Analysis of interaction of the soil temperature field and structures at the level of the basement of the building

The article describes an analysis of the effect of soil type on temperature field distribution at the level of family house basement. Regarding engineering calculations (heat loss calculation, designing and evaluating constructions), a simple and generally accepted method to determine the course of temperature field adjacent to basement walls is missing. The methods specified in European standards are, in terms of calculation of heat flows in soil, problematic. There is currently an insufficient number of measured values which could be integrated in a simple calculation method. A certain option concerns continual measuring of temperatures in soil for buildings in situ. The article uses the measurements of soil temperatures in winter in pre-determined depths at the buidling parts in contact with soil. The measured data from a two-year period were integrated in the model on the basis of statistical evaluation. The main aim of the article is to generate an impulse to create unified outcomes of temperatures of certain soils for pre-selected depths, building structures, and parameters of indoor and outdoor environment

Characteristics of the mechanically fastened joints of one-layer bitumen sheets

The system of mechanic fastening is one of the most frequently used variants of roof membrane stabilization against the impacts of wind sucking. With the growing number of applications of mechanically fastened roofs the number of defects is also growing. We particularly see them in the joints of waterproofing membranes. The contribution is thus dedicated to examination of mutual dependence between the type of the carrier and the strength characteristics of mechanically fastened joints of these sheets. Bitumen sheets with different types of carrier used for one-layer mechanically fastened waterproofing membranes of flat roofs were chosen as samples. The above mentioned dependence is frequently stated in the practice, but is not explicitly documented. The aim of the contribution is to confirm or refute a hypothesis that a relation between the bitumen sheet carrier type and the strength of their joints exists. The results were arranged on the base of statistic evaluation of data obtained by laboratory measurement

The Suggestion and the Construction Environmental Management

The goal of the submitted thesis “The Suggestion and the Construction Environmental Management” is to analyze significance of environmental management system, description of tools of EMS implementation and introduction style in firm TTK CZ s. r. o.. The first part is concentrated on environmental policy concerning the business sphere. In the second part there is a general description of implementation tools of EMS, significance of EMS implementation and benefits of system. In the final part I characterize the firm TTK CZ s. r. o. which displays growing interest in achievement and demonstration of good environmental profile by management of operation impacts, products and services to environment in compliance with environmental policy

The Suggestion and the Construction Environmental Management

Předmětem diplomové práce „Návrh a budování environmentálního managementu“ je rozbor významu systémů environmentálního managementu, popis nástrojů implementace EMS a stylu zavádění ve firmě TTK CZ s.r.o. První část je zaměřena na ekologickou politiku ve vztahu k podnikatelské sféře. V druhé části je všeobecný popis implementačních nástrojů EMS, význam zavádění EMS a přínosy systému. V poslední části charakterizuji firmu TTK CZ s. r. o., která projevuje rostoucí zájem o dosažení a prokázání dobrého environmentálního profilu řízením dopadů svých činností, výrobků a služeb na životní prostředí v souladu se svou environmentální politikou.The goal of the submitted thesis “The Suggestion and the Construction Environmental Management” is to analyze significance of environmental management system, description of tools of EMS implementation and introduction style in firm TTK CZ s. r. o.. The first part is concentrated on environmental policy concerning the business sphere. In the second part there is a general description of implementation tools of EMS, significance of EMS implementation and benefits of system. In the final part I characterize the firm TTK CZ s. r. o. which displays growing interest in achievement and demonstration of good environmental profile by management of operation impacts, products and services to environment in compliance with environmental policy.

Vapour-tight layer and its effect on surface temperatures of curtain walling

The primary function of a vapour-tight layer is to reduce or prevent the spread of humidity from the interior to other layers of the surrounding structures. This would otherwise result in condensation of (water) vapour due to a drop in temperature. In some cases, the behaviour of real structures differs from the structure modelled using a computational programme. This paper deals with the factors that can affect the features of a structure, specifically the internal and external surface temperature of curtain walling. The heat reflection effect of a vapour-tight layer was investigated on a model panel of curtain walling. An inadequate surface temperature can have a negative impact in that it promotes a biotic attack. This results in surface degradation which affects the continuous layers in the adjacent structures

Dependence between the width of strip overlap and the strength of joints of one-layer bitumen sheets

This paper focuses on the examination of mutual dependence of overlap width of bituminous sheets and the strength characteristics of their mechanically fastened joints. Bituminous sheets with two different widths of overlap and different degree of modification were selected as samples for experimental measurements. They are supposed to be used as single-layer mechanically fastened waterproofing membranes. The aforementioned dependence has not been explicitly documented yet. The aim of this paper is to confirm or to refute a hypothesis that a relationship exists between a different width of overlap of bituminous sheets and the strength of their joints. The formulation of the results was based on the statistical evaluation of laboratory measurement data

Závislost pevnosti spojů jednovrstvých asfaltových pásů na jejich tloušťce

This paper focuses on the examination of interdependence of thickness of bitumen sheets and strength characteristics of their mechanically fastened joints. Bitumen sheets with two different thicknesses, which are to be used as single-layer mechanically fastened waterproofing membranes, were chosen as samples for experimental measurements. The aforementioned dependence has still not been explicitly documented. The aim of this paper is to confirm or refute the hypothesis that a relationship exists between different thicknesses of bitumen sheets and strength of their joints. The formulation of the results was based on statistical evaluation of laboratory measurement data.Použití jednovrstvého mechanicky kotveného systému spočívá především v dodržení základních požadavků a dále technologických předpisů stanovených výrobcem. Pro jednovrstvé systémy z asfaltových pásů se používají vysoce kvalitní asfaltové pásy s celkovou tloušťkou min. 5,0 mm. Vyjímečně se lze setkat s asfaltovými pásy určenými pro jednovrstvé systémy, které mají tloušťku pouze 4,0 mm. Z hlediska zajištění dlouhodobé trvanlivosti a hydroizolační bezpečnosti je však jejich aplikace diskutabilní. Asfaltová krycí hmota musí být dostatečně kvalitní, aby zajistila dobrou svařitelnost a dlouhodobou flexibilitu. Pásy jsou nejčastěji vyztuženy spřaženou nosnou vložkou z PES rouna vyztuženého skleněnými vlákny. Kritickým místem spojů je přítomnost kotevního prvku jako místa, kde jsou zachyceny silové účinky vyvolané sáním větru. Plnoplošné natavení dostatečné šířky spoje je základní požadavek pro zajištění hydroizolační schopnost systému a přenesení silových účinků vyvolané sáním větru

Konstrukční řešení dřevěné stěny z masivního dřeva

Alternative solutions to joints of outer wooden solid log walls are based on the current situation on the construction market, which reflects general change in attitude towards the environment. Apart from the evaluation of materials and products in accordance with technological and economic aspects, attention is paid to the effect of individual elements on the environment. This trend is reflected in construction practice by a comeback to original materials and expanding designs of residential buildings on the basis of easily renewable material resources, e.g. wood, which is relatively easily available and renewable construction material. When designing and constructing wooden buildings, it is necessary to take into account specific properties of wood (particularly volume changes), which need to be considered for solutions of individual details. Bed joints of wooden solid log walls are still a problematic detail in terms of thermal technology. It is a contact of two horizontal construction elements – beams, where maximum weakening of the wall thickness occurs. This spot is a relatively frequent place of a recurring thermal bridge during the wall construction. Analysis and improvement of this critical place of wooden houses, which has been more and more frequently built in the Czech Republic, would lead to their better evaluation in terms of heat-technical properties. The aim of the project was to design and examine adjusted variants of shape solutions of joints in between individual solid wooden elements. The project particularly focused on monitoring of surface temperatures in the areas of critical details – bed joints.Alternativní řešení spár obvodových stěnových ko nstrukcí z masivního dřeva vychází ze současné situace na stavebním trhu, ve kterém se také promítá celková změna postoje vůči životnímu prostředí. Kromě hodnocení materiálů a výrobků podle technických a ekonomických aspektů, se bere ohled i na vliv jednotlivých elementů na životní prostředí. Tento směr se promítá do stavební praxe návratem k původní materiálové základně a expandujícími návrhy obytných staveb na bázi snadno obnovitelných materiálových zdrojů, například právě dřeva, které je poměrně bezproblémově dostupným a obnovitelným stavebním materiálem. Při návrhu a realizaci dřevostaveb však musí být pamatováno na specifické vlastnosti dřeva (zejména objemové změny), které je nutno zohlednit při řešení jednotlivých detailů. Ložné spáry obvodových stěnových konstrukcí u masivních dřevostaveb jsou stále problematickým detailem z hlediska tepelné techniky. Jedná se o styk dvou vodorovných konstrukčních prvků – trámů, ve kterém dochází k maximálnímu oslabení tloušťky stěny. Toto místo představuje poměrně často se opakující tepelný most v průběhu konstrukce stěny. Analýza a zdokonalení tohoto kritického místa dřevostaveb, které poslední dobou opět nacházejí čím dál hojnější uplatnění na území ČR, by vedlo k zlepšení jejich celkového hodnocení z hlediska tepelně-technického. Cílem projektu bylo navrhnout a prověřit vhodně upravené varianty tvarového řešení spár mezi jednotlivými masivními prvky. Projekt byl zaměřen zejména na sledování povrchových teplot v oblasti kritických detailů – ložných spár

Characteristics of the mechanically fastened joints of one-layer bitumen sheets

The system of mechanic fastening is one of the most frequently used variants of roof membrane stabilization against the impacts of wind sucking. With the growing number of applications of mechanically fastened roofs the number of defects is also growing. We particularly see them in the joints of waterproofing membranes. The contribution is thus dedicated to examination of mutual dependence between the type of the carrier and the strength characteristics of mechanically fastened joints of these sheets. Bitumen sheets with different types of carrier used for onelayer mechanically fastened waterproofing membranes of flat roofs were chosen as samples. The above mentioned dependence is frequently stated in the practice, but is not explicitly documented. The aim of the contribution is to confirm or refute a hypothesis that a relation between the bitumen sheet carrier type and the strength of their joints exists. The results were arranged on the base of statistic evaluation of data obtained by laboratory measurement

Forestry management in the Krušné hory Mts.:Updated report

The study is oriented on problems of forest stands in the Krušné hory Mts. (Czechia