Cikorie er egnet men endnu for dyrt til svin

Tørret cikorierod kan reducere ornelugten hos hangrise og mindske generne ved parasitter, men dansk dyrket cikorie er i øjeblikket for dyrt for de økologiske svineproducenter. Det viser beregninger i forbindelse med dyrkningsforsøg

Comparative Phonetic-Acoustic Analysis Before and After Speech Therapy of Voices Suffering from Recurrens Paresis

No abstrac

Elymus athericus encroachment in Wadden Sea salt marshes is driven by surface elevation change

Questions What are the main drivers of vegetation succession and the encroachment of Elymus athericus (Link) Kerguélen in ungrazed Wadden Sea salt marshes? Is (a) elevation, a proxy for tidal inundation and thus abiotic conditions, limiting the expanse of Elymus. Does sedimentation increase the spread of Elymus by (b) leading to surface elevation change or does it (c) add nitrogen and thereby allows Elymus to grow in lower elevation? Location Salt marsh at Sönke‐Nissen‐Koog, Wadden Sea National Park Schleswig‐Holstein, Germany. Methods The experiment was established in 2007 in the high marsh and consisted of four blocks of 12 m × 8 m. The blocks differed in surface elevation change during the experiment. Each block was subdivided into 24 plots of 1 m × 1 m. The original elevation of all plots in relation to the German ordnance datum (NHN) was assessed at the start of the experiment. Plots within the blocks were randomly assigned to one of the three N fertilization treatments. Within each plot we planted five randomly chosen individuals of Elymus. After four years of treatment, the vegetation composition and cover were recorded in all plots and aboveground biomass was collected. Results Original elevation was found to be a main driver of succession favouring Elymus and other late‐successional plants. There was no effect of N fertilization, but a positive effect of surface elevation change on Elymus cover was detected. Conclusions We can conclude that the positive effect of surface elevation change on Elymus is based on the resulting higher elevation and more favourable abiotic conditions caused by sedimentation, but not by the addition of nitrogen with the freshly deposited sediment. This case, therefore, is an example for an ecosystem in which encroachment is driven by a natural factor, rather than anthropogenic eutrophication

A two layer model for wave dissipation in sea ice

Sea ice is highly complex due to the inhomogeneity of the physical properties (e.g. temperature and salinity) as well as the permeability and mixture of water and a matrix of sea ice and/or sea ice crystals. Such complexity has proven itself to be difficult to parameterize in operational wave models. Instead, we assume that there exists a self-similarity scaling law which captures the first order properties. Using dimensional analysis, an equation for the kinematic viscosity is derived which is proportional to the wave frequency and the ice thickness squared. In addition, the model allows for a two-layer structure where the oscillating pressure gradient due to wave propagation only exists in a fraction of the total ice thickness. These two assumptions lead to a spatial dissipation rate that is a function of ice thickness and wavenumber. The derived dissipation rate compares favourably with available field and laboratory observations.Comment: Accepted to special issue on wave-ice interaction in Applied Ocean Research. 15 pages, 7 figure

Ionically-Driven Synthesis and Exchange Bias in Mn4_{4}N/MnNx_{x} Heterostructures

Ferrimagnets have received renewed attention as a promising platform for spintronic applications. Of particular interest is the Mn4N from the ${\epsilon}$-phase of the manganese nitride as an emergent rare-earth-free spintronic material due to its perpendicular magnetic anisotropy, small saturation magnetization, high thermal stability, and large domain wall velocity. We have achieved high-quality (001)-ordered Mn$_{4}$N thin film by sputtering Mn onto ${\eta}$-phase Mn$_{3}$N$_{2}$ seed layers on Si substrates. As the deposited Mn thickness varies, nitrogen ion migration across the Mn$_{3}$N$_{2}$/Mn layers leads to a continuous evolution of the layers to Mn$_{3}$N$_{2}$/Mn$_{2}$N/Mn$_{4}$N, Mn$_{2}$N/Mn$_{4}$N, and eventually Mn$_{4}$N alone. The ferrimagnetic Mn$_{4}$N indeed exhibits perpendicular magnetic anisotropy, and forms via a nucleation-and-growth mechanism. The nitrogen ion migration is also manifested in a significant exchange bias, up to 0.3 T at 5 K, due to the interactions between ferrimagnetic Mn$_{4}$N and antiferromagnetic Mn$_{3}$N$_{2}$ and Mn$_{2}$N. These results demonstrate a promising all-nitride magneto-ionic platform with remarkable tunability for device applications.Comment: 21 pages, 5 figures, 7 pages of supplementary material with 5 figure