Research on the Characteristics of Silicon MOS‐Like Light‐ Emitting Structure by Utilizing the Technology of Field‐Induced Optical Radiation Mechanisms

As a well‐known core material, silicon is becoming one of the most promising materials of photonic integration field. The chapter provides the research of integrated silicon MOS‐like light‐emitting structure utilizing the technology of field‐induced optical radiation mechanisms. The silicon light‐emitting device (Si‐LED) plays an important role in realizing the on‐chip optical interconnects, but Si‐LED integrating on bulk silicon is facing many challenges due to the hybrid integration. In addition to be fully compatible with the standard complementary‐metal‐oxide‐semiconductor (CMOS) process technology, the Si‐LED also avoids the challenges that are mentioned above through integrating with bulk silicon substrate monolithically

Development Status and Business Solution of Ultra-high Pressure Food

Ultra-high pressure food processing technology refers to the technology of sterilizing food under thousands of atmospheric pressure without destroying the properties of food raw materials. Japan is a world leader in HPP technology. Significant achievements have been made in experimental equipment, production equipment, processing, sterilization and preservation of ultra-high pressure technology. Almost all natural, safe and healthy HPP food jams and fruit juices have been commercialized. Germany, the United States, France, the United Kingdom and other countries are also unwilling to fall behind, they are scrambling to carry out research on ultra-high voltage technology and have achieved industrialization results.China’s research on food ultra-high pressure technology started late. After nearly ten years of technical digestion and research, the research results have been achieved in stages, but there is still a large gap compared with developed countries. This article outlines the application of HPP technology in food processing, briefly analyzes the development of HPP food technology in China today, and establishes a cold chain supply chain model to identify problems and propose certain countermeasures, with a view to addressing HPP technology in food and chemicals industry

Topically applied liposome-in-hydrogels for systematically targeted tumor photothermal therapy

Transdermal drug delivery for local or systemic therapy provides a potential anticancer modality with a high patient compliance. However, the drug delivery efficiency across the skin is highly challenging due to the physiological barriers, which limit the desired therapeutic effects. In this study, we prepared liposome-in-hydrogels containing a tumor targeting photosensitizer IR780 (IR780/lipo/gels) for tumor photothermal therapy (PTT). The formulation effectively delivered IR780 to subcutaneous tumor and deep metastatic sites, while the hydrogels were applied on the skin overlying the tumor or on an area of distant normal skin. The photothermal antitumor activity of topically administered IR780/lipo/gels was evaluated following laser irradiation. We observed significant inhibition of the rate of the tumor growth without any toxicity associated with the topical administration of hydrogels. Collectively, the topical administration of IR780/lipo/gels represents a new noninvasive and safe strategy for targeted tumor PTT

Simulation and Analysis of Fluid-Solid Coupling of Wave Impact Sandcastle Based on COMSOL

It is a complex problem to study the interaction between sand castle and flowing water, which needs to consider the complexity of seawater flow and the stress of sand castle structure. The authors use the fluid-solid coupling model to establish the connection between the fluid field and the structural mechanical field, and use the finite element analysis to complete the simulation modeling of the transient process of wave impact and sandcastle foundation deformation. This paper analyzes the stress and the first principal strain of the sand castle foundation in the direction of flow velocity when the sand castle foundation is hit by waves, as a method to judge the strength of the sand castle.The best shape: the boundary value of sand castle collapse caused by strain have been determined, so as to obtain the maximum stress that a sand castle foundation can bear before collapse, which makes it possible to use the fatigue strength calculation theory of sand castle solid to carry out the quantitative calculation of sand castle durability. At the same time, the impact of waves is abstracted as wave motion equation. Finally, the finite element analysis technology is adopted to calculate the main strain of sandcastles of different shapes under the impact of the same wave, and through the comparison of the main strain, the authors get the sandcastle shape with the strongest anti-wave impact ability, which is the eccentric circular platform body.Affected by rain: the authors considered the effect of rainwater infiltration on the sandcastle's stress, and simplified the process of rain as a continuous and uniform infiltration of rain into the sandcastle's surface. The rain changes the gravity of the sand on the castle's surface. Simulation analysis is adopted to calculate the surface stress of sand castle with different degree of water seepage and different geometry. By comparison, it has been found that the smooth cone is more able to withstand the infiltration of rain without collapse.

Responses of community traits and soil characteristics of Achnatherum inebrians-type degraded grassland to grazing systems in alpine meadows on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

IntroductionScientific grazing management is of great significance for the ecological health and sustainable use of alpine meadows.MethodsTo explore appropriate management methods of alpine grasslands of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau degraded by Achnatherum inebrians (Hance) Keng ex Tzvele presence, we studied the effects of different grazing systems on the A. inebrians population, grassland vegetation community traits, soil characteristics and soil microbial community structure for cold- season grazing plus supplementary feeding pasture (CSF) and four-season open public pasture (FOP) in Tianzhu County, Gansu Province.ResultsCompared with FOP, the CSF site showed significantly inhibited reproduction of A. inebrians, especially the crown width, seed yield and number of reproductive branches per plant were as high as 50%, significantly increased the aboveground biomass of edible forage and soil water content by 57% and 43–55%, better soil nutrients, and significantly reduced soil bulk density by 10– 29%. Different grazing systems affected the composition and diversity of soil microbial communities, with a greater effect on fungi than on bacterial flora. The most abundant phyla of bacteria and fungi were Proteobacteria and Ascomycota for CSF (by 30–38% and 24–28%) and for FOP (by 67–70% and 68–73%), and the relative abundance and species of bacterial and fungal genera were greater for CSF than FOP. The α-diversity indexes of fungi were improved, and the β-diversity of fungi was significant difference between CSF and FOP. However, the grazing utilization time was prolonged in FOP, which reduced the diversity and abundance of soil bacteria and increased soil spatial heterogeneity. The use of A. inebrians-type degraded grassland in the cold season, and as a winter supplementary feeding and resting ground, could effectively inhibit expansion of A. inebrians, promote edible forage growth, enhance grassland productivity and community stability, and improve soil structure. DiscussionThe results guide healthy and sustainable utilization of A. inebrians-type degraded grassland in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

NIR molecule induced self-assembled nanoparticles for synergistic in vivo chemo-photothermal therapy of bladder cancer

Bladder cancer (BC) is one of the commonest malignancies in the urinary system. Bladder cancer is divided into non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) and muscle invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) according to the depth of invasion. Besides, the prognosis of MIBC remains poor. Surgical resection combined with radiotherapy or chemotherapy is the standard treatment for MIBC. However, the major obstacle that hinders successful chemotherapy is its lack of tumor targeting. Here, we fabricated nanoparticles that respond to near-infrared laser irradiation in order to increase the drug accumulation at the tumor sites and combine chemotherapy with photothermal therapy to overcome challenges of bladder cancer treatment. IR780 and Doxorubicin (DOX)were loaded into albumin nanoparticles (IR780-DOX@Albumin NPs). In the process of IR780-DOX@Albumin NPs synthesis, the near-infrared molecule IR780 was used as the assembly molecular bridge. Under irradiation, the nanoparticles were decomposed due to the degradation of IR780 while the release of DOX increased. Nanoparticles can be ingested by tumor cells in a short time. The IR780- DOX@Albumin NPs were sensitive to near-infrared laser irradiation. Near-infrared laser irradiation can promote the release of the drugs from the nanoparticles and induce a photothermal effect, thus destroying the tumor cells. Given the excellent tumor-targeting ability and negligible toxicity to normal tissue, IR780-DOX@Albumin NPs can greatly increase the concentration of chemotherapeutic drugs in tumor cells. This study combines photothermal therapy and chemotherapy to treat MIBC, so as to avoid chemotherapy resistance, reduce the toxicity to normal cells, and achieve the purpose of improving the treatment of MIBC

PMEPA1 isoform a drives progression of glioblastoma by promoting protein degradation of the Hippo pathway kinase LATS1

The Hippo signaling pathway controls organ development and is also known, in cancer, to have a tumor suppressing role. Within the Hippo pathway, we here demonstrate, in human gliomas, a functional interaction of a transmembrane protein, prostate transmembrane protein, androgen induced 1 (PMEPA1) with large tumor suppressor kinase 1 (LATS1). We show that PMEPA1 is upregulated in primary human gliomas. The PMEPA1 isoform PMEPA1a was predominantly expressed in glioma specimens and cell lines, and ectopic expression of the protein promoted glioma growth and invasion in vitro and in an orthotopic xenograft model in nude mice. In co-immunoprecipitation experiments, PMEPA1a associated with the Hippo tumor suppressor kinase LATS1. This interaction led to a proteasomal degradation of LATS1 through recruitment of the ubiquitin ligase, neural precursor cell expressed, developmentally downregulated 4 (NEDD4), which led to silencing of Hippo signaling. Alanine substitution in PMEPA1a at PY motifs resulted in failed LATS1 degradation. Targeting of a downstream component in the Hippo signaling pathway, YAP, with shRNA, interfered with the growth promoting activities of PMEPA1a in vitro and in vivo. In conclusion, the presented work shows that PMEPA1a contributes to glioma progression by a dysregulation of the Hippo signaling pathway and thus represents a promising target for the treatment of gliomas.publishedVersio