mianowana2 1. Samodzielna Pracownia Epidemiologii Uniwersytet Medyczny w Lublinie, ul. Staszica 4/6, 20-081 Lublin2. Oddział Kardiologii – Pododdział Intensywnego Nadzoru Kardiologicznego, Wojewódzki Szpital Specjalistyczny im. Stefana Kardynała Wyszyńskiego, Al. Kraśnicka 100, 20-718 Lublin Słowa kluczowe: zespół metaboliczny, insulinoopornośćKey words: metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance StreszczenieZespół Metaboliczny (ZM) po raz pierwszy opisano w 1981 roku. Od tego czasu eksperci międzynarodowych Towarzystw Naukowych zaproponowali wiele definicji tego zespołu. Celem pracy jest omówienie historii badań nad zespołem metabolicznym, definicji zespołu metabolicznego i jego składowych oraz wpływu zmian w kryteriach rozpoznawania na jego rozpowszechnienie w populacji.Pierwsza definicja zespołu metabolicznego została zaproponowana przez Światową Organizację Zdrowia (WHO) w 1998r. W odpowiedzi na kryteria zaproponowane przez WHO w 1999 roku ukazały się kryteria opracowane przez Europejską Grupę Badań Insulinooporności (EGIR), które nie zawierały mikroalbuminurii, jako elementu składowego, natomiast jako główne kryterium rozpoznania również wyodrębniono insulinooporność. W 2001 r. w Trzecim Raporcie Narodowego Programu Edukacji Cholesterolowej na temat wykrywania, oceny i leczenia hipercholesterolemii u osób dorosłych (NCEP-ATP III) ukazały się kolejne kryteria, które różniły się brakiem konieczności posiadania insulinooporności do rozpoznania zespołu metabolicznego, a przez co stały się proste w użyciu w praktyce klinicznej. Następne kryteria zostały opracowane przez Międzynarodową Federację Diabetologiczną (IDF). W 2009 r. IDF w porozumieniu z Amerykańskim Towarzystwem Kardiologicznym (AHA) i amerykańskim Narodowym Instytutem Serca, Płuc i Krwi (NHLBI) zaproponowała ujednoliconą definicję zespołu dla potrzeb wczesnej identyfikacji osób z grupy ryzyka chorób sercowo-naczyniowych.Wyniki badań nad rozpowszechnieniem zespołu metabolicznego wykazują różnice w populacjach w zależności od przyjętej definicji tego zespołu. Obecnie szacując jego częstość w populacjach na różnych kontynentach badacze posługują się kilkoma definicjami zespołu metabolicznego, by sprawdzić która z nich ma największą wartość prognostyczną rozwoju chorób sercowo-naczyniowych. SummaryMetabolic syndrome (MS) was first described in 1981. Since then experts from international scientific societies have suggested many definitions of this disorder. The aim of the current study is to present the history of the research concerning metabolic syndrome, its definition, components and influence on the changes in the identification criteria for its distribution in the population.The first definition of metabolic syndrome was proposed by the World Health Organisation (WHO) in 1998. Following the criteria suggested by WHO in 1999, new ideas appeared, this time suggested by the European Group for the Study of Insulin Resistance (EGIR). They did not include microalbuminuria as one of its components, but indicated insulin resistance as a main criterion for the diagnosis of the syndrome. In 2001 the Third Report of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (Adult Treatment Panel III, ATP III) presented another criterion, which differed in the lack of the need for insulin resistance in order to diagnose metabolic syndrome. Due to that fact they became far easier to use in clinical practice. The next criteria were devised by the International Diabetes Federation (IDF). In 2009 IDF, in agreement with the American Heart Association (AHA), and the American National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), proposed a unified definition of the syndrome for the purposes of the early identification of patients belonging to the cardiovascular disease risk group.The results of the research on the prevalence of metabolic syndrome show differences in populations depending on the definition of this syndrome. At present, when estimating its frequency in various populations, the researchers are utilising several definitions of metabolic syndrome in order to check which of them possesses the highest predictive value of cardiovascular disease development

Training elements in football. Differences in the training system between polish club and german club

In modern football control and monitoring of training can increase the effectiveness of teaching. It’s going to provide coaches and athletes comprehensive training conditions. The results obtained by the athletes representing football in Poland tend to looking for reasons causing this state of affairs. The aim  was to try to show the differences in training football between Polish and German club. The subject of observation and analysis were players representing Polish and German club. Footballers presented the highest levels of sports as evidenced by participation in the highest league in Poland and Germany. The research method was used direct observation and an analysis of the results of youth teams