Pengaruh Bahasa Terhadap Perbedaan Pendapat Para Imam Mujtahid Dalam Menafsirkan Ayat-ayat Hukum

: The Linguistic Influence on the Divergence of Jurisprudents Opinion in Interpreting Qur'anic Legal Verses. At certain level, the jurisprudents disputed and disagreed on a number of legal issues. Such disagreement stems from various aspects, one of which is linguistic problem. This article studies how the jurisprudents are different in interpreting legal verses, which according to the author consists of six aspects, namely identifying hurûf jâr (preposition) and hurûf ‘athf (conjuntion); determining the meaning of fi‘l (verb) and ism (noun); deciding the object to which ism isyârah and pronoun refers to; deciding quantity and quality of the meaning of a word and sentence; and identifying ma'na haqîqy (definite or real meaning) of a word and sentence and its ma‘na majâzy (metaphor). The author argues that as a consequence of these differences, Muslim scholars have different understanding of Islamic legal verses, which in turn lead to divergence of implementation of Islamic laws within the Muslim community both in the ritual and social dealings

Pengembangan Model Partisipasi Masyarakat dalam Penyelenggaraan Pemerintahan Desa di Kabupaten Banyumas

Diundangkannya UU No. 6 Tahun 2014 tentang Desa memberi peluang bagi pengembangan otonomi desa yang demokratis. Penelitian ini mengangkat dua permasalahan, yakni pertama bagaimana pelaksanaan partisipasi masyarakat desa dalam penyelenggaraan pemerintahan desa?, kedua bagaimanakah implikasi pelaksanaan Undang-Undang No. 6 Tahun 2014 tentang Desa terhadap pengembangan model partisipasi masyarakat dalam penyelenggaraan pemerintahan desa? Metode penelitian yuridis empiris. Penelitian dilakukan di tiga kecamatan yaitu Kecamatan Sumpiuh, Banyumas dan Gumelar. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pertama, partisipasi masyarakat diwujudkan dalam bentuk interaksi langsung melalui rembug desa di tingkat RT, maupun melalui unsur keterwakilan seperti BPD, PKK. Kedua, partisipasi masyarakat mengarah pada bentuk keterwakilan, maka disarankan untuk dilakukan peningkatan kualitas SDM lembaga kemasyarakatan di desa

Polygon model from first order gravity

The gauge fixed polygon model of 2+1 gravity with zero cosmological constant and arbitrary number of spinless point particles is reconstructed from the first order formalism of the theory in terms of the triad and the spin connection. The induced symplectic structure is calculated and shown to agree with the canonical one in terms of the variables.Comment: 20 pages, presentation improved, typos correcte

Study of ambient air pollutants over Rishikesh at foothills of north-western Indian Himalaya

49-60Air quality parameters measured over Rishikesh city of Uttarakhand, where a large number of visitors and pilgrimage stay and pass by throughout the year are analyzed and studied. Such intensive human activities lead to the impacts and its manifestation on regional scale environment. Due to consistent infrastructure development and the increased vehicular emission due to transport, a large amount of particulate matters is added to the ambient environment and affects the air quality adversely. Here an attempt is made to understand the growth in level of ambient air pollutants through available measurement. In this study particulate matter (PM10), suspended particulate matters (SPMs) and the concentration of gaseous pollutants (SO2 and NO2) from 2011 to 2014 are measured and analyzed. It is observed that concentrations of the pollutants increase during pre-monsoon season as compared to the winter and monsoon seasons. In addition, PM10 and SPM concentrations are found about two times higher than the prescribed national standard. SO2 and NO2 levels are found within the limits as proposed by the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) New Delhi, India. A detailed statistical analysis is carried out on the basis of monthly mean values of the observed pollutants. The PM10 exhibits a significant positive correlation with SO2 and NO2 concentrations. In addition, back trajectories show partly long-term transport from North Africa, Saudi Arabia and central Asian region in contributing over the region with local emission that is considered to be the main and direct cause of increasing trend of the pollutants

Short-time scaling behavior of growing interfaces

The short-time evolution of a growing interface is studied within the framework of the dynamic renormalization group approach for the Kadar-Parisi-Zhang (KPZ) equation and for an idealized continuum model of molecular beam epitaxy (MBE). The scaling behavior of response and correlation functions is reminiscent of the ``initial slip'' behavior found in purely dissipative critical relaxation (model A) and critical relaxation with conserved order parameter (model B), respectively. Unlike model A the initial slip exponent for the KPZ equation can be expressed by the dynamical exponent z. In 1+1 dimensions, for which z is known exactly, the analytical theory for the KPZ equation is confirmed by a Monte-Carlo simulation of a simple ballistic deposition model. In 2+1 dimensions z is estimated from the short-time evolution of the correlation function.Comment: 27 pages LaTeX with epsf style, 4 figures in eps format, submitted to Phys. Rev.

Timelike surfaces in Lorentz covariant loop gravity and spin foam models

We construct a canonical formulation of general relativity for the case of a timelike foliation of spacetime. The formulation possesses explicit covariance with respect to Lorentz transformations in the tangent space. Applying the loop approach to quantize the theory we derive the spectrum of the area operator of a two-dimensional surface. Its different branches are naturally associated to spacelike and timelike surfaces. The results are compared with the predictions of Lorentzian spin foam models. A restriction of the representations labeling spin networks leads to perfect agreement between the states as well as the area spectra in the two approaches.Comment: a wrong sign corrected in equation (65

Layer-by-Layer Assembled Nanowire Networks Enable Graph Theoretical Design of Multifunctional Coatings

Multifunctional coatings are central for information, biomedical, transportation and energy technologies. These coatings must possess hard-to-attain properties and be scalable, adaptable, and sustainable, which makes layer-by-layer assembly (LBL) of nanomaterials uniquely suitable for these technologies. What remains largely unexplored is that LBL enables computational methodologies for structural design of these composites. Utilizing silver nanowires (NWs), we develop and validate a graph theoretical (GT) description of their LBL composites. GT successfully describes the multilayer structure with nonrandom disorder and enables simultaneous rapid assessment of several properties of electrical conductivity, electromagnetic transparency, and anisotropy. GT models for property assessment can be rapidly validated due to (1) quasi-2D confinement of NWs and (2) accurate microscopy data for stochastic organization of the NW networks. We finally show that spray-assisted LBL offers direct translation of the GT-based design of composite coatings to additive, scalable manufacturing of drone wings with straightforward extensions to other technologies