83 research outputs found

    Evapotranspiration Calculation on the Basis of the Riparian Zone Water Balance

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    Riparian forests have a strong influence on groundwater levels and groundwater sustainedstream baseflow. An empirical and a hydraulic version of a new method were developed to calculateevapotranspiration values from riparian zone groundwater levels. The new technique was tested on thehydrometeorological data set of the HidegvĂ­z Valley (located in Sopron Hills at the eastern foothills ofthe Alps) experimental catchment. Evapotranspiration values of this new method were compared tothe Penman-Monteith evapotranspiration values on a half hourly scale and to the White methodevapotranspiration values on a daily scale. Sensitivity analysis showed that the more reliable hydraulicversion of our ET estimation technique is most sensitive (i.e., linearly) to the values of the saturatedhydraulic conductivity and specific yield taken from the riparian zone

    Numerical Validation of a Diurnal Streamflow-Pattern-Based Evapotranspiration Estimation Method

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    The evapotranspiration (ET) estimation method by Gr ibovszki et al. (2010b) has so far been validated only at one catchment because good q uality discharge time series with the required high enough temporal resolution can probably be fou nd at only a handful of watersheds worldwide. To fill in the gap of measured data, synthetic groundw ater discharge values were produced by a 2D finite element model representing a small catchment. Geome trical and soil physical parameters of the numerical model were changed systematically and it was checked how well the model reproduced the prescribed ET time series. The tests corroborated t hat the ET-estimation method is applicable for catchments underlain by a shallow aquifer. The slop e of the riparian zone has a strong impact on the accuracy of the ET results when the slope is steep, however, the method proved to be reliable for gentle or horizontal riparian zone surfaces, which are more typical in reality. Likewise, errors sligh tly increase with the decrease of riparian zone width, and unless this width is comparable to the width of the stream (the case of a narrow riparian zone), th e ET estimates stay fairly accurate. The steepness of the valley slope had no significant effect on the r esults but the increase of the stream width (over 4 m) strongly influences the ET estimation results, so t his method can only be used for small headwater catchments. Finally, even a magnitude change in the prescribed ET rates had only a small effect on the estimation accuracy. The soil physical parameters, however, strongly influence the accuracy of the method. The model-prescribed ET values are recovere d exactly only for the sandy-loam aquifer, because only in this case was the model groundwater flow system similar to the assumed, theoretical one. For a low hydraulic conductivity aquifer (e.g. clay, silt), root water uptake creates a considera bly depressed water table under the riparian zone, ther efore the method underestimates the ET. In a sandy, coarser aquifer the flow lines never become vertica l even bellow the root zone, so the method overestimates the ET rate, thus the estimated ET va lues need to be corrected. Luckily the prescribed and estimated ET rates express a very high linear c orrelation, so the correction can be obtained by th e application of a constant, the value of which solel y depends on soil type

    Forest Litter Interception Model for a Sessile Oak Forest

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    Abstract Models that describe hydrological processes in forests may help to estimate the consequences of forestry interventions or of climate change. The authors employed a hydrologic model for estimation of forest litter interception of a middle-aged sessile oak (Quercus petraea) stand. Antecedent water content and the storage capacity of the forest litter were the main parameters of the model. The antecedent water content of the litter was estimated by the daily precipitation and temperature data, collected in Hidegviz Valley research catchment in a three year measurement period (2006-2008). The measurements were done by an instrument we developed ourselves, where the undisturbed forest litter samples were enclosed in frames and measured in daily time steps.</jats:p

    Hydrological impacts of various land cover types in the context of climate change for Zala County

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    The water balance of Zala County was analyzed using remote-sensing based actual evapotranspiration (ETA) and runoff (R) in the context of land cover types. The highest mean ETA rates were determined for water bodies (658 mm/year) and wetlands (622 mm/year). Forests have higher values than agricultural areas, and the lowest rates belong to artificial surfaces. Mean annual runoff is the largest on artificial surfaces (89 mm/year). For climate change impact analysis a Budykomodel was used in spatially distributed mode. The parameter of the Budyko model (α) was calculated for pixels without surplus water. For the extra water affected pixels a linear model with ÎČ parameter (actual evapotranspiration / pan evapotranspiration) was used. These parameters (α and ÎČ) can be used for evaluating future ETA and R in spatially distributed mode. According to the predictions, the mean annual evapotranspiration may increase about 27 mm while the runoff may decrease to one third of the present amount by end of the century

    ErdƑsĂŒlt kisvĂ­zgyƱjtƑk hidrolĂłgiai Ă©s vĂ­zminƑsĂ©gi jellemzƑi = Hydrological and water quality charasteristics of forest covered catchments

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    A projekt a közel 20 Ă©ve folyamatosan mƱködƑ erdƑállomĂĄnyok vĂ­zhĂĄztartĂĄsĂĄval kapcsolatos kutatĂĄsokat tĂĄmogatta a Sopron melletti HidegvĂ­z-völgyben. A projekt keretĂ©ben a hidegvĂ­z-völgyi kĂ­sĂ©rleti vĂ­zgyƱjtƑ folyamatos mƱködtetĂ©se mellett egyes meglĂ©vƑ mĂ©rĂ©sek tĂ©rbeli Ă©s idƑbeli kiterjesztĂ©se törtĂ©nt meg, ill. Ășj jellemzƑk mĂ©rĂ©sĂ©t is beĂĄllĂ­tottuk. Az eddigi ĂĄllomĂĄnyklĂ­ma, intercepciĂł Ă©s lefolyĂĄsmĂ©rĂ©sek mellett vizsgĂĄltuk az avarintercepciĂłt, a patakmenti talajvĂ­z Ă©s talajnedvessĂ©g vĂĄltozĂĄsĂĄt, a növĂ©nyĂĄllomĂĄnyok folyamatos fenolĂłgiai Ă©s növekedĂ©svizsgĂĄlatĂĄval kiegĂ©szĂ­tve. Az eddigi mennyisĂ©gi mĂ©rĂ©sek mellett egyes fiziko-kĂ©miai alapmĂ©rĂ©seket rendszeresĂ­tettĂŒnk 1-2 automata adatgyƱjtƑvel idƑben is kiterjesztve a mĂ©rĂ©seket. A projekt egyik legnagyobb eredmĂ©nye az erdĂ©szeti hidrolĂłgia Ă©s az erdĂ©szeti vĂ­zgazdĂĄlkodĂĄs terĂ©n az erdƑk evapotranszspirĂĄciĂłjĂĄnak szĂĄmĂ­tĂĄsĂĄra kidolgozott Ășj mĂłdszer. A projektben rĂ©sztvevƑ fiatal kutatĂłk a terepi, benti laboratĂłriumi Ă©s modellezĂ©si munkĂĄk sorĂĄn Ă©rtĂ©kes gyakorlati tapasztalatokat szereztek Ă©s kĂ©pessĂ© vĂĄltak a tudomĂĄnyterĂŒleten komoly tudomĂĄnyos eredmĂ©nyek elĂ©rĂ©sĂ©re Ă©s nemzetközi projektekben valĂł rĂ©szvĂ©telre. | This project contributed to the operation of the long term forest hydrological research in HidegvĂ­z Valley in the neighbourhood of Sopron. In the frame of this project in addition to the regular continuous working of earlier settled research activities (stand climate and interception measuring, runoff measurements) new attributes of forest hydrological cycle (forest litter interception, groundwater level and soil moisture, phenological state) has been started to measure. The earlier examined attributes measurements extended in spatial and in temporal scale also. In addition to the quantitative measurements, some basic water quality parameter has been started to measure with settling of some automatic sensors. New method is elaborated in the frame of this project, which will presumably widely used (because of its low cost demands and easy to use features). Moreover vegetation water use can be calculated with help of this novelty method more accurate than before. Young scientists, who took part of this project, gained a lot of experiences in field work, laboratory analysis and modelling. They became qualified experts in the theme of eco-hydrology and got ability to take part in international projects

    A klimatikus jellemzƑk hatĂĄsai az ĂștpĂĄlyaszerkezetre

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    A környezeti jellemzƑk (elsƑsorban a hƑmĂ©rsĂ©klet, a csapadĂ©k, a lĂ©gnedvessĂ©g, a fagyĂĄs-olvadĂĄs ciklusok Ă©s a talajvĂ­z mĂ©lysĂ©ge) jelentƑs hatĂĄst gyakorolnak az Ăștburkolatok ĂĄllapotĂĄra Ă©s Ă©lettartamĂĄra tehĂĄt a pĂĄlyaszerkezetek mĂ©retezĂ©sĂ©nĂ©l is fontos tĂ©nyezƑkĂ©nt vehetƑk figyelembe. Az aszfaltburkolatĂș pĂĄlyaszerkezetek tartĂłssĂĄgĂĄnak szĂĄmĂ­tĂĄsĂĄnĂĄl, az egyszerƱen meghatĂĄrozhatĂł Ă©s ĂĄltalĂĄban könnyen elĂ©rhetƑ meteorolĂłgiai paramĂ©terek közĂŒl, a hƑmĂ©rsĂ©klet, ennek ingadozĂĄsa Ă©s a csapadĂ©k a figyelembe vehetƑ. BĂĄr a hƑmĂ©rsĂ©klettƑl fĂŒggƑ aszfalt merevsĂ©gi modulust a tĂ©nyleges, reĂĄlisan vĂĄrhatĂł aszfalthƑmĂ©rsĂ©klet alapjĂĄn cĂ©lszerƱ felvenni. Viszont ezen mĂ©rĂ©sek csak korlĂĄtozott szĂĄmban ĂĄllnak rendelkezĂ©sre, a lĂ©ghƑmĂ©rsĂ©klet mĂ©rĂ©sek viszont igen jĂłl lefedik az orszĂĄgot ezĂ©rt felhasznĂĄlhatĂłak az aszfalthƑmĂ©rsĂ©kletek becslĂ©sĂ©re (elsƑsorban szezonĂĄlisan, havi gyakorisĂĄggal). Jelen cikk a lĂ©ghƑmĂ©rsĂ©klet Ă©s a csapadĂ©k ĂĄltalĂĄnos vĂĄltozĂĄsi tendenciĂĄit mutatja be Ă©s hasonlĂ­tja össze MagyarorszĂĄgon hĂĄrom vizsgĂĄlati idƑszakra: 1951-1980; 1981-2010; 2016-2045

    NDVI-based Downscaling of the CREMAP Actual Evapotranspiration Maps

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    The increasingly used remote sensing-based evapotranspiration estimation techniques provide information about the spatial and temporal variability of evapotranspiration on the field and regional scales. For Hungary, the most reliable evapotranspiration mapping model is the CREMAP (Calibration-Free Evapotranspiration Mapping), which uses MODIS surface temperature data. The CREMAP evapotranspiration with its 1000×1000 m (1 km2) resolution can be used for examinations with larger scales, for example the comparison of the water balance of forests with different land cover types (agricultural areas, artificial surfaces, etc.). However, the 1 km2 spatial resolution is too coarse to be used for smaller scales like precision forest management or agroforestry systems. Therefore, a vegetation index-based (MODIS NDVI) downscaling process of the CREMAP evapotranspiration was developed, to a resolution of 250×250 m (6.25 hectares). The downscaling experiment was done for Hungary, for a drier (2003 May-October) and for a wetter (2005 May-October) period. The products were analyzed, according to forest stand types. The vegetation index-based evapotranspiration downscaling process can be used for getting hydrological data for forest resource management, climate change impact studies on smaller scales or agroforestry system research

    A klimatikus jellemzƑk hatĂĄsai az ĂștpĂĄlyaszerkezetre: A pĂĄlyaszerkezet hƑmĂ©rsĂ©kletek szĂĄmĂ­tĂĄsa

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    A környezeti jellemzƑk (elsƑsorban a hƑmĂ©rsĂ©klet, a csapadĂ©k, a lĂ©gnedvessĂ©g, a fagyĂĄs-olvadĂĄs ciklusok Ă©s a talajvĂ­z mĂ©lysĂ©ge) jelentƑs hatĂĄst gyakorolnak az Ăștburkolatok ĂĄllapotĂĄra Ă©s Ă©lettartamĂĄra, tehĂĄt a pĂĄlyaszerkezetek mĂ©retezĂ©sĂ©nĂ©l is fontos tĂ©nyezƑkĂ©nt vehetƑk figyelembe. Az aszfaltburkolatĂș pĂĄlyaszerkezetek tartĂłssĂĄgĂĄnak szĂĄmĂ­tĂĄsĂĄnĂĄl, az egyszerƱen meghatĂĄrozhatĂł Ă©s ĂĄltalĂĄban könnyen elĂ©rhetƑ meteorolĂłgiai paramĂ©terek közĂŒl, a hƑmĂ©rsĂ©klet, ennek ingadozĂĄsa Ă©s a csapadĂ©k figyelembe vehetƑ. BĂĄr a hƑmĂ©rsĂ©klettƑl fĂŒggƑ aszfalt merevsĂ©gi modulust a tĂ©nyleges, reĂĄlisan vĂĄrhatĂł aszfalthƑmĂ©rsĂ©klet alapjĂĄn cĂ©lszerƱ felvenni, ezen mĂ©rĂ©sek csak korlĂĄtozott szĂĄmban ĂĄllnak rendelkezĂ©sre. Ellenben a lĂ©ghƑmĂ©rsĂ©klet mĂ©rĂ©sekkel, melyek igen jĂłl lefedik az orszĂĄgot, Ă©s felhasznĂĄlhatĂłak az aszfalthƑmĂ©rsĂ©kletek - elsƑsorban szezonĂĄlis, havi gyakorisĂĄgĂș - becslĂ©sĂ©re. Jelen cikk a lĂ©ghƑmĂ©rsĂ©kletnek, az aszfalthƑmĂ©rsĂ©kletekkel valĂł összefĂŒggĂ©sĂ©t, Ă©s a levonhatĂł következtetĂ©seket dolgozza fel
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