Forebrain-independent generation of hyperthermic convulsions in infant rats

Febrile seizures are the most common type of convulsive events in children. It is generally assumed that the generalization of these seizures is a result of brainstem invasion by the initial limbic seizure activity. Using precollicular transection in 13-day-old rats to isolate the forebrain from the brainstem, we demonstrate that the forebrain is not required for generation of tonic-clonic convulsions induced by hyperthermia or kainate. Compared with sham-operated littermate controls, latency to onset of convulsions in both models was significantly shorter in pups that had undergone precollicular transection, indicating suppression of the brainstem seizure network by the forebrain in the intact animal. We have shown previously that febrile seizures are precipitated by hyperthermia-induced respiratory alkalosis. Here, we show that triggering of hyperthermia-induced hyperventilation and consequent convulsions in transected animals are blocked by diazepam. The present data suggest that the role of endogenous brainstem activity in triggering tonic-clonic seizures should be re-evaluated in standard experimental models of limbic seizures. Our work sheds new light on the mechanisms that generate febrile seizures in children and, therefore, on how they might be treated.Peer reviewe

Nature of Spin Excitations in Two-dimensional Mott Insulators: Undoped Cuprates and Other Materials

We investigate the excitation spectrum of a two-dimensional resonating valence bond (RVB) state. Treating the $pi$-flux phase with antiferromagnetic correlations as a variational ground state, we recover the long wavelength magnon as an "RVB exciton". However, we find that this excitation does NOT exhaust the entire spectral weight and the high energy spectrum is dominated by fermionic excitations. The latter can be observed directly by inelastic neutron scattering and we predict their characteristic energy scales along different high symmetry directions in the magnetic Brillouin zone. We also interpret experimental results on two magnon Raman scattering and mid-infrared absorption within this scenario.Comment: Minor corrections in the text and references to match the form as appeared in Phys. Rev. Lett. 86, 1626 (2001

Alleviating Environmental Health Disparities Through Community Science and Data Integration

Environmental contamination is a fundamental determinant of health and well-being, and when the environment is compromised, vulnerabilities are generated. The complex challenges associated with environmental health and food security are influenced by current and emerging political, social, economic, and environmental contexts. To solve these “wicked” dilemmas, disparate public health surveillance efforts are conducted by local, state, and federal agencies. More recently, citizen/community science (CS) monitoring efforts are providing site-specific data. One of the biggest challenges in using these government datasets, let alone incorporating CS data, for a holistic assessment of environmental exposure is data management and interoperability. To facilitate a more holistic perspective and approach to solution generation, we have developed a method to provide a common data model that will allow environmental health researchers working at different scales and research domains to exchange data and ask new questions. We anticipate that this method will help to address environmental health disparities, which are unjust and avoidable, while ensuring CS datasets are ethically integrated to achieve environmental justice. Specifically, we used a transdisciplinary research framework to develop a methodology to integrate CS data with existing governmental environmental monitoring and social attribute data (vulnerability and resilience variables) that span across 10 different federal and state agencies. A key challenge in integrating such different datasets is the lack of widely adopted ontologies for vulnerability and resiliency factors. In addition to following the best practice of submitting new term requests to existing ontologies to fill gaps, we have also created an application ontology, the Superfund Research Project Data Interface Ontology (SRPDIO)

Epithelial endoplasmic reticulum stress orchestrates a protective IgA response.

Immunoglobulin A (IgA) is the major secretory immunoglobulin isotype found at mucosal surfaces, where it regulates microbial commensalism and excludes luminal factors from contacting intestinal epithelial cells (IECs). IgA is induced by both T cell-dependent and -independent (TI) pathways. However, little is known about TI regulation. We report that IEC endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress induces a polyreactive IgA response, which is protective against enteric inflammation. IEC ER stress causes TI and microbiota-independent expansion and activation of peritoneal B1b cells, which culminates in increased lamina propria and luminal IgA. Increased numbers of IgA-producing plasma cells were observed in healthy humans with defective autophagy, who are known to exhibit IEC ER stress. Upon ER stress, IECs communicate signals to the peritoneum that induce a barrier-protective TI IgA response.Wellcome Trust Senior Investigator Award 106260/Z/14/Z HORIZON2020/European Research Council Consolidator Grant 64888

Effect of aliskiren on post-discharge outcomes among diabetic and non-diabetic patients hospitalized for heart failure: insights from the ASTRONAUT trial

Aims The objective of the Aliskiren Trial on Acute Heart Failure Outcomes (ASTRONAUT) was to determine whether aliskiren, a direct renin inhibitor, would improve post-discharge outcomes in patients with hospitalization for heart failure (HHF) with reduced ejection fraction. Pre-specified subgroup analyses suggested potential heterogeneity in post-discharge outcomes with aliskiren in patients with and without baseline diabetes mellitus (DM). Methods and results ASTRONAUT included 953 patients without DM (aliskiren 489; placebo 464) and 662 patients with DM (aliskiren 319; placebo 343) (as reported by study investigators). Study endpoints included the first occurrence of cardiovascular death or HHF within 6 and 12 months, all-cause death within 6 and 12 months, and change from baseline in N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) at 1, 6, and 12 months. Data regarding risk of hyperkalaemia, renal impairment, and hypotension, and changes in additional serum biomarkers were collected. The effect of aliskiren on cardiovascular death or HHF within 6 months (primary endpoint) did not significantly differ by baseline DM status (P = 0.08 for interaction), but reached statistical significance at 12 months (non-DM: HR: 0.80, 95% CI: 0.64-0.99; DM: HR: 1.16, 95% CI: 0.91-1.47; P = 0.03 for interaction). Risk of 12-month all-cause death with aliskiren significantly differed by the presence of baseline DM (non-DM: HR: 0.69, 95% CI: 0.50-0.94; DM: HR: 1.64, 95% CI: 1.15-2.33; P < 0.01 for interaction). Among non-diabetics, aliskiren significantly reduced NT-proBNP through 6 months and plasma troponin I and aldosterone through 12 months, as compared to placebo. Among diabetic patients, aliskiren reduced plasma troponin I and aldosterone relative to placebo through 1 month only. There was a trend towards differing risk of post-baseline potassium ≥6 mmol/L with aliskiren by underlying DM status (non-DM: HR: 1.17, 95% CI: 0.71-1.93; DM: HR: 2.39, 95% CI: 1.30-4.42; P = 0.07 for interaction). Conclusion This pre-specified subgroup analysis from the ASTRONAUT trial generates the hypothesis that the addition of aliskiren to standard HHF therapy in non-diabetic patients is generally well-tolerated and improves post-discharge outcomes and biomarker profiles. In contrast, diabetic patients receiving aliskiren appear to have worse post-discharge outcomes. Future prospective investigations are needed to confirm potential benefits of renin inhibition in a large cohort of HHF patients without D

The Changing Landscape for Stroke\ua0Prevention in AF: Findings From the GLORIA-AF Registry Phase 2

Background GLORIA-AF (Global Registry on Long-Term Oral Antithrombotic Treatment in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation) is a prospective, global registry program describing antithrombotic treatment patterns in patients with newly diagnosed nonvalvular atrial fibrillation at risk of stroke. Phase 2 began when dabigatran, the first non\u2013vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulant (NOAC), became available. Objectives This study sought to describe phase 2 baseline data and compare these with the pre-NOAC era collected during phase&nbsp;1. Methods During phase 2, 15,641 consenting patients were enrolled (November 2011 to December 2014); 15,092 were eligible. This pre-specified cross-sectional analysis describes eligible patients\u2019 baseline characteristics. Atrial fibrillation&nbsp;disease characteristics, medical outcomes, and concomitant diseases and medications were collected. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results Of the total patients, 45.5% were female; median age was 71 (interquartile range: 64, 78) years. Patients were from Europe (47.1%), North America (22.5%), Asia (20.3%), Latin America (6.0%), and the Middle East/Africa (4.0%). Most had high stroke risk (CHA2DS2-VASc [Congestive heart failure, Hypertension, Age&nbsp; 6575 years, Diabetes mellitus, previous Stroke, Vascular disease, Age 65 to 74 years, Sex category] score&nbsp; 652; 86.1%); 13.9% had moderate risk (CHA2DS2-VASc&nbsp;= 1). Overall, 79.9% received oral anticoagulants, of whom 47.6% received NOAC and 32.3% vitamin K antagonists (VKA); 12.1% received antiplatelet agents; 7.8% received no antithrombotic treatment. For comparison, the proportion of phase 1 patients (of N&nbsp;= 1,063 all eligible) prescribed VKA was 32.8%, acetylsalicylic acid 41.7%, and no therapy 20.2%. In Europe in phase 2, treatment with NOAC was more common than VKA (52.3% and 37.8%, respectively); 6.0% of patients received antiplatelet treatment; and 3.8% received no antithrombotic treatment. In North America, 52.1%, 26.2%, and 14.0% of patients received NOAC, VKA, and antiplatelet drugs, respectively; 7.5% received no antithrombotic treatment. NOAC use was less common in Asia (27.7%), where 27.5% of patients received VKA, 25.0% antiplatelet drugs, and 19.8% no antithrombotic treatment. Conclusions The baseline data from GLORIA-AF phase 2 demonstrate that in newly diagnosed nonvalvular atrial fibrillation patients, NOAC have been highly adopted into practice, becoming more frequently prescribed than VKA in&nbsp;Europe and North America. Worldwide, however, a large proportion of patients remain undertreated, particularly in&nbsp;Asia&nbsp;and North America. (Global Registry on Long-Term Oral Antithrombotic Treatment in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation [GLORIA-AF]; NCT01468701

Ontology-Enriched Cyberinfrastructure in Support of FAIR Marine Metagenomics: What More Can We Learn from Our Data?

Ever-increasing quantities of sequencing data have enabled novel insights into the structure, dynamics, and function of microbial communities in the oceans; however, data management efforts are outpaced by the volumes of new data generated. Life-science ontologies representing information about genes, species taxonomy, and environmental parameters hold the promise of improving the digital data ecosystem by making these high-value datasets Findable, Accessible, Reusable, and Interoperable (FAIR). However, efforts using these ontologies to harmonize, integrate, and analyze marine metagenomic data have been limited thus far. In this dissertation, we present three studies demonstrating the relevance of using life-science ontologies to get more out of existing metagenomic datasets by using ontologies to harmonize, integrate, and analyze state-of-the-art marine metagenomic data.In the first study, we present Planet Microbe a cyberinfrastructure system for marine microbiome and physiochemical datasets. This novel web-based platform re-integrates multi- component marine microbiome datasets published in various data repositories into a single harmonized and manually curated resource. Planet Microbe enables the discovery of sequencing data and its accompanying environmental and physiochemical context based on terminology from life- science ontologies. Additionally, Planet Microbe addresses the challenges of creating a cyberinfrastructure platform enabling the open sharing and discovery of historical and ongoing oceanographic marine metagenomic sequencing efforts. The second study created a technical specification by which Planet Microbe's multifaceted marine metagenomic data could be encapsulated within a machine-readable framework to comprehensively represent the physicochemical data accompanying sequencing data using life- science ontologies. The new technical specification leverages Frictionless Data Packages and ontologies from the Open Biological and Biomedical Ontology Foundry. In the study, we used the new specification to harmonize the Planet Microbe datasets. We demonstrated its capability to produce results that can be used in the meta-analysis, which recapitulates known marine ecological relationships and distributions. In the third study, we integrated the ontology-harmonized environmental and physicochemical data from the Planet Microbe web portal along with functional and taxonomic results computed from those datasets into a novel semantic web microservice. This web service enables the use of terminology from ontologies to discover and analyze subsets of data relevant to specific biological questions, which can be posed to the system as natural language questions. In the paper, we evaluate the system and use it to ask and answer various new questions about the community structure and function of microbes from multiple marine and aquatic environments. Together these studies provide a series of complementary resources for using ontologies and related informatics technologies to bring together marine metagenomic and contextual data, harmonize them via comprehensively machine-readable ontology annotations, and analyze them with the rich knowledge-based represented within the state-of-the-art life-science ontologies such as the Gene Ontology. This work represents a future direction in marine metagenomic research where data made FAIR using the Planet Microbe cyberinfrastructure system can be discovered and re-used to answer different questions than originally intended

EnvironmentOntology/envo: Polar express

About this release This release features a large collection of classes representing polar and cryosphere-related environments and environmental processes, primarily prepared by @kaiiam. These semantics are in aid of efforts such as the Alfred Wegener Institute's Frontiers in Arctic Marine Monitoring programme. Knowledge was harvested from numerous resources - such as the review by Boetius et al. (2015, Nat Rev Microbiol 13: 677–690) - which are cross referenced in each class. Efforts to align with existing resources have been initiated, e.g.: https://github.com/ESIPFed/sweet/issues/7 Past and ongoing work related to this project is organised in project cryophile. This work has also motivated the general development of the environmental process hierarchy. A number of other requests, such as that for fissures (see #466) are also bundled in this release. As usual, the hyperlinks to the terms will be live once OntoBee runs its import cycle over the weekend; however, the PURLs are valid immediately. To better axiomatise the new classes and enhance existing ones, we have also imported numerous classes from other OBO projects, detailed below. New Terms aeolian transport of snow aeolian transport process atmosphere and water column exposed melt pond atmosphere-exposed melt pond blue ice brine channel formation process brine channel brine rejection from seawater calving of ice from an iceberg channel cirque glacier cold season compaction process continental subsurface zone cryoconite hole cryoconite cryoform depositional process englacial stream erosionally enriched glacial ice erosionally enriched ice explosion process first year ice formation process first year ice fissure water frazil ice formation frazil ice gas emission process geographic basin glacial erosion process glacial ice calving process glacial ice gain glacial ice loss glacial ice glacial sintering glacial transport process grease ice layer hydrocarbon gas emission process ice ablation zone ice floe ice formation process ice gain iceberg calving process ice-encased melt pond intraglacial lake marine sediment material accumulation process material decumulation process material transformation process material transport process melt pond methane gas emission process methane-laden permafrost methane-releasing thermokarst lake methane-sourced permafrost crater multiyear ice formation process multiyear ice new ice formation process new ice nilas formation process nilas nivation pancake ice perennial snow patch permafrost methane explosion permafrost thawing process planetary subsurface zone powdery snow avalanche powdery snow sea ice floe sea ice formation process sea ice formation process season generating process season seasonal melting process seasonal snow patch second year ice formation second year ice sedimentation in a water body shallow marine sediment shuga formation process shuga slab avalanche slab snow slush formation process slush ice layer slush ice snow drift formation snow drift snow mass snow patch snowpack solid-phase sintering soot subglacial lake supraglacial lake thaw hole thermokarst depression thermokarst lake thermokarst warm season water column exposed melt pond wet snow avalanche young ice formation process young ice New imported classes PURL label http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/IAO_0000104 plan specification http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/IAO_0000109 measurement datum http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/IAO_0000100 data set http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/IAO_0000584 time sampled measurement data set http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/IAO_0000582 time stamped measurement datum http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/IAO_0000032 scalar measurement datum http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/IAO_0000136 is about http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/IAO_0000221 is quality measurement of http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0002404 causally downstream of http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0002411 causally upstream of http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_63248 oxidant http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PATO_0000318 blue http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PATO_0001855 horizontal http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PATO_0000411 circular http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PATO_0000964 transparent http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PATO_0001354 translucent http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PATO_0000963 opaque http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PATO_0001171 elastic http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PATO_0001172 inelastic http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PATO_0000689 continuous (of a process) http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PATO_0005011 continuous (of a material entity) http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PATO_0001688 increased elevation http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PATO_0001689 decreased elevation http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PATO_0000591 increased thickness http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PATO_0000592 decreased thickness http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PATO_0001781 irregular thickness Commit log commit cb7178e00f41b15b9038b0d8a55ae2118d497426 Author: pbuttigieg Date: Sat Apr 15 11:06:00 2017 +0200 closes #466, added IAO imports commit 886dfbc7e062caafcb4637225752b1992d398b6b Merge: b445dd5 3dbcd1e Author: Pier Luigi Buttigieg Date: Fri Apr 14 11:03:51 2017 +0200 Merge pull request #487 from kaiiam/master This merge adds a healthy dose of classes and relations for project cryophile - covering environments and their processes in polar systems commit 3dbcd1e0e189162f2fe8be62021c8fa147ac6260 Merge: fe2966e b445dd5 Author: Kai Date: Thu Apr 13 11:28:07 2017 +0200 Merge remote-tracking branch 'upstream/master' Merged IAO imports and makefile changes from Pier. commit b445dd57954a1d55741ee813181ff25bb12a146d Author: pbuttigieg Date: Wed Apr 12 18:55:24 2017 +0200 added IAO import and edited Makefile accordingly commit fe2966e834151540bf9270a023b6047baf616ccb Author: Kai Date: Tue Apr 11 17:23:52 2017 +0200 Added in_subset envoPolar for polar related classes, removed cirque basin as duplicate concept predating it cirque existed, and move the valley hierarchy under geographic depression. #487 commit 3e8f57bb30d6db8c4de4e7d4a468099096b33624 Author: Kai Date: Tue Apr 11 11:58:40 2017 +0200 Fixed bug in cryoconite hole axiomatization, changed causally downstream of some aeolian transport process to formed as result of some aeolian transport process. commit dc8b426a52546b4fc9be70381be87d4733516880 Merge: 1d9e254 bbba184 Author: Kai Date: Tue Apr 11 11:32:47 2017 +0200 Merge remote-tracking branch 'upstream/master' Imported causal relations from RO. commit 1d9e25490eb8aa7eb91f17154389001b9bcdd2e0 Author: Kai Date: Tue Apr 11 11:31:35 2017 +0200 Began adding Pier's orcid to the project cryophile classes created. Addressed the melt pond #489, and thaw hole hierarchies, creating the upper level class channel and moving tunnel under it. Also made issue requesting for a class such as PATO:microbial community #499. commit bbba1845e1fdde1486b03bc11f29def6c2ca3a87 Merge: 5359e45 73dccf6 Author: pbuttigieg Date: Mon Apr 10 20:58:20 2017 +0200 Merge branch 'master' of https://github.com/EnvironmentOntology/envo syncing web-edited files with local push on imports commit 5359e45770941b41d65fc6e1e1d4e97ba856b7c5 Author: pbuttigieg Date: Mon Apr 10 20:57:59 2017 +0200 added causal relations to RO import commit 1cdcf0fa99aaed10dfb9bca034cd913843966a7b Author: Kai Date: Mon Apr 10 12:28:11 2017 +0200 Added final classes for project cryophile pull request 3 snowpack, perennial snow patch, move the precipitation process hierarchy to be subclass of material transport process, see https://github.com/EnvironmentOntology/envo/pull/487#issuecomment-292571243 commit d81e45445e12742d6e245c75bfa86ef792013e9b Author: Kai Date: Sun Apr 9 01:21:30 2017 +0200 Added and modified more polar related terms, season generating process associated terms as well as snow melt and snow drift associated terms see latter half of https://github.com/EnvironmentOntology/envo/pull/487#issuecomment-292571243 starting with season generating process and ending with snow patch. commit c85ef18e5a2160d4748cd1d7eb7a4abb7d5b03a7 Author: Kai Date: Fri Apr 7 19:20:53 2017 +0200 Modified and added classes polar and gas emission processes see https://github.com/EnvironmentOntology/envo/pull/487#issuecomment-292526931 commit fcbd366cd52e212a3fe95739e3769da585bb1f75 Merge: cf41b5a 73dccf6 Author: Kai Date: Fri Apr 7 10:42:17 2017 +0200 Merge remote-tracking branch 'upstream/master' commit cf41b5a0d1c6de78207d3b1721b557cdc975f6fe Author: Kai Date: Fri Apr 7 10:40:41 2017 +0200 Added ice formation process and ice type related classes see https://github.com/EnvironmentOntology/envo/pull/487#discussion_r110089957 commit 73dccf6dba1d8e48291f5e192359dd6e0ac25b58 Author: Pier Luigi Buttigieg Date: Thu Apr 6 18:17:01 2017 +0200 Resort and give ranges to new patterns in #492 commit 31ca0c713ec8f2dc2df70ce563a2141e5c4eb08d Author: pbuttigieg Date: Thu Apr 6 18:01:43 2017 +0200 added oxidant for #487 commit 9cdfcb158d1fb30fd5b22a9e69d365482819404c Merge: 43557c3 9fa5ec8 Author: Kai Date: Thu Apr 6 14:48:40 2017 +0200 Merge remote-tracking branch 'upstream/master' importing pato terms from upstream commit 9fa5ec862da9bc672ba62faa418a060d8357fa50 Author: pbuttigieg Date: Thu Apr 6 14:45:24 2017 +0200 imported PATO classes for #486 #487 #488 commit 43557c3a736eda95f7d8481e4689adb39bbfc091 Author: Kai Date: Thu Apr 6 10:43:37 2017 +0200 Added ice formation and ice flow related classes see https://github.com/EnvironmentOntology/envo/pull/487#discussion_r110089957 commit 47b20923876a11779c42d32f64f8f74135f5a379 Author: Kai Date: Thu Apr 6 08:45:18 2017 +0200 Added and updated meltpond related classes see https://github.com/EnvironmentOntology/envo/pull/487#discussion_r109682927 discussion which was somehow clipped of from #487 commit e3e88c1d9c8b3833f697fa28882fcfcd91bb0429 Author: Kai Date: Thu Apr 6 08:13:04 2017 +0200 minor edits for #487 commit b0c253e40b37a5c203a8505b7663b01ab638ddc1 Author: Kai Date: Wed Apr 5 13:28:47 2017 +0200 modified sediment and arctic related classes as doccumented in #483 and #487 commit f144d1c1393ae3c8cdb2983a0a994bd02371ed06 Author: Kai Date: Fri Mar 31 19:29:51 2017 +0200 added more arctic classes see discussion in #483 commit b94e86b413f6e11d662356102d433aa8f15fb8a5 Merge: b280935 43150a7 Author: Pier Luigi Buttigieg Date: Thu Mar 30 18:33:42 2017 +0200 Merge pull request #481 from kaiiam/master This PR has been reviewed and is ready for merging. There will still be edits that will follow, but in a new PR from @kaiiam. commit 43150a7cd193fabc464e3ec86b5053946acf5c73 Author: Kai Date: Thu Mar 30 18:14:08 2017 +0200 final edits for #481 commit 17f65c62aad086330feeb5305a1802f1bdf5e78e Author: Kai Date: Thu Mar 30 18:01:54 2017 +0200 added additional axioms to #481 commit 8374d49ac47d3910e193b7be75fb3dc45f255516 Author: Kai Date: Thu Mar 30 17:09:22 2017 +0200 fixed axioms breaking build in #481 commit 855136b02cbb21c8f61a7a7233d7433ac6e47109 Author: Kai Date: Thu Mar 30 16:36:05 2017 +0200 added axioms for classes added in #481 and added powdery snow commit cf835a3d6ed1444a8e9e55132bbfd83f986ac28e Author: Kai Date: Thu Mar 30 13:07:36 2017 +0200 fixed issues related to build failure for #481 commit 749ce2a4db8314f1af87dcf553fd89825148d5a5 Author: Kai Date: Wed Mar 29 18:22:55 2017 +0200 fixed issues for project cryophile 2nd pull request #481 commit b280935eab396e12a795c1c0b6072625080787e5 Author: Pier Luigi Buttigieg Date: Wed Mar 29 17:54:13 2017 +0200 Fixed subset wiki link commit 55c5fff62194f303c5d923f09019d1ce98dcc56e Author: Kai Date: Tue Mar 28 20:15:19 2017 +0200 addressing #475 added: aeolian transport process, & soot commit 14099a98718f847517065635df84affdbb94baf1 Author: Kai Date: Tue Mar 28 19:07:06 2017 +0200 addressing #474 & #475 added: blue ice, compaction process, material accumulation process, material transport process, ice gain, glacial transport process, updated alpine glacier, added: cirque glaciers, cirque basin, glacial erosion process, geographic basin, glacial ice loss, material decumulation process, glacial ice loss, and englacial stream. commit 299650d5ff6521a67d4a646548997ebe5d5fea0e Author: Kai Date: Tue Mar 28 15:26:41 2017 +0200 revamped definition for glacier, added glacial ice as subclass of ice mass, erosionally enriched glacial ice, & glacial erosion process. commit 135a712c1c793c860507e06c36aab52624645169 Author: Kai Date: Tue Mar 28 12:46:25 2017 +0200 added niviation commit b8b6c594bcc96f01361c63191ae83c7f97b51d79 Author: Kai Date: Tue Mar 28 11:45:42 2017 +0200 updated definitions for neve and fir

Ontology-Enriched Specifications Enabling Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, and Reusable Marine Metagenomic Datasets in Cyberinfrastructure Systems.

Marine microbial ecology requires the systematic comparison of biogeochemical and sequence data to analyze environmental influences on the distribution and variability of microbial communities. With ever-increasing quantities of metagenomic data, there is a growing need to make datasets Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, and Reusable (FAIR) across diverse ecosystems. FAIR data is essential to developing analytical frameworks that integrate microbiological, genomic, ecological, oceanographic, and computational methods. Although community standards defining the minimal metadata required to accompany sequence data exist, they havent been consistently used across projects, precluding interoperability. Moreover, these data are not machine-actionable or discoverable by cyberinfrastructure systems. By making omic and physicochemical datasets FAIR to machine systems, we can enable sequence data discovery and reuse based on machine-readable descriptions of environments or physicochemical gradients. In this work, we developed a novel technical specification for dataset encapsulation for the FAIR reuse of marine metagenomic and physicochemical datasets within cyberinfrastructure systems. This includes using Frictionless Data Packages enriched with terminology from environmental and life-science ontologies to annotate measured variables, their units, and the measurement devices used. This approach was implemented in Planet Microbe, a cyberinfrastructure platform and marine metagenomic web-portal. Here, we discuss the data properties built into the specification to make global ocean datasets FAIR within the Planet Microbe portal. We additionally discuss the selection of, and contributions to marine-science ontologies used within the specification. Finally, we use the system to discover data by which to answer various biological questions about environments, physicochemical gradients, and microbial communities in meta-analyses. This work represents a future direction in marine metagenomic research by proposing a specification for FAIR dataset encapsulation that, if adopted within cyberinfrastructure systems, would automate the discovery, exchange, and re-use of data needed to answer broader reaching questions than originally intended

EnvironmentOntology/envo: Protected planet

Eponyms for this release IUCN protected landscape/seascape IUCN strict nature reserve IUCN protected area with sustainable use of natural resources Description This backdated release captures progress across several development threads. Major themes include: The expression of IUCN protected area classification for use in SDGIO and other resources handling socio-ecological protection Expression of more CMECs classes to enhance marine semantics Addition of terms to support GFBio data brokerage to PANGAEA and ENA/EBI Further development of environmental zone semantics, with waste disposal use cases Further refinement of process hierarchies for generalisabilityF Extension of atmospheric semantics across cloud and aerosol formation processes Initialisation of dust patterns linked to natural and anthropogenic sources Exploration of radiation semantics (processes, dispositions, material entities) Import of FOODON classes required by the envoMEO subse now linked to the MEO vocabulary in MicrobeDB.jp A large number of terms from other ontologies were imported to allow denser axiomatisation. However, many of these are likely to be pruned back in subsequent releases to improve stability. As shown in the commit log, we have also trimmed away imports which 1) are not heavily woven in to ENVO semantics and 2) are causing errors due to autophagic imports of stale ontologies. New Terms acidic soil acidic volcanic ash active ecosystem management process advective transport process aerosol formation event aerosol formation process agricultural process agronomic process algal material alluvial deposit alluvial sediment alluvium alpine tundra ecosystem aluminium dust anchor ice animal aquaculture process animal husbandry anthropised terrestrial environmental zone aquatic estuarine layer aquatic natural environment arable land arable or pasturable land arable area designated for human defecation area designated for waste storage area of developed space area of low atmospheric pressure area protected according to IUCN guidelines asphalt road atmospheric aerosol formation event atmospheric secondary aerosol formation process atmospheric wind direction atmospheric wind speed atmospheric zone barium dust Bondon cheese environment brackish water body brown sea ice brush fire bush area bush fire canopy cirrus cloud climate system cnidarian-associated environment coastal shrimp pond commercial building concrete road conservation-focused active ecosystem management process constructed pavement convective storm cosmic ray shielding disposition crater zone crop canopy cropland ecosystem crustacean farming process cyclone defence against flooding desert diurnal marine tidal flow process diurnal marine tidal flow zone driveway ecosystem decay ecosystem fragment ecosystem fragmentation process environment associated with an aquatic invertebrate environmental zone of processual equilibrium erosion estuarine coastal lower water column estuarine coastal pycnocline estuarine coastal surface layer estuarine coastal upper water column estuarine open water lower water column estuarine open water pycnocline estuarine open water surface layer estuarine open water upper water column estuarine tidal riverine coastal lower water column estuarine tidal riverine coastal pycnocline estuarine tidal riverine coastal surface layer estuarine tidal riverine coastal upper water column estuarine tidal riverine open water lower water column estuarine tidal riverine open water pycnocline estuarine tidal riverine open water surface layer estuarine tidal riverine open water upper water column extra-tropical cyclone finfish farming process floating ice mass forest canopy forest ecosystem fresh water body freshwater macrophyte farming process freshwater seep riverine anchor ice gamma-ray stellar radiation geodiversity glacial equlibrium line glacial ice accumulation zone grassland ecosystem habitat fragmentation process Hill sphere holothurian digestive tract contents holothurian digestive tract humic kerogen hydroclimate ice accumulation zone ice decumulation zone impermeable surface layer induced magnetosphere industrial fire infrared stellar radiation intrinsic magnetosphere ionising stellar radiation IUCN habitat/species management area IUCN natural monument or feature IUCN protected area with sustainable use of natural resources IUCN protected landscape/seascape IUCN strict nature reserve IUCN wilderness area kaolin dust kerogen labile kerogen Lagrangian point land fire liquid air-water interface layer liquid layer liquid surface layer lithification lumber production process magnetosphere marine environmental zone marine tidal flow process marine tidal flow zone marine tidal flow material accumulation zone material decumulation zone material isosurface microwave stellar radiation mollusc farming process newCloud newCloud nitrogen cycling office building office Paramo pasturable land pasture fire paved parking lot phosphorous cycling planktonic kerogen plant aquaculture process primary aerosol formation process radiation shielding disposition radio wave stellar radiation ranch recalcitrant kerogen residual kerogen rhizoplane riverine anchor ice rural stormwater sacred site saline shrimp pond water saline water body sapropelic kerogen seaweed farming process secondary aerosol formation process sediment surface semi-diurnal marine tidal flow process semi-diurnal marine tidal flow zone sidewalk silica dust slate dust solid layer solid surface layer stellar radiation stormwater sulfrous kerogen sulfur cycling swamp area talc dust tended pasturable land terrestrial environmental zone terrestrial natural environment thermal pollution of an aquatic system thermal pollution tidal flow process tidal mangrove shrubland transport of child feces to a designated site transport of household waste to a designated storage site transport of waste to a designated storage site tropical marginal sea biome tropical storm tundra ecosystem ultraviolet stellar radiation urban stormwater visible spectrum stellar radiation vog volcanic crater glacier volcanic crater zone volume of hydrological precipitation warm core cyclone waste disposal process water accumulation process water ice layer water surface water-based planetary surface wetland ecosystem woodland canopy woodland ecosystem x-ray stellar radiation New imported classes PURL label http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/AGRO_00000002 tillage process http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_140503 kaolin http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_9171 skatole http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_58454 kynurenate http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_53388 poly(hydroxybutyrate) http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_47032 1,4-dioxane http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_39285 chloropicrin http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_35404 chromate http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33666 polycyclic hydrocarbon http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_30762 salicylate http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_29125 arsenate http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_27798 nitrobenzene http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_27856 acetamide http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_27563 arsenic http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_27338 xylene http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_26986 threonine http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_26490 quinate http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_18139 trimethylamine http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_17347 testosterone http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16482 naphthalene http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16454 pantothenate http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16236 ethanol http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16199 urea http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_15611 sarcosine http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_37133 barium molecular entity http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_37134 elemental barium http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_72813 exopolysaccharide http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16336 hyaluronic acid http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_62968 crystalline cellulose http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16261 chitosan http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_17548 alginic acid http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_62967 amorphous cellulose http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_17029 chitin http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_8006 Peptidoglycan http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_46684 actinolite asbestos http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_46678 amosite asbestos http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_46682 anthophyllite asbestos http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_46666 crocidolite asbestos http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_46676 tremolite asbestos http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_46664 chrysotile http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_46661) asbestos http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_32178 talc http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_32594 barium http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_30212 photon http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_30222 neutron http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_24636 proton http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_30216 alpha-particle http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36352 neutrino http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_10545 electron http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_30225 positron http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_24870 ion http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_26130 pigment http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_46662 mineral http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_82661 diatomaceous earth http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_50816 iron oxide http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_30187 aluminium oxide http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_49936 uranium(0) http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_30050 gold(0) http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_82664 iron(0) http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33400 platinum(0) http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_30052 copper(0) http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_35170 vanadium(0) http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_27889 lead(0) http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_49976 zinc dichloride http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_63248 oxidant http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_3311 calcium carbonate http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_80043 Nodularin http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_2706 Anatoxin a http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_48041 microcystin http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_27780 detergent http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_27594 carbon http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33415 elemental carbon http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_86471 pyrite http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_18422 sulfur dioxide http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16136 hydrogen sulfide http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_29919 hydrosulfide http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_61250 brevetoxin A http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_80770 Brevetoxin B http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_61275 ciguatoxin http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_25442 fungal toxins http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_27026 toxin http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_34970 saxitoxin http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_50594 carbon nanotubes http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_26710 sodium chloride http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16908 NADH http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16474 NADPH http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_15422 ATP http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_15022 electron donor http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_17654 electron acceptor http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_15379 dioxygen http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_78298 environmental contaminant http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_18276 dihydrogen http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_49987 monoatomic krypton http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33687 diatomic helium http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_49994 monoatomic neon http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_49992 argon(•1+) http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_17997 dinitrogen http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_15377 water http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16042 halide anion http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16134 ammonia http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16183 methane http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16189 sulfate http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16234 hydroxide http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16301 nitrite http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16526 carbon dioxide http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16646 carbohydrate http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_16900 chlorophyllide a http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_17045 dinitrogen oxide http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_17051 fluoride http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_17245 carbon monoxide http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_17544 hydrogencarbonate http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_17632 nitrate http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_17883 hydrogen chloride http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_17996 chloride http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_18230 chlorophyll a http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_18246 (1?4)-?-D-glucan http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_18248 iron atom http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_18291 manganese atom http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_18310 alkane http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_18367 phosphate(3?) http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_22313 alkaline earth metal atom http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_22314 alkali metal atom http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_22563 anion http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_22918 branched-chain amino acid http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_22977 cadmium atom http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_22984 calcium atom http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_23014 carbon oxide http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_23116 chlorine atom http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_23367 molecular entity http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_24061 fluorine atom http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_24473 halogen http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_24870 ion http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_25016 lead atom http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_25017 leucine http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_25107 magnesium atom http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_25111 magnesium porphyrin http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_25212 metabolite http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_25355 mitochondrial respiratory-chain inhibitor http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_25362 elemental molecule http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_25435 mutagen http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_25512 neurotransmitter http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_25555 nitrogen atom http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_25567 nitrous acid http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_25585 nonmetal atom http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_25805 oxygen atom http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_25812 ozone http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_26216 potassium atom http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_26523 reactive oxygen species http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_26708 sodium atom http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_26822 sulfide http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_26833 sulfur atom http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_26835 sulfur molecular entity http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_27027 micronutrient !!! Preliminary !!! http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_27153 monoatomic trication http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_27363 zinc atom http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_27560 boron atom http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_27573 silicon atom http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_27594 carbon atom http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_28073 chromium atom http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_28112 nickel atom http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_28659 phosphorus atom http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_28694 copper atom http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_28793 beta-D-glucan http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_28938 ammonium http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_28966 chlorophyll http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_28976 carbonic acid http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_29228 hydrogen fluoride http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_29233 deuteron http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_29237 deuterium atom http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_29337 azanide http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_29412 oxonium http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_29438 methanide http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_30356 isobutyl group http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_30496 sulfur hexafluoride http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_30513 antimony atom http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_30514 caesium atom http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_30563 silicon dioxide http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_31001 montanic acid http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_31002 montanate http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_32627 leucinate http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_32628 leucinium http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33232 application !!! is a CHEBI_role ; sort of weird !!! http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33265 triatomic oxygen !!! preliminary !!! http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33284 nutrient http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33286 agrochemical http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33287 fertilizer http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33300 pnictogen http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33302 pnictogen molecular entity http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33303 chalcogen http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33306 carbon group element atom http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33317 boron group element atom http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33324 strontium atom http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33327 silicon oxide http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33340 zinc group element atom http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33350 chromium group element atom http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33352 manganese group element atom http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33356 iron group element atom http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33362 nickel group element atom http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33366 copper group element atom http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33432 monoatomic chlorine http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33455 nitrogen oxoacid http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33458 nitrogen oxoanion http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33482 sulfur oxoanion http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33521 metal atom http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33575 carboxylic acid http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33627 monoatomic aluminium http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33693 oxygen hydride http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33704 alpha-amino acid http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33709 amino acid http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33893 reagent http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_33937 macronutrient !!! preliminary !!! http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_35106 nitrogen hydride http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_35107 azane http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_35196 nitrogen oxide http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_35204 tracer http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_35209 label http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_35230 fossil fuel http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_35274 ammonium ion http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_35480 analgesic http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_35604 carbon oxoanion http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_35620 vasodilator agent http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_35780 phosphate ion http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36895 monoatomic fluorine http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36916 cation http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_36934 nitrogen-15 atom http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_37022 amino-acid anion http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_37176 mononuclear parent hydride http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_38252 phorbines !!! preliminary !!! http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_38867 anaesthetic http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_38869 general anaesthetic http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_38870 inhalation anaesthetic http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_41609 carbonate http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_43474 hydrogenphosphate http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_45696 hydrogensulfate http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_46787 solvent http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_48107 nitric acid http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_48154 sulfur oxide http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_48218 antiseptic drug http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_48219 disinfectant http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_48356 protic solvent http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_48360 amphiprotic solvent !!! preliminary !!! http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_48706 antagonist http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_49470 aluminium(3+) http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_49637 hydrogen atom http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_50047 organic amino compound http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_50094 sulfur coordination entity http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_50183 P450 inhibitor http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_50313 onium cation http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_50406 probe http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_50904 allergen http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_50910 neurotoxin http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_51143 nitrogen molecular entity http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_52214 ligand http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_52625 inorganic hydroxy compound http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_53000 epitope http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_58072 carbon monoxide(1+) http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_58416 chlorophyll a(1-) http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_58950 very long-chain fatty acid anion http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_58954 straight-chain saturated fatty acid anion http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_59163 biomarker