Assessing the optical configuration of a structured light scanner in metrological use

Structured light scanners for three-dimensional surface acquisition (SL scanners) are increasingly used for dimensional metrology. The optical configuration of SL scanners (focal length and baseline distance) influences the triangulation process, on which the scanners\u27 measurement principle relies. So far, only a limited number of studies has investigated the optical configuration\u27s influence on the accuracy of a SL scanner. To close this gap, this work presents a design of experiment in which the optical configuration of a SL scanner is systematically varied and its influence on the accuracy evaluated. Further, tactile reference measurements allow to separate random from systematical errors, while a special test specimen is used in two different configurations to ensure general applicability of the findings. Thus, this work provides support when designing a SL scanner by highlighting which optical configuration maximizes accuracy

Anomaly Detection in Li-ion cell Contacting – Innovative Anomaly Detection in Laser Welding: A Pipeline Based on Radiation Emission Analysis and Machine Learning.; [Anomalieerkennung bei der Li-Ionen-Zellkontaktierung]

Die vorliegende Studie untersucht die KI-basierte Anomalieerkennung beim Kontaktierprozess von Li-Ionen-Batterieelektroden. Zur Datenge- nerierung wurden Schweißproben mit zwei gezielt eingebrachten De- fekten hergestellt. Auf Basis der aufgezeichneten Strahlungsemissio- nen können die Fehlertypen aus den Zeitreihendaten durch Merkmals- extraktion und Clusterbildung voneinander unterschieden und gegen- über den defektfreien Referenzproben erfolgreich abgegrenzt werden

Designing an adaptive production control system using reinforcement learning

Modern production systems face enormous challenges due to rising customer requirements resulting in complex production systems. The operational efficiency in the competitive industry is ensured by an adequate production control system that manages all operations in order to optimize key performance indicators. Currently, control systems are mostly based on static and model-based heuristics, requiring significant human domain knowledge and, hence, do not match the dynamic environment of manufacturing companies. Data-driven reinforcement learning (RL) showed compelling results in applications such as board and computer games as well as first production applications. This paper addresses the design of RL to create an adaptive production control system by the real-world example of order dispatching in a complex job shop. As RL algorithms are “black box” approaches, they inherently prohibit a comprehensive understanding. Furthermore, the experience with advanced RL algorithms is still limited to single successful applications, which limits the transferability of results. In this paper, we examine the performance of the state, action, and reward function RL design. When analyzing the results, we identify robust RL designs. This makes RL an advantageous control system for highly dynamic and complex production systems, mainly when domain knowledge is limited

Towards planning and control in cognitive factories - A generic model including learning effects and knowledge transfer across system entities

Cognitive abilities allow robots to learn and reason from their environment. The gained knowledge can then be incorporated into the robot’s actions which in turn affect the environment. Therefore, a cognitive robot is no longer a static system that performs actions based on a pre-defined set of rules but a complex entity that dynamically adjusts over time. With this, challenges arise for production systems that need to observe and ideally anticipate the cognitive robot’s behavior. Often, digital twins are employed to test and optimize production control systems. This paper presents a generic approach to characterize, model and simulate learning processes and formalized knowledge in hybrid production systems assuming different station types with learning effects. Thereby, quantitative and qualitative learning processes are mapped including knowledge sharing and transfer across entities. A modular and parameterizable design enables the adjustment to different use cases. Eventually, the model is instantiated as a digital twin of a real production system for product disassembly employing cognitive-autonomous robots among human operators and rigidly automated machines. The model shows great potential to be integrated into test beds for planning and control systems of cognitive factories

Framework for simulation-based Trajectory Planning and Execution of Robots equipped with a Laser Scanner for Measurement and Inspection

Shorter product life cycles require ever faster planning processes for the manufacturing of products. This also applies for measuring processes to ensure compliance with geometric workpiece specifications. In addition, these processes must be designed to be increasingly flexible since mass customization steadily increases product variety. Laser scanning systems mounted on robots offer the possibility of measuring a wide variety of geometries with low measurement uncertainty. In this paper, a method is presented with which measurement trajectories can be planned and virtually validated. We thereby combine and extend existing trajectory planning approaches and explicitly integrate robot kinematics into the planning approach to account for feasibility of the planned trajectories. These can then be directly transferred to the available measurement system. This is enabled by a real time interface directly connecting a virtual environment for measurement simulation and the real measurement system

Norwegische 'Wehrmachtskinder': Psychosoziale Aspekte, Identitätsentwicklung und Stigmatisierung

Am 09. April 1940 überfielen deutsche Truppen Norwegen. Neun Monate später kamen die ersten 'Wehrmachtskinder' zur Welt. Im Laufe des Krieges wurden 72 Heime des 'Lebensborn' (ein von der SS getragener Verein zur Erhöhung der Geburtenrate 'arischer' Kinder) in Norwegen gegründet, so viele wie in keinem anderen durch das NS-Regime besetzten Land; darunter befand sich das erste außerhalb des damaligen Deutschen Reiches gelegene. In den Archiven des Lebensborn wurden knapp 8000 Kinder registriert. Schätzungen gehen davon aus, dass während der deutschen Okkupationszeit in Norwegen 10000 bis 12 000 Kinder geboren wurden, deren Väter den deutschen Truppen angehörten und deren Mütter norwegische Staatsbürgerinnen waren. Die 'Wehrmachtskinder' trugen ein doppeltes Stigma: Sie waren häufig unehelich geboren und waren durch die Beziehung mit dem Feind entstanden. Aus Zeitzeugnissen geht hervor, dass ihr soziales Umfeld sie diskriminierte und ausgrenzte; sie wurden verhöhnt und zum Teil körperlich und seelisch misshandelt. Auch von staatlicher Seite widerfuhren Ihnen unterschiedliche Repressalien. Die geistes- und sozialwissenschaftlichen Fächer haben die Umstände und Bedingungen der norwegischen 'Wehrmachtskinder' bereits Ende des letzten Jahrhunderts als Forschungsgegenstand aufgegriffen. Die psychosozialen Fächer haben dieses Thema jedoch erst kürzlich begonnen zu bearbeiten. Im Rahmen des hier vorgestellten Forschungsvorhabens werden erstmalig mittels eines umfangreichen Fragebogens die psychosozialen Konsequenzen des Aufwachsens als 'Wehrmachtskind' im Nachkriegsnorwegen erfasst. Das Projekt ist in eine bereits etablierte internationale und interdisziplinäre Forschungsstruktur zu den 'Kinder[n] des Krieges' eingebunden (www.childrenbornofwar.org), wobei an den Universitäten Leipzig und Greifswald die psychosoziale Belastung von Besatzungskindern in Deutschland parallel untersucht wird. Eine Besonderheit der norwegischen Situation sind die umfangreichen Aktivitäten des 'Lebensborn', der während des Krieges für viele Wehrmachtskinder und deren Mütter eine wichtige Rolle spielte.On 9 April 1940, German troops invaded Norway. Nine months later the first 'Wehrmacht children' were born. In the course of the war, 13 'Lebensborn' homes were established in Norway, more than in any other country occupied by the Nazis and including the first ever of these homes to be set up outside the former German Reich. (The Lebensborn was an SS-initiated association dedicated to raising the number of 'Aryan' births via extramarital relations between people living up to Nazi standards of health and racial purity). In the archives of the Lebensborn almost 8,000 children were registered. It is estimated that 10,000 to 12,000 children were born during the German occupation of Norway whose fathers belonged to the German troops and whose mothers were Norwegian nationals. 'Wehrmacht children' labored under a dual stigma. They were (often) born out of wedlock and they were the fruit of relations with the enemy. Socially they were discriminated and marginalized. They were ridiculed and, in many cases, physically and mentally abused. These children also suffered a variety of reprisals from the state. Initial investigations of the biographies and careers of the 'Wehrmacht children' in Norway date back to the end of the last century, most of them undertaken by scholars working in the humanities and the social sciences. Recently, the psychosocial sciences have also taken up this issue. The research project discussed here is the first to investigate the psychosocial consequences of growing up as a 'Wehrmacht child' in post-war Norway. The project is part of an established international and interdisciplinary research network named 'Children Born of War' (www.childrenbornofwar.org). The Universities of Leipzig and Greifswald have conducted a parallel study on occupation-born German children after WWII. A special feature of the Norwegian situation is the extensive activity of the 'Lebensborn', which played an important role for many 'Wehrmacht children' and their mothers during the war

The BrainScaleS-2 Neuromorphic Platform — A Report on the Integration and Operation of an Open Science Hardware Platform within EBRAINS

This report presents the challenges encountered and the solutions created for the operation of the BrainScaleS neuromorphic platform, and the overall progress leading to this state at the end of the Human Brain Project (HBP)