Preventive Potential of a City Territorial Community Concerning Social Orphanhood Prevention

In the article the author reveals such concepts as “territorial community of a city”, “preventive potential”, “social capital”, “resourceful environment of a territorial community” in the context of social orphanhood prevention. Also in the research is presented author\u27s interpretation of the concept of "territorial community of a city" as a complex self-manageable social system of self-organizing local communities (city quarters, areas of a big city etc.), members of which are individuals, governmental and non-governmental social organizations, non-commercial social organizations, neighborhoodhood groups and other microstructures united by common interests, goals and activity for treating own needs (everyday life, habitat, leisure time, education, communication) and localizations of possible of social risks, also solving of a problems of a territory. Characteristic features and features of effective functioning of territorial community are defined, among which are the following: presence of individual (separated members of a community) and collective subjects (network of public and governmental organizations, social groups, neighborhoodhood unions etc.), their activity and degree of involvement in solving problems, character of interaction and permanence of connections between subjects (network of social interaction), availability of necessary resources of territorial community (as institutional, human, spiritual, time, material, administrative ones), territorial-cultural specificity of a community. In the article the author defines subjects of a community, which have preventive potential (resource) concerning social orphanhod prevention in a territorial community of a city. The author also justifies the importance of creation of a resourceful environment of a territorial community of a city for prevention of family discomfort and neglection as well as homelessness of children, defines techniques of active involvement of community residents into solving of social problems including social orphanhood. Author also reveals forms and methods of activation of a community for social orphanhood prevention

Sovereignty and Multilateralism

In the remainder of this essay I explore several issues raised by the linkages between sovereignty and multilateralism. In Part II, I critique McGinnis\u27 positive claims about multilateral cooperation, and his attempt to normatively distinguish international trade law from other forms of multilateralism. Part III then inquires into the nature of the democracy problem in international law. I argue that a focus on the substance of international legal agreements is not compelling. I present a basic framework for analysis of the democracy problem, and use it to suggest a better approach, which instead focuses on the structure and process of international lawmaking. Part IV then briefly considers the question of sovereignty in light of recent theorizing on the changing nature and meaning of sovereignty. Part V concludes

Constraint-Based Personalization For Business Applications

This paper reports on extensions of previous work applying personalization techniques and constraint-based methods within an intelligent agent framework.  The Wise Net Inc. has developed an intelligent agent framework specifically for providing advanced scalable collaborative capabilities for easy integration with existing web-enabled enterprise applications.  Since the summer of 2001, the author, his colleagues, and his research assistants, have been conducting applied research aimed at discovering the desired personalization models and effects to support collaborative e-business systems.  Intelligent agents are being developed to implement these personalization effects through constraint-satisfaction methods and solvers.  This paper documents the approach, progress achieved to date, and future directions.  This work is being supported by The Wise Net Inc., the BC Advanced Systems Institute (BC ASI), and the Canadian National Research Council (NRC) through the Industrial Research Assistance Program (IRAP)

Postwar Churches of Christ Mission Work: The Philippines as a Case Study

There was a large increase in the number of Churches of Christ missionaries and missionary efforts following World War II (WWII). There were also significant changes and developments in American religious culture following WWII—Churches of Christ were not exempt from these changes. This study examines the question of how postwar developments in American religion influenced missionary efforts of American Churches of Christ by looking at examples of American missionaries in the Philippines. The study relies heavily on primary sources, including letters and news reports from archival collections, Churches of Christ periodicals, and email correspondence with people familiar with the main church leaders during this time. Secondary sources set the larger context of postwar American religious culture, especially using the historiographical model of “big religion,” to explain the postwar American religious context. Additionally, secondary sources describe the history of the debate over the use of institutions among Churches of Christ. American Churches of Christ missionaries brought postwar developments in American religious culture (e.g., institutionalization and professionalization) with them to the mission field. Mainline Churches of Christ trained native preachers and built churches in the Philippines. Their “American” institutions and expectations created problems of reliance on American financial support, which negatively affected their work. Churches of Christ missionaries also brought American theological debates and disagreements with them to the mission field. The noninstitutional debate among American and Filipino members of the Churches of Christ in the Philippines provides a key interpretive lens for understanding the progress of the churches. Postwar American Churches of Christ missionaries who went to the Philippines were influenced by developments and changes in postwar American religious life. These changes and developments directly influenced their missionary methods in the Philippines, created problems of reliance on U.S. financial support, and led to the introduction of American theological debates

THE PENALTY RULE: A MODERN INTERPRETATION

This paper focuses on the common law doctrine of the penalty rule and the recent Supreme Court decision in Cavendish Square Holding v Makdessi and ParkingEye v Beavis. The state of the penalty rule prior to the judgment was unsatisfactory and criticized by both commentators and practitioners alike. Its indiscriminate application and unclear criteria was a needless source of uncertainty for both contracting parties and lawyers. Nevertheless, their Lordships in Cavendish refused to abolish the penalty rule but acknowledged its limited application in the modern commercial context. This paper accordingly aims to justify the continued existence of the doctrine on theoretical grounds within the English private law framework despite its practical obsolescence.