PRODIVA WP2. Crop mixtures for weed suppression. Annual Report 2016

The aim of WP2 is to assess the weed suppressive ability of crop mixtures as a function of species and densities, using a functional approach. During 2016, field experiments and controlled experiments with mixtures of barley and pea were conducted in Sweden and Poland. The performance of crop mixtures was compared to the performance of pure crops with regard to their ability to suppress weeds. In the fields, natural weed populations were used while the controlled experiments employed Elytrigia repens or Sinapis alba as a model weed. The purpose was to quantify weed suppressive ability of the crops, the impact of weeds on crop yield, and to identify crop traits responsible for the effects on weeds and crop yield. Preliminary results from the controlled experiment in Sweden showed that the presence of a crop (sole crop or intercrop) significantly diminished the growth of E. repens. The ability to compete (weed suppressive ability) was lower in peas, compared to barley and the intercrop. No significant differences were found in the ability to withstand competition (weed tolerance) between sole cropped pea, sole cropped barley, and the intercrop. In the field experiment, the overall weed pressure was rather high (> 500 g DM plot-1). No significant differences in total dry matter were found for spring barley, sown in different proportions in pea/spring barley mixtures. Total dry matter of peas was related to pea seeding density. Preliminary results from the field experiment in Poland showed that crops significantly suppressed weeds compared with the treatment containing only weeds. In the crop combination containing sole peas and 70% peas + 30% spring barley, the crop was not able to suppress the weeds as efficient as in treatments with a higher proportion of spring barley. No significant differences in seed yield were found between the treatments. In the glass house experiment with E. repens, the rhizome dry weight and rhizome length were significantly lower in treatments with both crop and weeds as compared with pure weeds

Geograficzne rozmieszczenie ważnych gatunków chwastów - Aktualny stan wiedzy w zakresie zachwaszczenia zbóż w rolnictwie ekologicznym Rejonu Morza Bałtyckiego

Chwasty stanowią źródło różnorodności biologicznej terenów rolniczych, tworzą siedliska i są źródłem pokarmu dla innych organizmów, jednakże z perspektywy produkcji �w rolnictwie ekologicznym zawsze stanowiły duże wyzwanie. Kilka grup gatunków chwastów, ze względu na specyficzne gospodarowanie ekologicznym systemem rolniczym, naturalnie się dostosowało. Może to oddziaływać mocno konkurencyjnie na rośliny uprawne i wymagać dużej ilości nakładów w usunięciu i/lub ograniczeniu ich rozprzestrzeniania. W niniejszej ulotce opisano najbardziej uciążliwe gatunki chwastów w zbożach jarych uprawianych �w gospodarstwach ekologicznych w rejonie Morza Bałtyckiego, w oparciu o istniejącą literaturę oraz informacje dostarczone przez służby doradcze. Przedstawiono i omówiono występowanie gatunków chwastów w poszczególnych krajach oraz zaproponowano system ich klasyfikacji. Badania prowadzono w ramach międzynarodowego projektu „PRODIVA”, w obszarze programu CORE Organic, którego zainteresowaniem badawczym jest między innymi interakcja roślin uprawnych i bioróżnorodności chwastów �w Rolnictwie Ekologicznym. Kraje uczestniczące to: Dania, Finlandia, Niemcy, Łotwa, Polska i Szwecja

PRODIVA Project: Crop species mixtures for weed suppression�

The aim of this study is to assess the weed suppressive ability of crop mixtures and impact of weeds on crop yield as a function of species and densities by means of field experiments and controlled experiments with mixtures of barley and pea, conducted in Sweden and Poland. The performance of crop mixtures was compared to the performance of pure crops with regard to their ability to suppress weeds. In the fields, natural weed populations were used while the controlled experiments employed Elytrigia repens or Sinapis alba as a model weed. Preliminary results from the controlled experiment in Sweden showed that the presence of a crop (sole crop or intercrop) significantly diminished the growth of E. repens. The ability to compete was lower in peas, compared to barley and the intercrop. No significant differences were found in the ability to withstand competition between sole cropped pea, sole cropped barley, and the intercrop. In the field experiment, the overall weed pressure was rather high (> 750 g DM m-2). No significant differences in total dry matter were found for spring barley, sown in different proportions in pea/spring barley mixtures. Total dry matter of peas was related to pea seeding density. Preliminary results from the field experiment in Poland showed that crops significantly suppressed weeds compared with the treatment containing only weeds. In the crop combination containing sole peas and 70% peas + 30% spring barley, the crop was not able to suppress the weeds as efficient as in treatments with a higher proportion of spring barley. No significant differences in seed yield were found between the treatments. In the glass house experiment with E. repens, the rhizome dry weight and rhizome length were significantly lower in treatments with both crop and weeds as compared with pure weeds

Crop diversification and weeds in organic cereal production

PRODIVA Project introductio

Crop diversification and weeds in organic cereal production

PRODIVA Project introduction and promotio

From practice to science and back – knowledge and information chains in PRODIVA

To organize and manage the dissemination process has become a general task within international projects. Within the project PRODIVA (Crop diversification and weed management) we organized these chains as returning cascades between practice (advisors and farmers) and scientists in the Baltic area. A network of farmers was created in each participating region. We collected and used practical knowledge about dominating weed species in Organic spring cereal production. This data can be compared with monitored weeds in the regions. Together with the monitored weeds management data was collected on-farm. Relating this data to the results of experimentally investigated crop diversification tools, being subsidiary crops in the rotation, crop mixtures and variety mixtures show existing overlaps and gaps. Success stories of farms implementing crop diversification links the results in a way most suitable for direct dissemination from farm-to-farm

From practice to science and back – knowledge and information chains in PRODIVA

To organize and manage the dissemination process has become a general task within international projects. Within the project PRODIVA (Crop diversification and weed management) we organized these chains as returning cascades between practice (advisors and farmers) and scientists in the Baltic area. A network of farmers was created in each participating region. We collected and used practical knowledge about dominating weed species in Organic spring cereal production. This data can be compared with monitored weeds in the regions. Together with the monitored weeds management data was collected on-farm. Relating this data to the results of experimentally investigated crop diversification tools, being subsidiary crops in the rotation, crop mixtures and variety mixtures show existing overlaps and gaps. Success stories of farms implementing crop diversification links the results in a way most suitable for direct dissemination from farm-to-farm

Canagliflozin and renal outcomes in type 2 diabetes and nephropathy

BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes mellitus is the leading cause of kidney failure worldwide, but few effective long-term treatments are available. In cardiovascular trials of inhibitors of sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2), exploratory results have suggested that such drugs may improve renal outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes. METHODS In this double-blind, randomized trial, we assigned patients with type 2 diabetes and albuminuric chronic kidney disease to receive canagliflozin, an oral SGLT2 inhibitor, at a dose of 100 mg daily or placebo. All the patients had an estimated glomerular filtration rate (GFR) of 30 to <90 ml per minute per 1.73 m2 of body-surface area and albuminuria (ratio of albumin [mg] to creatinine [g], >300 to 5000) and were treated with renin–angiotensin system blockade. The primary outcome was a composite of end-stage kidney disease (dialysis, transplantation, or a sustained estimated GFR of <15 ml per minute per 1.73 m2), a doubling of the serum creatinine level, or death from renal or cardiovascular causes. Prespecified secondary outcomes were tested hierarchically. RESULTS The trial was stopped early after a planned interim analysis on the recommendation of the data and safety monitoring committee. At that time, 4401 patients had undergone randomization, with a median follow-up of 2.62 years. The relative risk of the primary outcome was 30% lower in the canagliflozin group than in the placebo group, with event rates of 43.2 and 61.2 per 1000 patient-years, respectively (hazard ratio, 0.70; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.59 to 0.82; P=0.00001). The relative risk of the renal-specific composite of end-stage kidney disease, a doubling of the creatinine level, or death from renal causes was lower by 34% (hazard ratio, 0.66; 95% CI, 0.53 to 0.81; P<0.001), and the relative risk of end-stage kidney disease was lower by 32% (hazard ratio, 0.68; 95% CI, 0.54 to 0.86; P=0.002). The canagliflozin group also had a lower risk of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, or stroke (hazard ratio, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.67 to 0.95; P=0.01) and hospitalization for heart failure (hazard ratio, 0.61; 95% CI, 0.47 to 0.80; P<0.001). There were no significant differences in rates of amputation or fracture. CONCLUSIONS In patients with type 2 diabetes and kidney disease, the risk of kidney failure and cardiovascular events was lower in the canagliflozin group than in the placebo group at a median follow-up of 2.62 years

La montagne, lieu de repos

In this research, the sampling selection among universitarian tourists allowed us to get a first approach in the perception of the polish mountainous area. It shows that the skiing practice interests buta little minority of tourists. They are rather interested in rest, quietness; the sensation of freedom and independence actually seem to be the main assets of this mountainous space. As a result of a few inquiries, it seems that individual tourism in Poland isprefered to socialist tourist-trade.Il s'agit d'une première approche de la perception de l'espace montagnard polonais. Il ressort que la pratique du ski n' intéresse qu'une petite minorité de touristes. Ce sont les capacités de repos, le calme, les sensations d' indépendance et de liberté qui semblent constituer les atouts majeurs de cet espace. Dans la proportion de 80%, les enquêtes préfèrent le tourisme individuel aux formes socialistes du tourisme.Kaczmarek Sylvia. La montagne, lieu de repos. In: Méditerranée, troisième série, tome 69, 4-1989. Tourisme rural en montagne: les Hautes-Alpes et les Tatry. pp. 45-46

PRODIVA WP 3 Variety mixtures for weed suppression.2015

The presentation shows the actions taken within the framework of the project in 2015. In the first year of the project, field experiments were performed in Poland in the cultivation of barley and oat. 6 barley varieties and 3 oat varieties were taken into account. Varieties were sown in pure stands and in two-component mixtures. The main goal of the activities was to assess the potential of cereal mixtures to weed suppression. Besides weed biomass production a lot of other aspects were described to present traits considered to be responsible for weed suppression