Attitudes towards 'Racial Mixing' in Colonial French-India

Actualmente Puducherry es como un coctel en términos de nacionalidades, lenguas, religiones y varios marcadores sociales. Esta situación es una consecuencia de la historia de la Unión de Territorios, en gran parte, influenciada por la herencia colonial. Este ensayo sirve de telón de fondo a la investigación que propongo realizar como tesis final del Máster en Antropología Social y Cultural, y se centra en la dinámica actual de exclusión e inclusión en contextos determinados en White Town, Puducherry. Con este ensayo me aproximaré a las diferentes actitudes que las colonias tenían hacia las poblaciones de 'razas-mixtas' en la India francesa.Present day Puducherry is a mixed pot in terms of nationalities, languages, religions and various social markers. The situation is a consequence of the Union Territory's history, largely influenced by Its colonial heritage. This essay acts as a backdrop to my proposed research project for the final thesis for the Master's in Social and Cultural Anthropology, which focuses on the current dynamic of Inclusion and Exclusion under certain contexts in White Town, Puducherry. This essay begins to study the different attitudes colonies had towards 'mixed-race' populations, primarily in French India

HS-integral and Eisenstein integral mixed circulant graphs

A mixed graph is called \emph{second kind hermitian integral} (\emph{HS-integral}) if the eigenvalues of its Hermitian-adjacency matrix of the second kind are integers. A mixed graph is called \emph{Eisenstein integral} if the eigenvalues of its (0, 1)-adjacency matrix are Eisenstein integers. We characterize the set $S$ for which a mixed circulant graph $\text{Circ}(\mathbb{Z}_n, S)$ is HS-integral. We also show that a mixed circulant graph is Eisenstein integral if and only if it is HS-integral. Further, we express the eigenvalues and the HS-eigenvalues of unitary oriented circulant graphs in terms of generalized M$\ddot{\text{o}}$bius function

Switching equivalence of Hermitian adjacency matrix of mixed graphs

Let $0 \in \Gamma$ and $\Gamma \setminus \{0\}$ be an abelian group under multiplication, where $\Gamma \setminus \{0\} \subseteq \{ z\in \mathbb{C}: |z|=1 \}$. Define $\mathcal{H}_{n}(\Gamma)$ to be the set of all $n\times n$ Hermitian matrices with entries in $\Gamma$, whose diagonal entries are zero. We introduce the notion of switching equivalence on $\mathcal{H}_{n}(\Gamma)$. We find a characterization, in terms of fundamental cycles of graphs, of switching equivalence of matrices in $\mathcal{H}_{n}(\Gamma)$. We give sufficient conditions to characterize the cospectral matrices in $\mathcal{H}_{n}(\Gamma)$. We find bounds on the number of switching equivalence classes of all mixed graphs with the same underlying graph. We also provide the size of all switching equivalence classes of mixed cycles, and give a formula that calculates the size of a switching equivalence class of a mixed planar graph. We also discuss the action of automorphism group of a graph on switching equivalence classes

Usage of Information Sources and Services in Selected Engineering and Management Institute Libraries of Haryana: An Assessment

The present study is evaluates the user experience towards library information resources and services in selected engineering and management institutes of Haryana. The researcher distributed 432 questionnaires among faculty members, PG and UG students of YMCA Faridabad, MDU Rohtak and DCRUST Sonipat Engineering and management institute libraries and found 325(75.23%) responses received back. It was found that the majority of users were overall satisfied with available library information sources and services. The study also found that some of library information sources and services were not much fully utilized by the faculty members and the students. Therefore, it is also suggested for providing effective library services, library need to focus for the utilization of the available resources and improving quality of services to promote optimum utilization of electronic information resources and services to fulfill users’ information needs

H-integral normal mixed Cayley graphs

A mixed graph is called integral if all the eigenvalues of its Hermitian adjacency matrix are integers. A mixed Cayley graph $Cay(\Gamma, S)$ is called normal if $S$ is the union of some conjugacy classes of a finite group $\Gamma$. In 2014, Godsil and Spiga characterized integral normal Cayley graphs. We give similar characterization for the integrality of a normal mixed Cayley graph $Cay(\Gamma,S)$ in terms of $S$. Xu and Meng (2011) and Li (2013) characterized the set $S\subseteq \mathbb{Z}_n$ for which the eigenvalues $\sum\limits_{k\in S} w_n^{jk}$ of the circulant digraph $Cay(\mathbb{Z}_n, S)$ are Gaussian integers for all $j=1,...,h$. Here the adjacency matrix of $Cay(\mathbb{Z}_n, S)$ is considered to be the $n\times n$ matrix $[a_{ij}]$, where $a_{ij}=1$ if $(i,j)$ is an arc of $Cay(\mathbb{Z}_n, S)$, and $0$ otherwise. Let $\{\chi_1,\ldots,\chi_h\}$ be the set of the irreducible characters of $\Gamma$. We prove that $\frac{1}{\chi_j(1)} \sum\limits_{s \in S} \chi_j(s)$ is a Gaussian integer for all $j=1,...,h$ if and only if the normal mixed Cayley graph $Cay(\Gamma, S)$ is integral. As a corollary to this, we get an alternative and easy proof of the characterization, as obtained by Xu, Meng and Li, of the set $S\subseteq \mathbb{Z}_n$ for which the circulant digraph $Cay(\mathbb{Z}_n, S)$ is Gaussian integral

Optimal Management for People with Severe Spasticity

Spasticity is characterized by velocity-dependent increase in tonic stretch reflexes and tendon jerks. Many people affected by spasticity receive late treatment, or no treatment, which greatly reduces the potential to regain full motor control and restore function. There is much to consider before determining treatment for people with spasticity. Treatment of pediatric patients increases the complexity, because of the substantial difference between adult and pediatric spasticity. Proper patient evaluation, utilization of scales and measures, and obtaining patient and caregiver history is vital in determining optimal spasticity treatment. Further, taking into consideration the limitations and desires of individuals serve as a guide to best management. We have grouped contributing factors into the IDAHO Criteria to elucidate a multidisciplinary approach, which considers a person’s complete field of experience. This model is applied to goal setting, and recognizes the importance of a spasticity management team, comprising the treatment subject, his/her family, the environment, and a supportive, well-informed medical staff. The criteria take into account the complexity associated with diagnosing and treating spasticity, with the ultimate goal of improved function

A study on customer satisfaction towards digital advertisement of consumer goods

Due to the impact of the latest innovation in technology, globalization and a highly competitive environment, the economic recession caused a great deal of stress. In Today’s Scenario, the stress level was increasing at a faster rate. Excessive stress on employees will create health issues like depression, diabetes, ulcers, high blood pressure, anxiety, dissatisfaction, loss of concentration, etc. Butts, Pines (2009), NIOSH (1999). Many organizations wanted to reduce and prevent occupational stress. Organizations may have different initiatives to reduce stress with related illness, absenteeism and staff turnover. The employee job satisfaction has been found a significant relationship with job stress. Lasky (1995) examines the different forms of coping strategies adopted by employees. The cross-sectional descriptive survey design was adopted and various coping strategies as they influence occupational stress were examined. The questionnaire was selected using a simple random sampling of 130 employees from the selected selectors in Delhi. Descriptive data were analyzed using frequency and simple percentages. The possible hypothesis was framed in the association between some of the independent variables (e.g., gender, age, income, Qualification, counselling, lunch break, annual leave and canteen service, and level of stress) were discussed and analyzed using SPSS software

ASSESSMENT OF GENETIC DIVERSITY IN TINOSPORA CORDIFOLIA BY INTER SIMPLE SEQUENCE REPEATS (ISSR) AND EXPRESSED SEQUENCE TAGGED- SIMPLE SEQUENCE REPEATS (EST-SSR)

Objective: In this study, assessment of genetic diversity was carried out using two kinds of molecular markers: Inter-Simple Sequence Repeats (ISSR) and Expressed Sequence Tag Simple Sequence Repeats (EST-SSR) in T. cordifolia. Methods: A total of 20 primers/primer pairs were tested for the detection of polymorphism. For genetic diversity assessment, certain parameters such as Polymorphic Information Content (PIC), Marker Index (MI), effective multiplex ratio (EMR) and DDI (Diversity detecting Index) were used. Results: The PIC, MI, EMR and DDI values ranges from 0.306-0.351, 0.76-1.18, 3.86-2.16 and 0.739-0.175 respectively. Cluster analysis based on Jaccard`s similarity coefficient using an Unweighted Pair Group Method with Arithmetic mean (UPGMA) classified all 24 accessions in to two major clusters respectively for both the marker system which demarcated the accessions according to different climatic zones. Similarity indices ranged from 0.68-1.0 for ISSR and 0.52-0.96 for EST-SSR. Conclusion: Both marker systems ISSR and EST-SSR separate out the accessions from different climatic zones in to different groups. In addition, both have shown a high genetic diversity and a good consistency among different genotypes of T. cordifolia. Out of these two, EST-SSR proves more efficient as it directly correlates with the geographical distribution of the plant

Severe Spastic Trismus without Generalized Spasticity after Unilateral Brain Stem Stroke

A 62-year-old female patient diagnosed with left brain stem stroke 2 months ago was admitted to our clinic for rehabilitation. She had no generalized spasticity on both extremities, but could open her mouth only approximately 2 mm between her upper and lower teeth due to severe trismus. On needle electromyography, the left masseter muscle showed paradoxically increased muscle activity during mouth opening. We injected 50 units of type A botulinum toxin (Botox®) into the left masseter muscle, and 20 units into the left temporalis muscle with guidance of ultrasonography. The interincisal distance increased to 8 mm on the 3rd day after injection, and 9 mm on the 4th day. One month later, the interincisal distance increased to 14 mm. The increased interincisal distance was maintained for 13 months after injection, and the quality of hygienic care and compliance of oral stimulation therapy also improved