Characteristic and Medicinal Properties of Yellow Flowers in Sangam Literature

The beliefs, customs, culture, civilization of the people who lived ancient are based on love, heroism, etc. When Sangam literature mentions the two discriminating themes of internal and external life, the relationship and friendship they had with people, birds, animals, plants, and flowers can be well known. All these are shown in natural background. In this way, flowers become prominent. Flowers, which are a symbol of Tamil culture, takes special place from birth to death. This article examines the beauty and uniqueness of yellow flowers such as Avirai, Gongam, Chenpakam, Kannai, Vengai etc. and the medicinal properties of these flowers through Sangam literary songs

The Principles of Kurinjithinai in Agathinai

Thinai refers to the land, which is the primary object and the focus of the activities of the people. In addition to stating the governance details and material conditions, it also categorizes the objects and gives explanations accordingly. It will classify how literary material is situated, and the race will separate and specify its meanings. The study of Kurinjithinai theory has briefly examined the Thinai, the doctrines of the Thinai, the history of the Kurinji land, the reasons for the names, the hill stations, and the first theme, the theme, etc. In this, the information about Thinai is clearly mentioned. The names of the hill land and the land of Kurinji are mentioned in detail. In addition, the article contains the principles of the life of the ancient Tamils, such as the Mutharporul (five elements and time), the Karupporul (fourteen subject matters that include God), and the Uripporul (morals performed by people). Therefore, it clearly mentions the information about Thinai

Power efficient and high performance VLSI architecture for AES algorithm

AbstractAdvanced encryption standard (AES) algorithm has been widely deployed in cryptographic applications. This work proposes a low power and high throughput implementation of AES algorithm using key expansion approach. We minimize the power consumption and critical path delay using the proposed high performance architecture. It supports both encryption and decryption using 256-bit keys with a throughput of 0.06Gbps. The VHDL language is utilized for simulating the design and an FPGA chip has been used for the hardware implementations. Experimental results reveal that the proposed AES architectures offer superior performance than the existing VLSI architectures in terms of power, throughput and critical path delay

Effect of Glomus intraradices spore abundance of the inoculum on percent mycorrhizal colonization and growth of Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper

Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi are well known symbiotic microorganism found to improve the growth of host plant by mobilizing immobile nutrients, mainly phosphorus, from the soil. However, the effect of AM fungi on host plant growth depends on the percentage mycorrhizal colonization, whereas it is not clear that the percent mycorrhization impacts by AM fungal spore abundance of the inoculum. Therefore, the current investigation was conducted to know the effect of percent mycorrhization of Glomus intraradices on the growth of blackgram inoculated with varied numbers of AM fungal spores via seed biotization (1 to 10 AM fungal spores per seed). Percent mycorrhizal colonization and plant growth characteristics of blackgram were recorded after 10, 20 and 30 days of sowing (DOS). Our results are revealed that the percentage of mycorrhizal colonization significantly influenced based on the availability of AM fungal spore richness of the biotized seeds, which leads to altered crop growth. Percent mycorrhizal colonization in the roots of blackgram increased with increasing AM fungal spore abundance per seed and it ranges from 10 to 70 %. Moreover, mycorrhizal colonized plants recorded higher shoot and root length, leaf area, leaf area index, shoot and root biomass production as well as chlorophyll content over control, conversely it was increased further with increasing percent mycorrhizal colonization, which is directly proportional to the richness of the AM fungal spores per seed. Therefore, AM fungal spore abundance is one of the governing factors that influence percent mycorrhizal colonization in roots of plants besides AM fungal and plant species and soil condition

IN VITRO AND OMICS TECHNOLOGIES OPENS A NEW AVENUE FOR DECIPHERING WITHANOLIDE METABOLISM IN WITHANIA SOMNIFERA

Withania somnifera, commonly known as Ashwagandha or winter cherry, is a principal medicinal plant that has been used in Ayurvedic and native medicine. In view of its varied therapeutic prospective, it has also been the subject of considerable modern scientific attention. Ashwagandha roots are an integral of over 200 formulations in Ayurveda, Siddha and Unani medicine, which are used in the treatment of various physiological disorders. The major chemical constituents of this plant, the withanolides, are a group of naturally occurring C28-steroidal lactones. It has been extensively investigated in terms of chemistry and bioactivity profiling. However, there exists only very little fragmentary evidence about the dynamics of withanolide biosynthesis. This review examines different in vitro approaches that had been carried out over past decade of years and newly developed omics technologies for the large scale production of withanolides as well as for the analysis of genes associated with withanolide biosynthesis.Keywords: Withania somnifera, Withanolides, in vitro cultures, Genomics, Transcriptomics, In silico, Proteomics, Metabolomics

A survey of checkpointing algorithms for parallel and distributed computers

Checkpoint is defined as a designated place in a program at which normal processing is interrupted specifically to preserve the status information necessary to allow resumption of processing at a later time. Checkpointing is the process of saving the status information. This paper surveys the algorithms which have been reported in the literature for checkpointing parallel/distributed systems. It has been observed that most of the algorithms published for checkpointing in message passing systems are based on the seminal article by Chandy and Lamport. A large number of articles have been published in this area by relaxing the assumptions made in this paper and by extending it to minimise the overheads of coordination and context saving. Checkpointing for shared memory systems primarily extend cache coherence protocols to maintain a consistent memory. All of them assume that the main memory is safe for storing the context. Recently algorithms have been published for distributed shared memory systems, which extend the cache coherence protocols used in shared memory systems. They however also include methods for storing the status of distributed memory in stable storage. Most of the algorithms assume that there is no knowledge about the programs being executed. It is however felt that in development of parallel programs the user has to do a fair amount of work in distributing tasks and this information can be effectively used to simplify checkpointing and rollback recovery

New Materials for Thin Film Solar Cells

Thin film technology has a world-wide reputation in the field of thin film deposition process and also it paves a way for innovative techniques in large scale applications. Modern thin film technology has evolved into a sophisticated way to increase the performance and esthetic value for making new functional devices. One such application is search of new materials for thin film solar cells as it provides the solution for the today’s concern of energy crisis. Depending on the processing technology solar cells are of various types. Among them, silicon wafer solar cells and thin film solar cells are most promising. Thin film technology has made solar cells more feasible to be employed in terms of device design and fabrication. The efficiencies produced by these solar cells still need to be improved. For this many investigations for further improvement from CIGS (copper indium gallium selenide) solar cell to dye sensitized solar cells and perovskite solar cells. Due to toxic nature and environmental impact the use of lead in perovskite solar cells are replaced by tin or some materials which would equalize the achieved efficiency of lead. Hence the developments in search of innovative materials continue its path in thin film solar cells to develop the photovoltaic field by enhancing its efficiency

Cultural Traditions in Silapathikaram

Culture has many meanings but it refers best about the land and the spirit of the people. Culture is the refined human emotions. The customs that prevailed among the people from time to time are transformed into cultural traditions. Kundalakesi as a kundalam worn in the ears, Valayapathi as a bangle worn on the hands, Sivakasintamani as a ruby beam shining on the chest showering mercy, Manimekagalai as a pearl-studded megalai, Silapathikaram as a beautiful anklet in the feet,  all these are weared by the Tamil woman as ornaments and they enjoys it. Poet Suthananda Bharatiyar mentions that she wears Sulamani as a crown of jewels on her head and carries the scepter of Thirukkural and rules without any slippage of justice. In this article, we will see about the Silambam (anklet) on the lotus feet of such a special Tamil woman

Embedded Reconfigurable Techniques in Wireless Sensor Network Applications

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